Hydrodynamic Simulation of Rip Currents Along Al-Nakheel Beach, Alexandria, Egypt: Case Study
Al-Nakheel beach is located northwest of Alexandria city, Egypt, along the Mediterranean coast. During the period from 1998 to 2003, seven detached breakwaters were constructed along Al-Nakheel beach to create a sheltered area for swimming. Unfortunately, the structures amplify rip currents, shoreli...
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Published in | Journal of marine science and application Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 137 - 145 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Berlin/Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
01.03.2023
Springer Nature B.V Department of Oceanography,Alexandria University,Alexandria 21526,Egyptian%Department of Hydrodynamics,Coastal Research Institute,Alexandria 21514,Egyptian%Department of Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulics,Alexandria University,Alexandria 21544,Egyptian |
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Abstract | Al-Nakheel beach is located northwest of Alexandria city, Egypt, along the Mediterranean coast. During the period from 1998 to 2003, seven detached breakwaters were constructed along Al-Nakheel beach to create a sheltered area for swimming. Unfortunately, the structures amplify rip currents, shoreline accretions, and erosions. The aim of this research is to track the variations of the rip currents within the study area and show the effects of the breakwaters on the shoreline. The research is based on the hydrodynamic and morphological data of the study area and uses the Delft3D hydrodynamical model combined with other data analysis tools to serve the model input. The data include measured sea-level observations in 2013, the ERA-interim wave datasets from 2015 to 2018 and wind data in 2018, bed morphologies, and Google Earth satellite images from 2010 to 2020. The model is calibrated on the basis of the available current measurements within the nearshore zone. Results show that the shoreline eroded at an average rate of about 0.9 m/yr. Moreover, pairs of vortices are formed behind the breakwaters with an average current velocity of 0.6 m/s. The predominant northwest waves induce rip currents on the leeside of the structures with velocities reaching 1.2 m/s, associated with the rip pulsation that extends offshore. The problem solution decision recommends the removal of the sand deposition on the leeside of the breakwaters by an average amount of 100 000 m
3
/yr and the fencing of the safe area for swimming by a floating fence of 1 000 m length and 65 m average width. |
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AbstractList | Al-Nakheel beach is located northwest of Alexandria city,Egypt,along the Mediterranean coast.During the period from 1998 to 2003,seven detached breakwaters were constructed along Al-Nakheel beach to create a sheltered area for swimming.Unfortunately,the structures amplify rip currents,shoreline accretions,and erosions.The aim of this research is to track the variations of the rip currents within the study area and show the effects of the breakwaters on the shoreline.The research is based on the hydrodynamic and morphological data of the study area and uses the Delft3D hydrodynamical model combined with other data analysis tools to serve the model input.The data include measured sea-level observations in 2013,the ERA-interim wave datasets from 2015 to 2018 and wind data in 2018,bed morphologies,and Google Earth satellite images from 2010 to 2020.The model is calibrated on the basis of the available current measurements within the nearshore zone.Results show that the shoreline eroded at an average rate of about 0.9 m/yr.Moreover,pairs of vortices are formed behind the breakwaters with an average current velocity of 0.6 m/s.The predominant northwest waves induce rip currents on the leeside of the structures with velocities reaching 1.2 m/s,associated with the rip pulsation that extends offshore.The problem solution decision recommends the removal of the sand deposition on the leeside of the breakwaters by an average amount of 100 000 m3/yr and the fencing of the safe area for swimming by a floating fence of 1 000 m length and 65 m average width. Al-Nakheel beach is located northwest of Alexandria city, Egypt, along the Mediterranean coast. During the period from 1998 to 2003, seven detached breakwaters were constructed along Al-Nakheel beach to create a sheltered area for swimming. Unfortunately, the structures amplify rip currents, shoreline accretions, and erosions. The aim of this research is to track the variations of the rip currents within the study area and show the effects of the breakwaters on the shoreline. The research is based on the hydrodynamic and morphological data of the study area and uses the Delft3D hydrodynamical model combined with other data analysis tools to serve the model input. The data include measured sea-level observations in 2013, the ERA-interim wave datasets from 2015 to 2018 and wind data in 2018, bed morphologies, and Google Earth satellite images from 2010 to 2020. The model is calibrated on the basis of the available current measurements within the nearshore zone. Results show that the shoreline eroded at an average rate of about 0.9 m/yr. Moreover, pairs of vortices are formed behind the breakwaters with an average current velocity of 0.6 m/s. The predominant northwest waves induce rip currents on the leeside of the structures with velocities reaching 1.2 m/s, associated with the rip pulsation that extends offshore. The problem solution decision recommends the removal of the sand deposition on the leeside of the breakwaters by an average amount of 100 000 m 3 /yr and the fencing of the safe area for swimming by a floating fence of 1 000 m length and 65 m average width. |
Author | Moghazy, Hossam El-Din M. Iskander, Moheb M. Nafeih, Abdallah M. El-Gindy, Ahmed A. Salama, Nada M. |
AuthorAffiliation | Department of Oceanography,Alexandria University,Alexandria 21526,Egyptian%Department of Hydrodynamics,Coastal Research Institute,Alexandria 21514,Egyptian%Department of Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulics,Alexandria University,Alexandria 21544,Egyptian |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Department of Oceanography,Alexandria University,Alexandria 21526,Egyptian%Department of Hydrodynamics,Coastal Research Institute,Alexandria 21514,Egyptian%Department of Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulics,Alexandria University,Alexandria 21544,Egyptian |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Nada M. surname: Salama fullname: Salama, Nada M. email: Nada.salama_PG@alexu.edu.eg organization: Department of Oceanography, Alexandria University – sequence: 2 givenname: Moheb M. surname: Iskander fullname: Iskander, Moheb M. organization: Department of Hydrodynamics, Coastal Research Institute – sequence: 3 givenname: Ahmed A. surname: El-Gindy fullname: El-Gindy, Ahmed A. organization: Department of Oceanography, Alexandria University – sequence: 4 givenname: Abdallah M. surname: Nafeih fullname: Nafeih, Abdallah M. organization: Department of Oceanography, Alexandria University – sequence: 5 givenname: Hossam El-Din M. surname: Moghazy fullname: Moghazy, Hossam El-Din M. organization: Department of Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulics, Alexandria University |
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Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107267 10.1016/j.margeo.2018.07.015 10.1016/0025-3227(85)90046-5 10.1016/0025-3227(84)90008-2 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7 10.1007/BF02507628 10.1002/grl.50485 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.11.018 10.1007/s11069-015-2101-3 10.1080/11104929.2020.1864255 10.1029/98JC02622 10.1007/978-94-017-8801-4_386 10.1080/00022470.1984.10465866 10.5194/nhess-17-1493-2017 10.1016/j.oceano.2020.02.001 10.1016/j.margeo.2016.10.016 10.1155/2017/5251902 10.1017/CBO9780511618536 10.1130/abs/2016AM-278408 |
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Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg Springer Nature B.V Department of Oceanography,Alexandria University,Alexandria 21526,Egyptian%Department of Hydrodynamics,Coastal Research Institute,Alexandria 21514,Egyptian%Department of Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulics,Alexandria University,Alexandria 21544,Egyptian |
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Snippet | Al-Nakheel beach is located northwest of Alexandria city, Egypt, along the Mediterranean coast. During the period from 1998 to 2003, seven detached breakwaters... Al-Nakheel beach is located northwest of Alexandria city,Egypt,along the Mediterranean coast.During the period from 1998 to 2003,seven detached breakwaters... |
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SubjectTerms | Area Beaches Breakwaters Coastal erosion Current velocity Data analysis Electrical Machines and Networks Engineering Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences Hydrodynamics Machinery and Machine Elements Morphology Offshore Offshore Engineering Power Electronics Research Article Rip currents Satellite imagery Shorelines Swimming Wind data |
Title | Hydrodynamic Simulation of Rip Currents Along Al-Nakheel Beach, Alexandria, Egypt: Case Study |
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