Assessment of blood-brain barrier integrity and neuroinflammation in preeclampsia

Although blood-brain barrier integrity is intact under normal pregnancy conditions, animal studies suggest that blood-brain barrier impairment occurs in preeclampsia. Yet, human data are limited, and the integrity of the blood-brain barrier has not been assessed in women with preeclampsia. We sought...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inAmerican journal of obstetrics and gynecology Vol. 221; no. 3; pp. 269.e1 - 269.e8
Main Authors Burwick, Richard M., Togioka, Brandon M., Speranza, Rosa J., Gaffney, Jessica E., Roberts, Victoria H.J., Frias, Antonio E., Rincón, Mónica
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 01.09.2019
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Loading…
Abstract Although blood-brain barrier integrity is intact under normal pregnancy conditions, animal studies suggest that blood-brain barrier impairment occurs in preeclampsia. Yet, human data are limited, and the integrity of the blood-brain barrier has not been assessed in women with preeclampsia. We sought to test the hypothesis that the integrity of the blood-brain barrier is impaired and that neuroinflammation is increased in women with preeclampsia. We performed an observational case-control study in pregnant women >24 weeks gestation who underwent spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery or combined spinal epidural analgesia for labor. Cases were women with preeclampsia, and control subjects were women with either healthy pregnancy, chronic hypertension, or gestational hypertension. Paired samples of blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid were collected from each subject before delivery. We measured albumin, C5a, C5b-9, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, and albumin, C5a, and C5b-9 concentrations in urine, using colorimetric or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The ratio of albumin in cerebrospinal fluid to plasma (Qalb) was used as a surrogate for maternal blood-brain barrier integrity. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of C5a, C5b-9, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 were used as surrogate markers of neuroinflammation. Differences in Qalb and cerebrospinal fluid protein concentrations between groups were assessed by nonparametric test of medians. Forty-eight subjects were enrolled, which included 16 cases with preeclampsia, 16 control subjects with healthy pregnancy, and 16 control subjects with either chronic or gestational hypertension. Qalb values were not increased in preeclampsia cases compared with healthy or hypertensive control subjects (Qalb median, 3.5 [interquartile range, 2.9–5.1] vs 3.9 [interquartile range, 3.0–4.8] vs 3.9 [interquartile range, 3.0–4.8]; P=.78]. Moreover, Qalb values were not increased in the subset of women with preeclampsia with severe features (n=8) compared with those without severe features (n=8; Qalb median, 3.5 [interquartile range, 3.3–4.9] vs 3.7 [interquartile range, 2.3–5.5]; P=.62]. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of C5a, C5b-9, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were not increased in cases of preeclampsia, compared with control subjects with either healthy pregnancy, chronic hypertension, or gestational hypertension (P>.05, all comparisons). In contrast to the negative findings in cerebrospinal fluid, plasma concentrations of both C5b-9 and interleukin-6 and urine concentrations of C5a and C5b-9 were increased in cases of preeclampsia. Through measurements of albumin, complement proteins, and cytokines in paired samples of blood and cerebrospinal fluid at the time of delivery, we found no evidence of blood-brain barrier impairment or neuroinflammation in preeclampsia. Larger studies that will investigate a wider range of proteins are suggested to validate our findings.
AbstractList Although blood-brain barrier integrity is intact under normal pregnancy conditions, animal studies suggest that blood-brain barrier impairment occurs in preeclampsia. Yet, human data are limited, and the integrity of the blood-brain barrier has not been assessed in women with preeclampsia. We sought to test the hypothesis that the integrity of the blood-brain barrier is impaired and that neuroinflammation is increased in women with preeclampsia. We performed an observational case-control study in pregnant women >24 weeks gestation who underwent spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery or combined spinal epidural analgesia for labor. Cases were women with preeclampsia, and control subjects were women with either healthy pregnancy, chronic hypertension, or gestational hypertension. Paired samples of blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid were collected from each subject before delivery. We measured albumin, C5a, C5b-9, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, and albumin, C5a, and C5b-9 concentrations in urine, using colorimetric or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The ratio of albumin in cerebrospinal fluid to plasma (Qalb) was used as a surrogate for maternal blood-brain barrier integrity. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of C5a, C5b-9, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 were used as surrogate markers of neuroinflammation. Differences in Qalb and cerebrospinal fluid protein concentrations between groups were assessed by nonparametric test of medians. Forty-eight subjects were enrolled, which included 16 cases with preeclampsia, 16 control subjects with healthy pregnancy, and 16 control subjects with either chronic or gestational hypertension. Qalb values were not increased in preeclampsia cases compared with healthy or hypertensive control subjects (Qalb median, 3.5 [interquartile range, 2.9–5.1] vs 3.9 [interquartile range, 3.0–4.8] vs 3.9 [interquartile range, 3.0–4.8]; P=.78]. Moreover, Qalb values were not increased in the subset of women with preeclampsia with severe features (n=8) compared with those without severe features (n=8; Qalb median, 3.5 [interquartile range, 3.3–4.9] vs 3.7 [interquartile range, 2.3–5.5]; P=.62]. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of C5a, C5b-9, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were not increased in cases of preeclampsia, compared with control subjects with either healthy pregnancy, chronic hypertension, or gestational hypertension (P>.05, all comparisons). In contrast to the negative findings in cerebrospinal fluid, plasma concentrations of both C5b-9 and interleukin-6 and urine concentrations of C5a and C5b-9 were increased in cases of preeclampsia. Through measurements of albumin, complement proteins, and cytokines in paired samples of blood and cerebrospinal fluid at the time of delivery, we found no evidence of blood-brain barrier impairment or neuroinflammation in preeclampsia. Larger studies that will investigate a wider range of proteins are suggested to validate our findings.
Although blood-brain barrier integrity is intact under normal pregnancy conditions, animal studies suggest that blood-brain barrier impairment occurs in preeclampsia. Yet, human data are limited, and the integrity of the blood-brain barrier has not been assessed in women with preeclampsia. We sought to test the hypothesis that the integrity of the blood-brain barrier is impaired and that neuroinflammation is increased in women with preeclampsia. We performed an observational case-control study in pregnant women >24 weeks gestation who underwent spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery or combined spinal epidural analgesia for labor. Cases were women with preeclampsia, and control subjects were women with either healthy pregnancy, chronic hypertension, or gestational hypertension. Paired samples of blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid were collected from each subject before delivery. We measured albumin, C5a, C5b-9, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, and albumin, C5a, and C5b-9 concentrations in urine, using colorimetric or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The ratio of albumin in cerebrospinal fluid to plasma (Q ) was used as a surrogate for maternal blood-brain barrier integrity. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of C5a, C5b-9, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 were used as surrogate markers of neuroinflammation. Differences in Q and cerebrospinal fluid protein concentrations between groups were assessed by nonparametric test of medians. Forty-eight subjects were enrolled, which included 16 cases with preeclampsia, 16 control subjects with healthy pregnancy, and 16 control subjects with either chronic or gestational hypertension. Q values were not increased in preeclampsia cases compared with healthy or hypertensive control subjects (Q median, 3.5 [interquartile range, 2.9-5.1] vs 3.9 [interquartile range, 3.0-4.8] vs 3.9 [interquartile range, 3.0-4.8]; P=.78]. Moreover, Q values were not increased in the subset of women with preeclampsia with severe features (n=8) compared with those without severe features (n=8; Q median, 3.5 [interquartile range, 3.3-4.9] vs 3.7 [interquartile range, 2.3-5.5]; P=.62]. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of C5a, C5b-9, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were not increased in cases of preeclampsia, compared with control subjects with either healthy pregnancy, chronic hypertension, or gestational hypertension (P>.05, all comparisons). In contrast to the negative findings in cerebrospinal fluid, plasma concentrations of both C5b-9 and interleukin-6 and urine concentrations of C5a and C5b-9 were increased in cases of preeclampsia. Through measurements of albumin, complement proteins, and cytokines in paired samples of blood and cerebrospinal fluid at the time of delivery, we found no evidence of blood-brain barrier impairment or neuroinflammation in preeclampsia. Larger studies that will investigate a wider range of proteins are suggested to validate our findings.
BACKGROUNDAlthough blood-brain barrier integrity is intact under normal pregnancy conditions, animal studies suggest that blood-brain barrier impairment occurs in preeclampsia. Yet, human data are limited, and the integrity of the blood-brain barrier has not been assessed in women with preeclampsia.OBJECTIVEWe sought to test the hypothesis that the integrity of the blood-brain barrier is impaired and that neuroinflammation is increased in women with preeclampsia.STUDY DESIGNWe performed an observational case-control study in pregnant women >24 weeks gestation who underwent spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery or combined spinal epidural analgesia for labor. Cases were women with preeclampsia, and control subjects were women with either healthy pregnancy, chronic hypertension, or gestational hypertension. Paired samples of blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid were collected from each subject before delivery. We measured albumin, C5a, C5b-9, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, and albumin, C5a, and C5b-9 concentrations in urine, using colorimetric or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The ratio of albumin in cerebrospinal fluid to plasma (Qalb) was used as a surrogate for maternal blood-brain barrier integrity. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of C5a, C5b-9, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 were used as surrogate markers of neuroinflammation. Differences in Qalb and cerebrospinal fluid protein concentrations between groups were assessed by nonparametric test of medians.RESULTSForty-eight subjects were enrolled, which included 16 cases with preeclampsia, 16 control subjects with healthy pregnancy, and 16 control subjects with either chronic or gestational hypertension. Qalb values were not increased in preeclampsia cases compared with healthy or hypertensive control subjects (Qalb median, 3.5 [interquartile range, 2.9-5.1] vs 3.9 [interquartile range, 3.0-4.8] vs 3.9 [interquartile range, 3.0-4.8]; P=.78]. Moreover, Qalb values were not increased in the subset of women with preeclampsia with severe features (n=8) compared with those without severe features (n=8; Qalb median, 3.5 [interquartile range, 3.3-4.9] vs 3.7 [interquartile range, 2.3-5.5]; P=.62]. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of C5a, C5b-9, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were not increased in cases of preeclampsia, compared with control subjects with either healthy pregnancy, chronic hypertension, or gestational hypertension (P>.05, all comparisons). In contrast to the negative findings in cerebrospinal fluid, plasma concentrations of both C5b-9 and interleukin-6 and urine concentrations of C5a and C5b-9 were increased in cases of preeclampsia.CONCLUSIONThrough measurements of albumin, complement proteins, and cytokines in paired samples of blood and cerebrospinal fluid at the time of delivery, we found no evidence of blood-brain barrier impairment or neuroinflammation in preeclampsia. Larger studies that will investigate a wider range of proteins are suggested to validate our findings.
Author Speranza, Rosa J.
Frias, Antonio E.
Burwick, Richard M.
Roberts, Victoria H.J.
Rincón, Mónica
Togioka, Brandon M.
Gaffney, Jessica E.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Richard M.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-2340-3772
  surname: Burwick
  fullname: Burwick, Richard M.
  email: richard.burwick@cshs.org
  organization: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Brandon M.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8285-7811
  surname: Togioka
  fullname: Togioka, Brandon M.
  organization: Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Rosa J.
  surname: Speranza
  fullname: Speranza, Rosa J.
  organization: School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Jessica E.
  surname: Gaffney
  fullname: Gaffney, Jessica E.
  organization: Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Victoria H.J.
  surname: Roberts
  fullname: Roberts, Victoria H.J.
  organization: Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Antonio E.
  surname: Frias
  fullname: Frias, Antonio E.
  organization: Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Mónica
  surname: Rincón
  fullname: Rincón, Mónica
  organization: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31229428$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp9kMtKxDAUhoMozkVfwIV06aY1TTtpCm6GwRsMiKDrkMvJkKFNxqQjzNubMqNLV-f2n59zvhk6d94BQjclLkpc0vttIbZ-UxBctgWmBSb1GZqWuG1yyig7R1OMMcnbqmETNItxO5akJZdoUpUpqQmbovdljBBjD27IvMlk573OZRDWZVKEYCFk1g2wCXY4ZMLpzME-eOtMJ_peDNa7NM92AUClzi5acYUujOgiXJ_iHH0-PX6sXvL12_PrarnOVbWgQ84w1dBoI6tWEtoClURjJmtpmvFKSemiqgWYCsv0ADN1a5qFMloSRowyppqju6PvLvivPcSB9zYq6DrhwO8jJ6SmpKobViYpOUpV8DEGMHwXbC_CgZeYjyj5lo8o-YiSY8oTyrR0e_Lfyx7038ovuyR4OAogffmdSPGoLDgF2gZQA9fe_uf_A934iEI
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1186_s12883_023_03256_w
crossref_primary_10_3390_cells10113045
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11916_021_00958_z
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_arr_2023_102070
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0246786
crossref_primary_10_1002_uog_24930
crossref_primary_10_1097_HJH_0000000000003288
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2024_1419540
crossref_primary_10_3390_cells11050789
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajog_2023_05_015
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajog_2020_09_038
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00737_019_01010_1
crossref_primary_10_3389_fphys_2022_979547
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41380_023_01976_6
crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000031583
crossref_primary_10_1021_acsomega_0c03910
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11906_023_01288_8
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41440_020_0511_4
crossref_primary_10_1080_14767058_2021_1978067
crossref_primary_10_1161_HYPERTENSIONAHA_122_19408
Cites_doi 10.3233/JAD-180855
10.1111/1471-0528.12629
10.1182/blood-2010-01-261503
10.1371/journal.pone.0210128
10.3109/00016349609065729
10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01420
10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.01.005
10.1177/10454411950060020301
10.1002/prca.201600082
10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70227-X
10.4049/jimmunol.136.12.4456
10.1371/journal.pone.0113670
10.1161/01.RES.59.2.216
10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70239-5
10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11153
10.1016/B978-0-12-804279-3.00002-2
10.1016/j.arr.2013.02.001
10.1089/089771501316919139
10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08778-0
10.1016/j.molimm.2011.04.003
10.1371/journal.pone.0105000
10.1097/AOG.0000000000002980
10.1016/S0165-5728(00)00291-5
10.1074/jbc.RA118.002639
10.1159/000100019
10.1073/pnas.0806682105
10.1371/journal.pone.0196025
10.1053/j.semperi.2009.02.003
10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.158931
10.1371/journal.pone.0161867
10.1084/jem.20061022
10.1177/1933719114549844
10.4049/jimmunol.138.7.2095
10.1016/j.placenta.2008.07.008
10.1111/sji.12132
10.1016/S0021-9258(19)81346-7
10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.11.007
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright_xml – notice: 2019 Elsevier Inc.
– notice: Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
DBID CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
7X8
DOI 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024
DatabaseName Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList
MEDLINE
MEDLINE - Academic
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
EISSN 1097-6868
EndPage 269.e8
ExternalDocumentID 10_1016_j_ajog_2019_06_024
31229428
S0002937819307884
Genre Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Article
Observational Study
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Oregon Clinical & Translational Research Institute
  funderid: https://doi.org/10.13039/100007804
– fundername: REDCap
  grantid: UL1TR002369
– fundername: Preeclampsia Foundation
  funderid: https://doi.org/10.13039/100004060
– fundername: NCATS NIH HHS
  grantid: UL1 TR002369
– fundername: NIH HHS
  grantid: P51 OD011092
GroupedDBID ---
--K
--M
-ET
.1-
.55
.FO
.GJ
.XZ
.~1
0R~
1B1
1CY
1P~
1~.
1~5
23M
2KS
354
3O-
4.4
457
4CK
4G.
53G
5GY
5RE
5VS
6J9
7-5
85S
8F7
8P~
AACTN
AAEDT
AAEDW
AAIAV
AAIKC
AAIKJ
AAKOC
AALRI
AAMNW
AAOAW
AAQFI
AAQQT
AAQXK
AAWTL
AAXUO
AAYJJ
ABBQC
ABCQX
ABFNM
ABFRF
ABJNI
ABLVK
ABMAC
ABMZM
ABOCM
ABPMR
ABXDB
ABYKQ
ACDAQ
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACRLP
ADBBV
ADEZE
ADMUD
ADOJD
AEBSH
AEFWE
AEKER
AENEX
AEVXI
AFCHL
AFCTW
AFDAS
AFFNX
AFKWA
AFRHN
AFTJW
AFXIZ
AGHFR
AGNAY
AGUBO
AGYEJ
AHPSJ
AI.
AIEXJ
AIKHN
AITUG
AJBFU
AJOXV
AJRQY
AJUYK
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMFUW
AMRAJ
ANZVX
ASPBG
AVWKF
AXJTR
AZFZN
BKOJK
BLXMC
BNPGV
C45
C5W
CAG
COF
CS3
EBS
EFJIC
EFLBG
EJD
EO8
EX3
F5P
FDB
FEDTE
FGOYB
FIRID
FNPLU
FYGXN
G-Q
G8K
GBLVA
HVGLF
HZ~
IH2
IHE
J1W
K-O
KOM
LCYCR
LPU
M41
MO0
N4W
N9A
NCXOZ
NEJ
NQ-
O-L
O9-
OAUVE
OBH
OCB
OGEVE
OHH
OHT
OMK
OQ.
OVD
P-8
P-9
P2P
PC.
PH~
Q38
R2-
RIG
ROL
RPZ
RXW
SDF
SEL
SES
SEW
SJN
SPCBC
SSH
SSZ
T5K
TAE
TEORI
TWZ
UDS
UGJ
UHB
UHS
UHU
UKR
UNMZH
UV1
VH1
VVN
WH7
WOQ
WOW
X6Y
X7M
XFW
YFH
YOC
YYQ
YZZ
Z5R
ZA5
ZGI
ZXP
ZY1
~G-
~H1
AAXKI
ABDPE
ADVLN
AFJKZ
AKRWK
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
AAYXX
ACRPL
CITATION
7X8
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c356t-806de7dfb39b269e6b2d08b4bf70229b66534aef30b3788f49f75cfdb282fcff3
IEDL.DBID .~1
ISSN 0002-9378
IngestDate Sat Oct 26 04:58:08 EDT 2024
Fri Dec 06 01:10:28 EST 2024
Sat Nov 02 12:27:39 EDT 2024
Fri Feb 23 02:21:12 EST 2024
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 3
Keywords complement proteins
neuroinflammation
albumin
cerebrospinal fluid
pregnancy
cytokines
preeclampsia
brain
hypertension
central nervous system
Language English
License Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c356t-806de7dfb39b269e6b2d08b4bf70229b66534aef30b3788f49f75cfdb282fcff3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ObjectType-Undefined-3
ORCID 0000-0002-8285-7811
0000-0002-2340-3772
PMID 31229428
PQID 2246234781
PQPubID 23479
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_2246234781
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajog_2019_06_024
pubmed_primary_31229428
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_ajog_2019_06_024
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate September 2019
2019-09-00
20190901
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2019-09-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 09
  year: 2019
  text: September 2019
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
PublicationTitle American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
PublicationTitleAlternate Am J Obstet Gynecol
PublicationYear 2019
Publisher Elsevier Inc
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier Inc
References Redman, Sacks, Sargent (bib32) 1999; 180
(bib1) 2013; 122
Mayhan, Heistad (bib9) 1986; 59
Girardi, Yarilin, Thurman, Holers, Salmon (bib16) 2006; 203
Yang, Yang, Liu (bib23) 2014; 267
Sims, Faioni, Wiedmer, Shattil (bib18) 1988; 263
Zeeman (bib4) 2009; 33
O’Barr, Cooper (bib22) 2000; 109
Abalos, Cuesta, Carroli (bib3) 2014; 121
Burwick, Velasquez, Valencia (bib14) 2018; 132
Zabel, Kirsch (bib21) 2013; 12
Sartain, Turner, Moake (bib41) 2018; 293
Haeger, Unander, Bengtsson (bib11) 1990; 76
Veerhuis, Nielsen, Tenner (bib20) 2011; 48
Say, Chou, Gemmill (bib2) 2014; 2
Rampersad, Barton, Sadovsky, Nelson (bib17) 2008; 29
Tumani, Huss, Bachhuber (bib28) 2017; 146
Mayhan, Heistad (bib8) 1985; 248
Haeger, Unander, Bengtsson (bib12) 1991; 78
Altman, Carroli, Duley (bib5) 2002; 359
Johnson, Tremble, Chan (bib34) 2014; 9
Stahel, Morganti-Kossmann, Perez (bib40) 2001; 18
Cipolla, Pusic, Grinberg, Chapman, Poynter, Kraig (bib10) 2012; 234
Matsumoto, Yanase, Noguchi-Shinohara, Ono, Yoshita, Yamada (bib29) 2007; 23
Barnum (bib19) 1995; 6
Van den Berg, Duvekot, Guzel (bib31) 2017; 11
Hermann, Romero, Schmidt, Reis, Zerr (bib30) 2014; 9
Amburgey, Chapman, May, Bernstein, Cipolla (bib6) 2010; 56
Ciampa, Li, Dillon (bib27) 2018; 72
Ji, Lu, Zhao (bib24) 2016; 11
Sanders, Alexander, Koski, Frank, Joiner (bib38) 1987; 138
Wallace, Tremble, Owens, Morris, Cipolla (bib7) 2015; 22
Khoonsari, Shevchenko, Herman (bib25) 2019; 67
Bergman, Zetterberg, Kaihola, Hagberg, Blennow, Akerud (bib42) 2018; 13
Langer, Chung, Orlova (bib15) 2010; 116
Burwick, Fichorova, Dawood, Yamamoto, Feinberg (bib13) 2013; 62
Riazi, Galic, Kuzmiski, Ho, Sharkey, Pittman (bib33) 2008; 105
Haeger, Unander, Norder-Hansson, Tylman, Bengtsson (bib35) 1992; 79
Kerr, Lee, Perez-Barcena (bib26) 2018; 13
Haeger, Unander, Andersson, Tarkowski, Arnestad, Bengtsson (bib36) 1996; 75
Wang, Wang, Wang, Qiu, Lu, Hu (bib37) 2014; 79
Sanders, Koski, Robbins, Shin, Frank, Joiner (bib39) 1986; 136
Abalos (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib3) 2014; 121
Cipolla (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib10) 2012; 234
Matsumoto (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib29) 2007; 23
Altman (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib5) 2002; 359
Ciampa (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib27) 2018; 72
Kerr (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib26) 2018; 13
Haeger (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib35) 1992; 79
Haeger (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib11) 1990; 76
Langer (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib15) 2010; 116
Girardi (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib16) 2006; 203
Van den Berg (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib31) 2017; 11
Zeeman (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib4) 2009; 33
Sims (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib18) 1988; 263
Sanders (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib38) 1987; 138
Yang (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib23) 2014; 267
Sanders (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib39) 1986; 136
Mayhan (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib9) 1986; 59
(10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib1) 2013; 122
Mayhan (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib8) 1985; 248
Tumani (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib28) 2017; 146
Wallace (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib7) 2015; 22
Johnson (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib34) 2014; 9
Khoonsari (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib25) 2019; 67
Haeger (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib36) 1996; 75
Burwick (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib14) 2018; 132
Amburgey (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib6) 2010; 56
Say (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib2) 2014; 2
Barnum (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib19) 1995; 6
Ji (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib24) 2016; 11
Stahel (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib40) 2001; 18
O’Barr (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib22) 2000; 109
Redman (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib32) 1999; 180
Zabel (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib21) 2013; 12
Wang (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib37) 2014; 79
Rampersad (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib17) 2008; 29
Hermann (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib30) 2014; 9
Bergman (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib42) 2018; 13
Riazi (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib33) 2008; 105
Burwick (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib13) 2013; 62
Veerhuis (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib20) 2011; 48
Haeger (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib12) 1991; 78
Sartain (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib41) 2018; 293
References_xml – volume: 29
  start-page: 855
  year: 2008
  end-page: 861
  ident: bib17
  article-title: The C5b-9 membrane attack complex of complement activation localizes to villous trophoblast injury in vivo and modulates human trophoblast function in vitro
  publication-title: Placenta
  contributor:
    fullname: Nelson
– volume: 132
  start-page: 1477
  year: 2018
  end-page: 1485
  ident: bib14
  article-title: Terminal complement activation in preeclampsia
  publication-title: Obstet Gynecol
  contributor:
    fullname: Valencia
– volume: 22
  start-page: 278
  year: 2015
  end-page: 284
  ident: bib7
  article-title: Plasma from patients with HELLP syndrome increases blood-brain barrier permeability
  publication-title: Reprod Sci
  contributor:
    fullname: Cipolla
– volume: 11
  start-page: e0161867
  year: 2016
  ident: bib24
  article-title: C5a induces the synthesis of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in rat glomerular mesangial cells through MAPK signaling pathways
  publication-title: PloS ONE
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhao
– volume: 180
  start-page: 499
  year: 1999
  end-page: 506
  ident: bib32
  article-title: Preeclampsia: an excessive maternal inflammatory response to pregnancy
  publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol
  contributor:
    fullname: Sargent
– volume: 359
  start-page: 1877
  year: 2002
  end-page: 1890
  ident: bib5
  article-title: Do women with pre-eclampsia, and their babies, benefit from magnesium sulphate? The Magpie Trial: a randomised placebo-controlled trial
  publication-title: Lancet
  contributor:
    fullname: Duley
– volume: 11
  year: 2017
  ident: bib31
  article-title: Elevated levels of protein AMBP in cerebrospinal fluid of women with preeclampsia compared to normotensive pregnant women
  publication-title: Proteomics Clin Appl
  contributor:
    fullname: Guzel
– volume: 13
  start-page: e0210128
  year: 2018
  ident: bib26
  article-title: Inflammasome proteins as biomarkers of traumatic brain injury
  publication-title: PloS ONE
  contributor:
    fullname: Perez-Barcena
– volume: 136
  start-page: 4456
  year: 1986
  end-page: 4459
  ident: bib39
  article-title: Activated terminal complement in cerebrospinal fluid in Guillain-Barre syndrome and multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: J Immunol
  contributor:
    fullname: Joiner
– volume: 6
  start-page: 132
  year: 1995
  end-page: 146
  ident: bib19
  article-title: Complement biosynthesis in the central nervous system
  publication-title: Crit Rev Oral Biol Med
  contributor:
    fullname: Barnum
– volume: 13
  start-page: e0196025
  year: 2018
  ident: bib42
  article-title: Blood-based cerebral biomarkers in preeclampsia: plasma concentrations of NfL, tau, S100B and NSE during pregnancy in women who later develop preeclampsia: a nested case control study
  publication-title: PloS ONE
  contributor:
    fullname: Akerud
– volume: 105
  start-page: 17151
  year: 2008
  end-page: 17156
  ident: bib33
  article-title: Microglial activation and TNFalpha production mediate altered CNS excitability following peripheral inflammation
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
  contributor:
    fullname: Pittman
– volume: 263
  start-page: 18205
  year: 1988
  end-page: 18212
  ident: bib18
  article-title: Complement proteins C5b-9 cause release of membrane vesicles from the platelet surface that are enriched in the membrane receptor for coagulation factor Va and express prothrombinase activity
  publication-title: J Biol Chem
  contributor:
    fullname: Shattil
– volume: 67
  start-page: 639
  year: 2019
  end-page: 651
  ident: bib25
  article-title: Improved differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease by integrating ELISA and mass spectrometry-based cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers
  publication-title: J Alzheimers Dis
  contributor:
    fullname: Herman
– volume: 116
  start-page: 4395
  year: 2010
  end-page: 4403
  ident: bib15
  article-title: Complement-mediated inhibition of neovascularization reveals a point of convergence between innate immunity and angiogenesis
  publication-title: Blood
  contributor:
    fullname: Orlova
– volume: 18
  start-page: 773
  year: 2001
  end-page: 781
  ident: bib40
  article-title: Intrathecal levels of complement-derived soluble membrane attack complex (sC5b-9) correlate with blood-brain barrier dysfunction in patients with traumatic brain injury
  publication-title: J Neurotrauma
  contributor:
    fullname: Perez
– volume: 234
  start-page: 398
  year: 2012
  end-page: 404
  ident: bib10
  article-title: Pregnant serum induces neuroinflammation and seizure activity via TNFalpha
  publication-title: Exper Neurol
  contributor:
    fullname: Kraig
– volume: 9
  start-page: e105000
  year: 2014
  ident: bib30
  article-title: CSF biomarkers and neuropsychological profiles in patients with cerebral small-vessel disease
  publication-title: PloS ONE
  contributor:
    fullname: Zerr
– volume: 248
  start-page: H712
  year: 1985
  end-page: H718
  ident: bib8
  article-title: Permeability of blood-brain barrier to various sized molecules
  publication-title: Am J Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Heistad
– volume: 267
  start-page: 16
  year: 2014
  end-page: 19
  ident: bib23
  article-title: Soluble complement complex C5b-9 promotes microglia activation
  publication-title: J Neuroimmunol
  contributor:
    fullname: Liu
– volume: 62
  start-page: 1040
  year: 2013
  end-page: 1045
  ident: bib13
  article-title: Urinary excretion of C5b-9 in severe preeclampsia: tipping the balance of complement activation in pregnancy
  publication-title: Hypertension
  contributor:
    fullname: Feinberg
– volume: 75
  start-page: 695
  year: 1996
  end-page: 701
  ident: bib36
  article-title: Increased release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in women with the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count
  publication-title: Acta Obstetr Gynecol Scand
  contributor:
    fullname: Bengtsson
– volume: 293
  start-page: 7195
  year: 2018
  end-page: 7208
  ident: bib41
  article-title: Brain microvascular endothelial cells exhibit lower activation of the alternative complement pathway than glomerular microvascular endothelial cells
  publication-title: J Biol Chem
  contributor:
    fullname: Moake
– volume: 78
  start-page: 46
  year: 1991
  end-page: 49
  ident: bib12
  article-title: Complement activation in relation to development of preeclampsia
  publication-title: Obstet Gynecol
  contributor:
    fullname: Bengtsson
– volume: 12
  start-page: 749
  year: 2013
  end-page: 756
  ident: bib21
  article-title: From development to dysfunction: microglia and the complement cascade in CNS homeostasis
  publication-title: Age Res Rev
  contributor:
    fullname: Kirsch
– volume: 56
  start-page: 1003
  year: 2010
  end-page: 1008
  ident: bib6
  article-title: Plasma from preeclamptic women increases blood-brain barrier permeability: role of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling
  publication-title: Hypertension
  contributor:
    fullname: Cipolla
– volume: 76
  start-page: 698
  year: 1990
  end-page: 702
  ident: bib11
  article-title: Enhanced anaphylatoxin and terminal C5b-9 complement complex formation in patients with the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count
  publication-title: Obstet Gynecol
  contributor:
    fullname: Bengtsson
– volume: 203
  start-page: 2165
  year: 2006
  end-page: 2175
  ident: bib16
  article-title: Complement activation induces dysregulation of angiogenic factors and causes fetal rejection and growth restriction
  publication-title: J Exper Med
  contributor:
    fullname: Salmon
– volume: 48
  start-page: 1592
  year: 2011
  end-page: 1603
  ident: bib20
  article-title: Complement in the brain
  publication-title: Mol Immunol
  contributor:
    fullname: Tenner
– volume: 72
  start-page: 219
  year: 2018
  end-page: 226
  ident: bib27
  article-title: Cerebrospinal fluid protein changes in preeclampsia
  publication-title: Hypertension
  contributor:
    fullname: Dillon
– volume: 109
  start-page: 87
  year: 2000
  end-page: 94
  ident: bib22
  article-title: The C5a complement activation peptide increases IL-1beta and IL-6 release from amyloid-beta primed human monocytes: implications for Alzheimer’s disease
  publication-title: J Neuroimmunol
  contributor:
    fullname: Cooper
– volume: 2
  start-page: e323
  year: 2014
  end-page: e333
  ident: bib2
  article-title: Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis
  publication-title: Lancet Global Health
  contributor:
    fullname: Gemmill
– volume: 146
  start-page: 21
  year: 2017
  end-page: 32
  ident: bib28
  article-title: The cerebrospinal fluid and barriers - anatomic and physiologic considerations
  publication-title: Handb Clin Neurol
  contributor:
    fullname: Bachhuber
– volume: 121
  start-page: 14
  year: 2014
  end-page: 24
  ident: bib3
  article-title: Pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes: a secondary analysis of the World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health
  publication-title: BJOG
  contributor:
    fullname: Carroli
– volume: 33
  start-page: 166
  year: 2009
  end-page: 172
  ident: bib4
  article-title: Neurologic complications of pre-eclampsia
  publication-title: Semin Perinatol
  contributor:
    fullname: Zeeman
– volume: 59
  start-page: 216
  year: 1986
  end-page: 220
  ident: bib9
  article-title: Role of veins and cerebral venous pressure in disruption of the blood-brain barrier
  publication-title: Circ Res
  contributor:
    fullname: Heistad
– volume: 23
  start-page: 241
  year: 2007
  end-page: 245
  ident: bib29
  article-title: Blood-brain barrier permeability correlates with medial temporal lobe atrophy but not with amyloid-beta protein transport across the blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer’s disease
  publication-title: Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord
  contributor:
    fullname: Yamada
– volume: 9
  start-page: e113670
  year: 2014
  ident: bib34
  article-title: Magnesium sulfate treatment reverses seizure susceptibility and decreases neuroinflammation in a rat model of severe preeclampsia
  publication-title: PloS ONE
  contributor:
    fullname: Chan
– volume: 122
  start-page: 1122
  year: 2013
  end-page: 1131
  ident: bib1
  article-title: Hypertension in pregnancy. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy
  publication-title: Obstet Gynecol
– volume: 79
  start-page: 19
  year: 1992
  end-page: 26
  ident: bib35
  article-title: Complement, neutrophil, and macrophage activation in women with severe preeclampsia and the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count
  publication-title: Obstet Gynecol
  contributor:
    fullname: Bengtsson
– volume: 138
  start-page: 2095
  year: 1987
  end-page: 2099
  ident: bib38
  article-title: Detection of activated terminal complement (C5b-9) in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with central nervous system involvement of primary Sjogren’s syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus
  publication-title: J Immunol
  contributor:
    fullname: Joiner
– volume: 79
  start-page: 127
  year: 2014
  end-page: 130
  ident: bib37
  article-title: Increased soluble C5b-9 in CSF of neuromyelitis optica
  publication-title: Scand J Immunol
  contributor:
    fullname: Hu
– volume: 67
  start-page: 639
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib25
  article-title: Improved differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease by integrating ELISA and mass spectrometry-based cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers
  publication-title: J Alzheimers Dis
  doi: 10.3233/JAD-180855
  contributor:
    fullname: Khoonsari
– volume: 121
  start-page: 14
  issue: suppl 1
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib3
  article-title: Pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes: a secondary analysis of the World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health
  publication-title: BJOG
  doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.12629
  contributor:
    fullname: Abalos
– volume: 116
  start-page: 4395
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib15
  article-title: Complement-mediated inhibition of neovascularization reveals a point of convergence between innate immunity and angiogenesis
  publication-title: Blood
  doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-01-261503
  contributor:
    fullname: Langer
– volume: 13
  start-page: e0210128
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib26
  article-title: Inflammasome proteins as biomarkers of traumatic brain injury
  publication-title: PloS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210128
  contributor:
    fullname: Kerr
– volume: 248
  start-page: H712
  year: 1985
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib8
  article-title: Permeability of blood-brain barrier to various sized molecules
  publication-title: Am J Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Mayhan
– volume: 122
  start-page: 1122
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib1
  article-title: Hypertension in pregnancy. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy
  publication-title: Obstet Gynecol
– volume: 75
  start-page: 695
  year: 1996
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib36
  article-title: Increased release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in women with the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count
  publication-title: Acta Obstetr Gynecol Scand
  doi: 10.3109/00016349609065729
  contributor:
    fullname: Haeger
– volume: 62
  start-page: 1040
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib13
  article-title: Urinary excretion of C5b-9 in severe preeclampsia: tipping the balance of complement activation in pregnancy
  publication-title: Hypertension
  doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01420
  contributor:
    fullname: Burwick
– volume: 234
  start-page: 398
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib10
  article-title: Pregnant serum induces neuroinflammation and seizure activity via TNFalpha
  publication-title: Exper Neurol
  doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.01.005
  contributor:
    fullname: Cipolla
– volume: 6
  start-page: 132
  year: 1995
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib19
  article-title: Complement biosynthesis in the central nervous system
  publication-title: Crit Rev Oral Biol Med
  doi: 10.1177/10454411950060020301
  contributor:
    fullname: Barnum
– volume: 11
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib31
  article-title: Elevated levels of protein AMBP in cerebrospinal fluid of women with preeclampsia compared to normotensive pregnant women
  publication-title: Proteomics Clin Appl
  doi: 10.1002/prca.201600082
  contributor:
    fullname: Van den Berg
– volume: 2
  start-page: e323
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib2
  article-title: Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis
  publication-title: Lancet Global Health
  doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70227-X
  contributor:
    fullname: Say
– volume: 79
  start-page: 19
  year: 1992
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib35
  article-title: Complement, neutrophil, and macrophage activation in women with severe preeclampsia and the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count
  publication-title: Obstet Gynecol
  contributor:
    fullname: Haeger
– volume: 136
  start-page: 4456
  year: 1986
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib39
  article-title: Activated terminal complement in cerebrospinal fluid in Guillain-Barre syndrome and multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: J Immunol
  doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.136.12.4456
  contributor:
    fullname: Sanders
– volume: 9
  start-page: e113670
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib34
  article-title: Magnesium sulfate treatment reverses seizure susceptibility and decreases neuroinflammation in a rat model of severe preeclampsia
  publication-title: PloS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113670
  contributor:
    fullname: Johnson
– volume: 59
  start-page: 216
  year: 1986
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib9
  article-title: Role of veins and cerebral venous pressure in disruption of the blood-brain barrier
  publication-title: Circ Res
  doi: 10.1161/01.RES.59.2.216
  contributor:
    fullname: Mayhan
– volume: 180
  start-page: 499
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib32
  article-title: Preeclampsia: an excessive maternal inflammatory response to pregnancy
  publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol
  doi: 10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70239-5
  contributor:
    fullname: Redman
– volume: 72
  start-page: 219
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib27
  article-title: Cerebrospinal fluid protein changes in preeclampsia
  publication-title: Hypertension
  doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11153
  contributor:
    fullname: Ciampa
– volume: 78
  start-page: 46
  year: 1991
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib12
  article-title: Complement activation in relation to development of preeclampsia
  publication-title: Obstet Gynecol
  contributor:
    fullname: Haeger
– volume: 146
  start-page: 21
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib28
  article-title: The cerebrospinal fluid and barriers - anatomic and physiologic considerations
  publication-title: Handb Clin Neurol
  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-804279-3.00002-2
  contributor:
    fullname: Tumani
– volume: 12
  start-page: 749
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib21
  article-title: From development to dysfunction: microglia and the complement cascade in CNS homeostasis
  publication-title: Age Res Rev
  doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.02.001
  contributor:
    fullname: Zabel
– volume: 18
  start-page: 773
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib40
  article-title: Intrathecal levels of complement-derived soluble membrane attack complex (sC5b-9) correlate with blood-brain barrier dysfunction in patients with traumatic brain injury
  publication-title: J Neurotrauma
  doi: 10.1089/089771501316919139
  contributor:
    fullname: Stahel
– volume: 359
  start-page: 1877
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib5
  article-title: Do women with pre-eclampsia, and their babies, benefit from magnesium sulphate? The Magpie Trial: a randomised placebo-controlled trial
  publication-title: Lancet
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08778-0
  contributor:
    fullname: Altman
– volume: 48
  start-page: 1592
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib20
  article-title: Complement in the brain
  publication-title: Mol Immunol
  doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.04.003
  contributor:
    fullname: Veerhuis
– volume: 9
  start-page: e105000
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib30
  article-title: CSF biomarkers and neuropsychological profiles in patients with cerebral small-vessel disease
  publication-title: PloS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105000
  contributor:
    fullname: Hermann
– volume: 132
  start-page: 1477
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib14
  article-title: Terminal complement activation in preeclampsia
  publication-title: Obstet Gynecol
  doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002980
  contributor:
    fullname: Burwick
– volume: 109
  start-page: 87
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib22
  article-title: The C5a complement activation peptide increases IL-1beta and IL-6 release from amyloid-beta primed human monocytes: implications for Alzheimer’s disease
  publication-title: J Neuroimmunol
  doi: 10.1016/S0165-5728(00)00291-5
  contributor:
    fullname: O’Barr
– volume: 293
  start-page: 7195
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib41
  article-title: Brain microvascular endothelial cells exhibit lower activation of the alternative complement pathway than glomerular microvascular endothelial cells
  publication-title: J Biol Chem
  doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA118.002639
  contributor:
    fullname: Sartain
– volume: 23
  start-page: 241
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib29
  article-title: Blood-brain barrier permeability correlates with medial temporal lobe atrophy but not with amyloid-beta protein transport across the blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer’s disease
  publication-title: Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord
  doi: 10.1159/000100019
  contributor:
    fullname: Matsumoto
– volume: 105
  start-page: 17151
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib33
  article-title: Microglial activation and TNFalpha production mediate altered CNS excitability following peripheral inflammation
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0806682105
  contributor:
    fullname: Riazi
– volume: 13
  start-page: e0196025
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib42
  article-title: Blood-based cerebral biomarkers in preeclampsia: plasma concentrations of NfL, tau, S100B and NSE during pregnancy in women who later develop preeclampsia: a nested case control study
  publication-title: PloS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196025
  contributor:
    fullname: Bergman
– volume: 33
  start-page: 166
  issue: 3
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib4
  article-title: Neurologic complications of pre-eclampsia
  publication-title: Semin Perinatol
  doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2009.02.003
  contributor:
    fullname: Zeeman
– volume: 56
  start-page: 1003
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib6
  article-title: Plasma from preeclamptic women increases blood-brain barrier permeability: role of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling
  publication-title: Hypertension
  doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.158931
  contributor:
    fullname: Amburgey
– volume: 11
  start-page: e0161867
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib24
  article-title: C5a induces the synthesis of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in rat glomerular mesangial cells through MAPK signaling pathways
  publication-title: PloS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161867
  contributor:
    fullname: Ji
– volume: 203
  start-page: 2165
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib16
  article-title: Complement activation induces dysregulation of angiogenic factors and causes fetal rejection and growth restriction
  publication-title: J Exper Med
  doi: 10.1084/jem.20061022
  contributor:
    fullname: Girardi
– volume: 22
  start-page: 278
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib7
  article-title: Plasma from patients with HELLP syndrome increases blood-brain barrier permeability
  publication-title: Reprod Sci
  doi: 10.1177/1933719114549844
  contributor:
    fullname: Wallace
– volume: 76
  start-page: 698
  year: 1990
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib11
  article-title: Enhanced anaphylatoxin and terminal C5b-9 complement complex formation in patients with the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count
  publication-title: Obstet Gynecol
  contributor:
    fullname: Haeger
– volume: 138
  start-page: 2095
  year: 1987
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib38
  article-title: Detection of activated terminal complement (C5b-9) in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with central nervous system involvement of primary Sjogren’s syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus
  publication-title: J Immunol
  doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.138.7.2095
  contributor:
    fullname: Sanders
– volume: 29
  start-page: 855
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib17
  article-title: The C5b-9 membrane attack complex of complement activation localizes to villous trophoblast injury in vivo and modulates human trophoblast function in vitro
  publication-title: Placenta
  doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.07.008
  contributor:
    fullname: Rampersad
– volume: 79
  start-page: 127
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib37
  article-title: Increased soluble C5b-9 in CSF of neuromyelitis optica
  publication-title: Scand J Immunol
  doi: 10.1111/sji.12132
  contributor:
    fullname: Wang
– volume: 263
  start-page: 18205
  year: 1988
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib18
  article-title: Complement proteins C5b-9 cause release of membrane vesicles from the platelet surface that are enriched in the membrane receptor for coagulation factor Va and express prothrombinase activity
  publication-title: J Biol Chem
  doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)81346-7
  contributor:
    fullname: Sims
– volume: 267
  start-page: 16
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024_bib23
  article-title: Soluble complement complex C5b-9 promotes microglia activation
  publication-title: J Neuroimmunol
  doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.11.007
  contributor:
    fullname: Yang
SSID ssj0002292
Score 2.4609632
Snippet Although blood-brain barrier integrity is intact under normal pregnancy conditions, animal studies suggest that blood-brain barrier impairment occurs in...
BACKGROUNDAlthough blood-brain barrier integrity is intact under normal pregnancy conditions, animal studies suggest that blood-brain barrier impairment occurs...
SourceID proquest
crossref
pubmed
elsevier
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 269.e1
SubjectTerms Adult
albumin
Albumins - metabolism
Biomarkers - metabolism
Blood-Brain Barrier
brain
Case-Control Studies
central nervous system
cerebrospinal fluid
complement proteins
Complement System Proteins - metabolism
cytokines
Cytokines - metabolism
Female
Humans
hypertension
Inflammation - metabolism
neuroinflammation
Pre-Eclampsia - metabolism
Pre-Eclampsia - physiopathology
preeclampsia
Pregnancy
Title Assessment of blood-brain barrier integrity and neuroinflammation in preeclampsia
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.024
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31229428
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2246234781
Volume 221
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LS8QwEA6iIF7Et-uLCN6kWvNotsdlcVkVBcGFvYWkSWQ9dMs-rv52Z5p2xYMevLVpQ9PJMDNhvvmGkCuljDdMyeSOOZYIwU3S9QGuCqSpZlymdSrm-SUbjsTjWI7XSL-thUFYZWP7o02vrXUzcttI87aaTLDGNwVfpcClgZ52u8gJKmSKXQxuPr9hHozlrA2B8e2mcCZivMzH9B3hXXnN4cnEb87pt-CzdkKDHbLdRI-0Fxe4S9Z8uUc2n5v8-D557a2INuk00IhKt9gFglozw-Z0NPJDQOxNTeloTWcJSgZ6EWsY4TmtZt4XMFLNJ-aAjAb3b_1h0jRNSAouswV4nMx55YLluWVZ7jPLXNq1wgaFsrBZJrkwPvDUIpV8EHlQsgjOwtkrFCHwQ7JeTkt_TGgqvTQ8N8p5mF8oC8GFc7ywwSs8V3XIdSstXUVuDN2Cxj40ylajbDUi55joENkKVP_YYQ3G-895l630Nag-5jNM6afLuUYuPMaxVrZDjuK2rNbB7-Bn4Wh18s-vnpItvItosjOyvpgt_TmEHwt7UevXBdnoPTwNX74A0XfZlw
link.rule.ids 314,780,784,4502,24116,27924,27925,45585,45679
linkProvider Elsevier
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LSyQxEC58gHoRXdd1fG0Eb9Jrm0dn-iiijI8RBAVvIekky3joGcbx6m-3qtOteNCDtybp0OkvRVWFfPUF4FBrGyzXKjvhnmdSCpv1Q8SnimSquVB5cxQzvC0GD_LqUT3OwVlXC0O0ytb3J5_eeOu25bhF83gyGlGNb46xSmNIQzvt9-U8LEqF2S8a9b_XD54H5yXvcmB6va2cSSQv-zT-T_yushHx5PKr6PRV9tlEoYs1WG3TR3aaZrgOc6H-BUvD9oB8A-5O35U22TiyREt3dA0Ec3ZKt9OxJBCByTeztWeNniVaGRpGKmLEfjaZhlBhy-R5ZH_Dw8X5_dkga29NyCqhihmGnMIH7aMTpeNFGQrHfd530kVNWLiiUELaEEXuSEs-yjJqVUXvcPMVqxjFJizU4zpsActVUFaUVvuA4yvtMLvwXlQuBk0bqx4cdWiZSRLHMB1r7MkQtoawNUSd47IHqgPUfFpig97723EHHfoGbZ8ONGwdxi_PhsTwuKBi2R78ScvyPg9xgj-Le6vtH371LywP7oc35uby9noHVqgnUct2YWE2fQl7mIvM3H5ja28Pp9s0
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+blood-brain+barrier+integrity+and+neuroinflammation+in+preeclampsia&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+obstetrics+and+gynecology&rft.au=Burwick%2C+Richard+M&rft.au=Togioka%2C+Brandon+M&rft.au=Speranza%2C+Rosa+J&rft.au=Gaffney%2C+Jessica+E&rft.date=2019-09-01&rft.eissn=1097-6868&rft.volume=221&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=269.e1&rft.epage=269.e8&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ajog.2019.06.024&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0002-9378&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0002-9378&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0002-9378&client=summon