Insulin pump therapy in Type 1 pediatric patients: now and into the year 2000

• Published in: Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews Vol. 15; no. 5; pp. 338 - 352
• Main Authors: Kaufman, Francine Ratner, Halvorson, Mary, Miller, Debbie, Mackenzie, Marsha, Fisher, Lynda K., Pitukcheewanont, Pisit
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01.09.1999; Wiley
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Biological and medical sciences; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - drug therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - rehabilitation; Diabetic Ketoacidosis - prevention & control; Equipment Design; Female; glucose sensors; Hormones. Endocrine system; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable - adverse effects; Infusion Pumps, Implantable - trends; Insulin Infusion Systems - adverse effects; Insulin Infusion Systems - trends; insulin pump therapy (CSII); Manuals as Topic; Medical sciences; Patient Education as Topic; pediatric Type 1 diabetes; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Diabetics - drug therapy; Endocrinopathy; Human; Immunopathology; Technical progress; Injection pump; Autoimmune disease; Insulin; Implanted material; Chemotherapy; Treatment; Insulin dependent diabetes; Application method; Child
• ISSN: 1520-7552; 1520-7560
• DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-7560(199909/10)15:5<338::AID-DMRR57>3.0.CO;2-Y

There are a number of medical conditions such as growth failure in children, pregnancy, lipid abnormalities, and early complications that are improved by the meticulous glycemic control that can be achieved with insulin pump therapy (CSII). By using an insulin pump, many patients with severe hypoglycemia, the dawn phenomenon, extremes of glycemic excursion, recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hypoglycemia unawareness have amelioration of these problems. However, pump therapy involves problems such as weight gain, recurrent ketosis due to pump failure, infections, and risk of hypoglycemia. Owing to many developmental issues, young children may not be able to wear the pump without parental supervision. We have used the pump at night time only in these patients. This has allowed children of 7–10 years of age to benefit from improved nocturnal glycemia without the risk of pump therapy when they are without an adult to help. We have also used the pump in subjects with recurrent DKA and in our general patient population (mean age 13.6±3.9 years). In our pump cohort, CSII led to improvement in quality of life, knowledge, adherence, and responsibility. A reduction in hypoglycemia, DKA rate and mean HbA1c was associated with pump usage. For this to occur, however, pump education must be geared to the pediatric subject and his/her family. Education materials and tools help in learning how to use the pump and how to deal with the intricacies of basal and bolus dosing, and the effect of exercise, food and illness on diabetes management. The pump has improved since it was first introduced and these modifications have made it easier, more painless and less hazardous. With the development of continuous glucose sensors and implantable pumps, the next century will see pump therapy lead to the artificial pancreas. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.