An unusual combination in papaya (Carica papaya): The good (glucosinolates) and the bad (cyanogenic glycosides)

► Unusual combination of papaya glucosinolates+cyanogenic glycosides were reviewed. ► Both originate from same amino acid and synthesised via initially similar pathway. ► Glucosinolates are precusors to the human chemoprotective isothiocyanates. ► Cyanogenic glycosides potentially detrimental to hum...

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Published inJournal of food composition and analysis Vol. 29; no. 1; pp. 82 - 86
Main Authors Williams, David J., Pun, Sharon, Chaliha, Mridusmita, Scheelings, Pieter, O’Hare, Timothy
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Kidlington Elsevier Inc 01.02.2013
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Abstract ► Unusual combination of papaya glucosinolates+cyanogenic glycosides were reviewed. ► Both originate from same amino acid and synthesised via initially similar pathway. ► Glucosinolates are precusors to the human chemoprotective isothiocyanates. ► Cyanogenic glycosides potentially detrimental to human health. Glucosinolates are a group of sulphur-containing glycosides found in the plant order Brassicales which includes the Brassica vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower. When brought into contact with the plant enzymes, myrosinases, the glucosinolates break down releasing glucose and other products which serve principally in plant defence against herbivores. The most important of the products from a human nutritional viewpoint, are the isothiocyanates. These potent inducers of detoxifying enzymes bestow the distinct anti-cancer properties on these plants. Unique among tropical fruits, papaya is known to contain an abundance of one particular glucosinolate, glucotropaeolin. Other compounds that play a pivotal role in the chemical defence system of many plants are the cyanogenic glycosides. Cyanogenic glycosides are activated by plant enzymes in the event of pest attack, releasing the deterrent: toxic hydrogen cyanide. Papaya, in addition to glucosinolates, also contains low levels of cyanogenic glycosides, an unusual occurrence because it was assumed that the two classes of metabolites were mutually exclusive. Studies measuring the levels of both in the edible parts of the papaya fruit and other utilised tissues are discussed and considered in the context of potential human health ramifications.
AbstractList ► Unusual combination of papaya glucosinolates+cyanogenic glycosides were reviewed. ► Both originate from same amino acid and synthesised via initially similar pathway. ► Glucosinolates are precusors to the human chemoprotective isothiocyanates. ► Cyanogenic glycosides potentially detrimental to human health. Glucosinolates are a group of sulphur-containing glycosides found in the plant order Brassicales which includes the Brassica vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower. When brought into contact with the plant enzymes, myrosinases, the glucosinolates break down releasing glucose and other products which serve principally in plant defence against herbivores. The most important of the products from a human nutritional viewpoint, are the isothiocyanates. These potent inducers of detoxifying enzymes bestow the distinct anti-cancer properties on these plants. Unique among tropical fruits, papaya is known to contain an abundance of one particular glucosinolate, glucotropaeolin. Other compounds that play a pivotal role in the chemical defence system of many plants are the cyanogenic glycosides. Cyanogenic glycosides are activated by plant enzymes in the event of pest attack, releasing the deterrent: toxic hydrogen cyanide. Papaya, in addition to glucosinolates, also contains low levels of cyanogenic glycosides, an unusual occurrence because it was assumed that the two classes of metabolites were mutually exclusive. Studies measuring the levels of both in the edible parts of the papaya fruit and other utilised tissues are discussed and considered in the context of potential human health ramifications.
Glucosinolates are a group of sulphur-containing glycosides found in the plant order Brassicales which includes the Brassica vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower. When brought into contact with the plant enzymes, myrosinases, the glucosinolates break down releasing glucose and other products which serve principally in plant defence against herbivores. The most important of the products from a human nutritional viewpoint, are the isothiocyanates. These potent inducers of detoxifying enzymes bestow the distinct anti-cancer properties on these plants. Unique among tropical fruits, papaya is known to contain an abundance of one particular glucosinolate, glucotropaeolin. Other compounds that play a pivotal role in the chemical defence system of many plants are the cyanogenic glycosides. Cyanogenic glycosides are activated by plant enzymes in the event of pest attack, releasing the deterrent: toxic hydrogen cyanide. Papaya, in addition to glucosinolates, also contains low levels of cyanogenic glycosides, an unusual occurrence because it was assumed that the two classes of metabolites were mutually exclusive. Studies measuring the levels of both in the edible parts of the papaya fruit and other utilised tissues are discussed and considered in the context of potential human health ramifications.
Author Chaliha, Mridusmita
Williams, David J.
Pun, Sharon
O’Hare, Timothy
Scheelings, Pieter
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Issue 1
Keywords Glucotropaeolin
Benzyl isothiocyanates
Human health
Papaya
Glucosinolates
Food composition
Food safety
Carica papaya
Plant defence metabolites
Cyanogenic glycosides
Human
Sulfur compounds
Glucosinolate
Fruit
Metabolite
Health
Caricaceae
Dicotyledones
Angiospermae
Spermatophyta
Glycoside
Isothiocyanates
Food
Language English
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Snippet ► Unusual combination of papaya glucosinolates+cyanogenic glycosides were reviewed. ► Both originate from same amino acid and synthesised via initially similar...
Glucosinolates are a group of sulphur-containing glycosides found in the plant order Brassicales which includes the Brassica vegetables such as broccoli,...
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SubjectTerms anticarcinogenic activity
Benzyl isothiocyanates
Biological and medical sciences
Brassica
broccoli
cabbage
Carica papaya
cauliflower
Cyanogenic glycosides
enzymes
Food composition
Food industries
Food safety
Fruit and vegetable industries
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General aspects
glucose
Glucosinolates
Glucotropaeolin
herbivores
Human health
humans
hydrogen cyanide
isothiocyanates
metabolites
Methods of analysis, processing and quality control, regulation, standards
Papaya
papayas
pests
Plant defence metabolites
toxicity
Title An unusual combination in papaya (Carica papaya): The good (glucosinolates) and the bad (cyanogenic glycosides)
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2012.06.007
Volume 29
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