Impact of commercial formulations of herbicides alone and in mixtures on the antioxidant system and body condition parameters in tadpoles of Rhinella icterica (Spix 1824)

• Published in: Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Vol. 100; p. 104145
• Main Authors: Reichert, Leici Maria Machado, de Oliveira, Diogo Reis, Papaleo, Jonas Londero, Valgas, Artur Antunes Navarro, Oliveira, Guendalina Turcato
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.06.2023
• Subjects: Amphibians; Antioxidant enzymes; Carbonyl proteins; Condition factor; Lipoperoxidation; Pesticides; Carbonyl proteins; Condition factor; Lipoperoxidation; Amphibians; Antioxidant enzymes; Pesticides
• ISSN: 1382-6689; 1872-7077
• DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104145

Pesticide usage has increased over the last decades, leading to concerns regarding its effects on non-target organisms, especially amphibians. Tadpoles of Rhinella icterica were collected in a pesticide-free place, acclimated in the laboratory (21 days) and exposed (7 days) to three herbicides (20 µg/L atrazine (A); 250 µg/L glyphosate (G); 20 µg/L quinclorac (Q)) and their mixtures. Only 2% mortality was observed over the 28 days of the study. Despite this, significant variations were observed for markers of oxidative balance and body condition when comparing all experimental groups. K and Kn factor showed the lowest values in the group A+G+Q, as well as the activity levels of GST and SOD. In contrast to this, the CAT activity was higher in the same group (A+G+Q). The mixture of the three herbicides proved to be more harmful, which points to the need for more restrictive laws for the use of mixed herbicides. [Display omitted] •Tadpoles showed 2% mortality even when exposed to the mixture of the herbicides.•The factor K and Kn showed the lowest values in the mixture of the three herbicides.•SOD and TBARS increased in atrazine group in relation to the other exposed groups.•GST activity showed the lowest values in animals exposed to A+G+Q, in contrast to CAT.•Mixtures of atrazine, quinclorac, glyphosate impact R. icterica tadpoles.