Phytochemicals as regulators of microglia/macrophages activation in cerebral ischemia
[Display omitted] The search for novel therapeutic agents for the management of cerebral ischemia/stroke has become an appealing research interest in the recent past. Neuroprotective phytochemicals as novel stroke drug candidates have recently drawn significant interests from stroke scientists due t...
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Published in | Pharmacological research Vol. 165; p. 105419 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Netherlands
Elsevier Ltd
01.03.2021
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Abstract | [Display omitted]
The search for novel therapeutic agents for the management of cerebral ischemia/stroke has become an appealing research interest in the recent past. Neuroprotective phytochemicals as novel stroke drug candidates have recently drawn significant interests from stroke scientists due to their strong brain protective effects in animal stroke models. The underlying mechanism of action is likely owing to their anti-inflammatory properties, even though other mechanisms such as anti-oxidation and vasculoprotection have also been proposed. It is generally held that the early proinflammatory responses after stroke can lead to a secondary brain injury, mainly due to the damaging effect exerted by over-activation of brain resident microglial cells and infiltration of circulating monocytes and macrophages. This review focuses on the anti-inflammatory properties of bioactive phytochemicals, including activation and polarization of microglia/macrophages in the post-ischemic brain. The latest studies in animal stroke models demonstrate that this group of bioactive phytochemicals exerts their anti-inflammatory effects via attenuation of brain proinflammatory microglia and macrophages M1 polarization while promoting anti-inflammatory microglial and macrophages M2 polarization. As a result, stroked animals treated with brain protective phytochemicals have significantly fewer brain active M1 microglia and macrophages, smaller brain infarct volume, better functional recovery, and better survival rate. Therefore, this review provides insights into a new category of drug candidates for stroke drug development by employing neuroprotective phytochemicals. |
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AbstractList | [Display omitted]
The search for novel therapeutic agents for the management of cerebral ischemia/stroke has become an appealing research interest in the recent past. Neuroprotective phytochemicals as novel stroke drug candidates have recently drawn significant interests from stroke scientists due to their strong brain protective effects in animal stroke models. The underlying mechanism of action is likely owing to their anti-inflammatory properties, even though other mechanisms such as anti-oxidation and vasculoprotection have also been proposed. It is generally held that the early proinflammatory responses after stroke can lead to a secondary brain injury, mainly due to the damaging effect exerted by over-activation of brain resident microglial cells and infiltration of circulating monocytes and macrophages. This review focuses on the anti-inflammatory properties of bioactive phytochemicals, including activation and polarization of microglia/macrophages in the post-ischemic brain. The latest studies in animal stroke models demonstrate that this group of bioactive phytochemicals exerts their anti-inflammatory effects via attenuation of brain proinflammatory microglia and macrophages M1 polarization while promoting anti-inflammatory microglial and macrophages M2 polarization. As a result, stroked animals treated with brain protective phytochemicals have significantly fewer brain active M1 microglia and macrophages, smaller brain infarct volume, better functional recovery, and better survival rate. Therefore, this review provides insights into a new category of drug candidates for stroke drug development by employing neuroprotective phytochemicals. The search for novel therapeutic agents for the management of cerebral ischemia/stroke has become an appealing research interest in the recent past. Neuroprotective phytochemicals as novel stroke drug candidates have recently drawn significant interests from stroke scientists due to their strong brain protective effects in animal stroke models. The underlying mechanism of action is likely owing to their anti-inflammatory properties, even though other mechanisms such as anti-oxidation and vasculoprotection have also been proposed. It is generally held that the early proinflammatory responses after stroke can lead to a secondary brain injury, mainly due to the damaging effect exerted by over-activation of brain resident microglial cells and infiltration of circulating monocytes and macrophages. This review focuses on the anti-inflammatory properties of bioactive phytochemicals, including activation and polarization of microglia/macrophages in the post-ischemic brain. The latest studies in animal stroke models demonstrate that this group of bioactive phytochemicals exerts their anti-inflammatory effects via attenuation of brain proinflammatory microglia and macrophages M1 polarization while promoting anti-inflammatory microglial and macrophages M2 polarization. As a result, stroked animals treated with brain protective phytochemicals have significantly fewer brain active M1 microglia and macrophages, smaller brain infarct volume, better functional recovery, and better survival rate. Therefore, this review provides insights into a new category of drug candidates for stroke drug development by employing neuroprotective phytochemicals. |
ArticleNumber | 105419 |
Author | Gaire, Bhakta Prasad Subedi, Lalita |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Lalita surname: Subedi fullname: Subedi, Lalita – sequence: 2 givenname: Bhakta Prasad surname: Gaire fullname: Gaire, Bhakta Prasad email: samarpanbp@gmail.com |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33450385$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Keywords | BBB JNK rtPA Quercetin (CID: 5280343) Scutellarin (CID: 185617) ICAM-1 AP-1 I/R MPO MyD88 Cerebral ischemia/Stroke BCCAO NF-κB IFN-γ 6-shogaol (CID: 5281794) Arg-1 PI3K Edaravone (CID: 4021) iNOS WHO 2-VO IL Baicalin (CID: 64982) Nurr1 MAPK PPARγ ROS AMPK 6-paradol (CID: 94378) TRIF TLR4 tMCAO ERK NO Neuroprotection CamKII MCP-1 COX-2 Prx6 CNS HO-1 Iba1 LPS DAMPs ASC Bioactive phytochemicals Nrf2 Eupatilin (CID: 5273755) Resveratrol (CID: 445154) NLRP3 TGF-β Epigallocatechin gallate (CID: 65064) Microglia/Macrophages MCAO CD PGE2 Curcumin (CID: 969516) IKKαβ BDNF MMPs STAT3 Neuroinflammation 4-VO OGD GFAP ICH TNF-α DNA pMCAO BrdU |
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The search for novel therapeutic agents for the management of cerebral ischemia/stroke has become an appealing research interest in the... The search for novel therapeutic agents for the management of cerebral ischemia/stroke has become an appealing research interest in the recent past.... |
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SubjectTerms | Animals Bioactive phytochemicals Brain Ischemia - drug therapy Cerebral ischemia/Stroke Humans Macrophage Activation - drug effects Macrophages - drug effects Microglia - drug effects Microglia/Macrophages Neuroinflammation Neuroinflammatory Diseases - drug therapy Neuroprotection Neuroprotective Agents - therapeutic use Phytochemicals - therapeutic use |
Title | Phytochemicals as regulators of microglia/macrophages activation in cerebral ischemia |
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