Conformational analyses of 2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid as a function of solvent and ionization state as determined by NMR spectroscopy

Vicinal 1H1H coupling constants were used to determine the conformational preferences of 2,3‐dihydroxypropanoic acid (1) (DL‐glyceric acid) in various solvents and its different carboxyl ionization states. The stereospecific assignments of J12 and J13 were confirmed through the point‐group substitu...

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Published inMagnetic resonance in chemistry Vol. 44; no. 3; pp. 210 - 219
Main Authors Drake, Michael D., Harsha, Alex K., Terterov, Sergei, Roberts, John D.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01.03.2006
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Abstract Vicinal 1H1H coupling constants were used to determine the conformational preferences of 2,3‐dihydroxypropanoic acid (1) (DL‐glyceric acid) in various solvents and its different carboxyl ionization states. The stereospecific assignments of J12 and J13 were confirmed through the point‐group substitution of the C‐3 hydrogen with deuterium, yielding rac‐(2SR,3RS)‐[3‐2H]‐1, and the observation of only J13 in the 1H NMR spectra. While hydrogen bonding and steric strain may be expected to drive the conformational equilibrium, their role is overshadowed by a profound gauche effect between the vicinal hydroxyl groups that mimics other substituted ethanes, such as 1,2‐ethanediol and 1,2‐difluoroethane. At low pH, the conformational equilibrium is heavily weighted toward the gauche‐hydroxyl rotamers with a range of 81% in DMSO‐d6 to 92% in tert‐butyl alcohol‐d10. At high pH, the equilibrium exhibits a larger dependence upon the polarity and solvating capability of the medium, although the gauche effect still dominates in D2O, 1,4‐dioxane‐d8, methanol‐d4, and ethanol‐d6 (96, 89, 85, and 83% gauche‐hydroxyls respectively). The observed preference for the gauche‐hydroxyl rotamers is believed to stem primarily from hyperconjugative σCH → σ*COH interactions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AbstractList Vicinal 1H1H coupling constants were used to determine the conformational preferences of 2,3‐dihydroxypropanoic acid (1) (DL‐glyceric acid) in various solvents and its different carboxyl ionization states. The stereospecific assignments of J12 and J13 were confirmed through the point‐group substitution of the C‐3 hydrogen with deuterium, yielding rac‐(2SR,3RS)‐[3‐2H]‐1, and the observation of only J13 in the 1H NMR spectra. While hydrogen bonding and steric strain may be expected to drive the conformational equilibrium, their role is overshadowed by a profound gauche effect between the vicinal hydroxyl groups that mimics other substituted ethanes, such as 1,2‐ethanediol and 1,2‐difluoroethane. At low pH, the conformational equilibrium is heavily weighted toward the gauche‐hydroxyl rotamers with a range of 81% in DMSO‐d6 to 92% in tert‐butyl alcohol‐d10. At high pH, the equilibrium exhibits a larger dependence upon the polarity and solvating capability of the medium, although the gauche effect still dominates in D2O, 1,4‐dioxane‐d8, methanol‐d4, and ethanol‐d6 (96, 89, 85, and 83% gauche‐hydroxyls respectively). The observed preference for the gauche‐hydroxyl rotamers is believed to stem primarily from hyperconjugative σCH → σ*COH interactions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vicinal (1)H--(1)H coupling constants were used to determine the conformational preferences of 2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid (1) (DL-glyceric acid) in various solvents and its different carboxyl ionization states. The stereospecific assignments of J(12) and J(13) were confirmed through the point-group substitution of the C-3 hydrogen with deuterium, yielding rac-(2SR,3RS)-[3-(2)H]-1, and the observation of only J(13) in the (1)H NMR spectra. While hydrogen bonding and steric strain may be expected to drive the conformational equilibrium, their role is overshadowed by a profound gauche effect between the vicinal hydroxyl groups that mimics other substituted ethanes, such as 1,2-ethanediol and 1,2-difluoroethane. At low pH, the conformational equilibrium is heavily weighted toward the gauche-hydroxyl rotamers with a range of 81% in DMSO-d(6) to 92% in tert-butyl alcohol-d(10). At high pH, the equilibrium exhibits a larger dependence upon the polarity and solvating capability of the medium, although the gauche effect still dominates in D(2)O, 1,4-dioxane-d(8), methanol-d(4), and ethanol-d(6) (96, 89, 85, and 83% gauche-hydroxyls respectively). The observed preference for the gauche-hydroxyl rotamers is believed to stem primarily from hyperconjugative sigma(C--H) --> sigma*(C--OH) interactions.
Vicinal 1 H 1 H coupling constants were used to determine the conformational preferences of 2,3‐dihydroxypropanoic acid (1) (DL‐glyceric acid) in various solvents and its different carboxyl ionization states. The stereospecific assignments of J 12 and J 13 were confirmed through the point‐group substitution of the C‐3 hydrogen with deuterium, yielding rac ‐(2 SR ,3 RS )‐[3‐ 2 H]‐1, and the observation of only J 13 in the 1 H NMR spectra. While hydrogen bonding and steric strain may be expected to drive the conformational equilibrium, their role is overshadowed by a profound gauche effect between the vicinal hydroxyl groups that mimics other substituted ethanes, such as 1,2‐ethanediol and 1,2‐difluoroethane. At low pH, the conformational equilibrium is heavily weighted toward the gauche‐hydroxyl rotamers with a range of 81% in DMSO‐ d 6 to 92% in tert ‐butyl alcohol‐ d 10 . At high pH, the equilibrium exhibits a larger dependence upon the polarity and solvating capability of the medium, although the gauche effect still dominates in D 2 O, 1,4‐dioxane‐ d 8 , methanol‐ d 4 , and ethanol‐ d 6 (96, 89, 85, and 83% gauche‐hydroxyls respectively). The observed preference for the gauche‐hydroxyl rotamers is believed to stem primarily from hyperconjugative σ CH → σ* COH interactions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vicinal (1)H--(1)H coupling constants were used to determine the conformational preferences of 2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid (1) (DL-glyceric acid) in various solvents and its different carboxyl ionization states. The stereospecific assignments of J(12) and J(13) were confirmed through the point-group substitution of the C-3 hydrogen with deuterium, yielding rac-(2SR,3RS)-[3-(2)H]-1, and the observation of only J(13) in the (1)H NMR spectra. While hydrogen bonding and steric strain may be expected to drive the conformational equilibrium, their role is overshadowed by a profound gauche effect between the vicinal hydroxyl groups that mimics other substituted ethanes, such as 1,2-ethanediol and 1,2-difluoroethane. At low pH, the conformational equilibrium is heavily weighted toward the gauche-hydroxyl rotamers with a range of 81% in DMSO-d(6) to 92% in tert-butyl alcohol-d(10). At high pH, the equilibrium exhibits a larger dependence upon the polarity and solvating capability of the medium, although the gauche effect still dominates in D(2)O, 1,4-dioxane-d(8), methanol-d(4), and ethanol-d(6) (96, 89, 85, and 83% gauche-hydroxyls respectively). The observed preference for the gauche-hydroxyl rotamers is believed to stem primarily from hyperconjugative sigma(C--H) --> sigma*(C--OH) interactions.
Author Roberts, John D.
Drake, Michael D.
Terterov, Sergei
Harsha, Alex K.
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Snippet Vicinal 1H1H coupling constants were used to determine the conformational preferences of 2,3‐dihydroxypropanoic acid (1) (DL‐glyceric acid) in various...
Vicinal (1)H--(1)H coupling constants were used to determine the conformational preferences of 2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid (1) (DL-glyceric acid) in various...
Vicinal 1 H 1 H coupling constants were used to determine the conformational preferences of 2,3‐dihydroxypropanoic acid (1) (DL‐glyceric acid) in various...
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SubjectTerms 1H NMR
2,3‐dihydroxypropanoic acid
3-dihydroxypropanoic acid
conformational analysis
gauche effect
glyceric acid
glyceric acid deuteriation
hyperconjugation
NMR
solvent effects
Title Conformational analyses of 2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid as a function of solvent and ionization state as determined by NMR spectroscopy
URI https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-1BNCKVT3-H/fulltext.pdf
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fmrc.1758
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16477695
https://search.proquest.com/docview/67805302
Volume 44
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