Differential Expression of Immunohistochemical Markers in Ameloblastoma & Ameloblastic Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of observational studies [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]

• Published in: F1000 research Vol. 13; p. 557
• Main Authors: Mishra, Saleena, Panda, Swagatika, Mohanty, Neeta, Mishra, Swati, Gopinath, Divya, Panda, Saurav, Anil, Sukumaran
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Faculty of 1000 Ltd 2024; F1000 Research Limited; F1000 Research Ltd
• Subjects: Ameloblastoma; Ameloblastoma - metabolism; Ameloblastoma - pathology; Automation; Biomarkers, Tumor - metabolism; Cancer; Carcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; eng; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Jaw Neoplasms - metabolism; Jaw Neoplasms - pathology; Meta-analysis; Metastasis; Observational Studies as Topic; Odontogenic tumour; Ameloblastoma; Ameloblastic carcinoma; immunohistochemistry; Biomarkers; Reviews; Systematic Review; Tumors; Odontogenic tumour; Ameloblastoma; Ameloblastic carcinoma; immunohistochemistry; Biomarkers
• ISSN: 2046-1402; 2046-1402
• DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.149861.1

Background Differentiating between ameloblastoma (AB) and ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is difficult, especially when AB has atypical cytological characteristics or an uncommon clinical history. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to elucidate the differential expression of immunohistochemical markers between AB and AC. Methods We conducted a thorough search of PUBMED and SCOPUS according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify cross-sectional studies that compared the expression of immunohistochemical markers in AB and AC. We used a random-effects model to analyze the risk ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The Egger's test was used to assess publication bias. Results In total, 301 articles were identified. After excluding irrelevant titles and abstracts, 86 articles were selected for full-text review. We categorized the 41 markers into proliferative and non-proliferative markers. Among non-proliferative markers, nuclear markers were differentially expressed in AB and AC. SOX2 was the only marker that significantly differentiated AB and AC, with an RR of -0.19 (CI 0.10-0.36, I2=0). Conclusion The current evidence suggests the significance of SOX2 in differentiating between AB and AC, warranting prospective confirmation in well-defined extensive studies. We highlight the paucity of high-quality replicated studies of other markers in this field. Collaborative efforts with standardized techniques are necessary to generate clinically useful immunohistochemical markers.