Human energy - optimal control of disturbance rejection during constrained standing

• Published in: Journal of medical engineering & technology Vol. 27; no. 5; pp. 223 - 232
• Main Authors: M, Mihelj, M, Munih, M, Ponikvar
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Informa UK Ltd 01.09.2003; Taylor & Francis
• Subjects: Algorithms; Ankle Joint - physiology; Ankle Joint - physiopathology; Biological and medical sciences; Computer Simulation; Energy Transfer; Feedback - physiology; Humans; Lower Extremity - physiology; Lower Extremity - physiopathology; Medical sciences; Models, Biological; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology; Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology; Paraplegia - physiopathology; Paraplegia - rehabilitation; Posture - physiology; Quality Control; Stochastic Processes; Therapy, Computer-Assisted - methods
• DOI: 10.1080/0309190031000096649
• ISSN: 0309-1902

An optimal control system that enables a subject to stand without hand support in the sagittal plane was designed. The subject was considered as a double inverted pendulum structure with a voluntarily controlled degree of freedom in the upper trunk and artificially controlled degree of freedom in the ankle joints. The control system design was based on a minimization of cost function that estimated the effort of the ankle joint muscles through observation of the ground reaction force position relative to the ankle joint axis. By maintaining the centre of pressure close to the ankle joint axis the objective of the upright stance is fulfilled with minimal ankle muscle energy cost. The performance of the developed controller was evaluated in a simulation-based study. The results were compared with the responses of an unimpaired subject to different disturbances in the sagittal plane. The proposed cost function was shown to produce a reasonable approximation of human natural behaviour.