An unusual combination in papaya (Carica papaya): The good (glucosinolates) and the bad (cyanogenic glycosides)
► Unusual combination of papaya glucosinolates+cyanogenic glycosides were reviewed. ► Both originate from same amino acid and synthesised via initially similar pathway. ► Glucosinolates are precusors to the human chemoprotective isothiocyanates. ► Cyanogenic glycosides potentially detrimental to hum...
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Published in | Journal of food composition and analysis Vol. 29; no. 1; pp. 82 - 86 |
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Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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01.02.2013
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Abstract | ► Unusual combination of papaya glucosinolates+cyanogenic glycosides were reviewed. ► Both originate from same amino acid and synthesised via initially similar pathway. ► Glucosinolates are precusors to the human chemoprotective isothiocyanates. ► Cyanogenic glycosides potentially detrimental to human health.
Glucosinolates are a group of sulphur-containing glycosides found in the plant order Brassicales which includes the Brassica vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower. When brought into contact with the plant enzymes, myrosinases, the glucosinolates break down releasing glucose and other products which serve principally in plant defence against herbivores. The most important of the products from a human nutritional viewpoint, are the isothiocyanates. These potent inducers of detoxifying enzymes bestow the distinct anti-cancer properties on these plants. Unique among tropical fruits, papaya is known to contain an abundance of one particular glucosinolate, glucotropaeolin. Other compounds that play a pivotal role in the chemical defence system of many plants are the cyanogenic glycosides. Cyanogenic glycosides are activated by plant enzymes in the event of pest attack, releasing the deterrent: toxic hydrogen cyanide. Papaya, in addition to glucosinolates, also contains low levels of cyanogenic glycosides, an unusual occurrence because it was assumed that the two classes of metabolites were mutually exclusive. Studies measuring the levels of both in the edible parts of the papaya fruit and other utilised tissues are discussed and considered in the context of potential human health ramifications. |
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AbstractList | ► Unusual combination of papaya glucosinolates+cyanogenic glycosides were reviewed. ► Both originate from same amino acid and synthesised via initially similar pathway. ► Glucosinolates are precusors to the human chemoprotective isothiocyanates. ► Cyanogenic glycosides potentially detrimental to human health.
Glucosinolates are a group of sulphur-containing glycosides found in the plant order Brassicales which includes the Brassica vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower. When brought into contact with the plant enzymes, myrosinases, the glucosinolates break down releasing glucose and other products which serve principally in plant defence against herbivores. The most important of the products from a human nutritional viewpoint, are the isothiocyanates. These potent inducers of detoxifying enzymes bestow the distinct anti-cancer properties on these plants. Unique among tropical fruits, papaya is known to contain an abundance of one particular glucosinolate, glucotropaeolin. Other compounds that play a pivotal role in the chemical defence system of many plants are the cyanogenic glycosides. Cyanogenic glycosides are activated by plant enzymes in the event of pest attack, releasing the deterrent: toxic hydrogen cyanide. Papaya, in addition to glucosinolates, also contains low levels of cyanogenic glycosides, an unusual occurrence because it was assumed that the two classes of metabolites were mutually exclusive. Studies measuring the levels of both in the edible parts of the papaya fruit and other utilised tissues are discussed and considered in the context of potential human health ramifications. Glucosinolates are a group of sulphur-containing glycosides found in the plant order Brassicales which includes the Brassica vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower. When brought into contact with the plant enzymes, myrosinases, the glucosinolates break down releasing glucose and other products which serve principally in plant defence against herbivores. The most important of the products from a human nutritional viewpoint, are the isothiocyanates. These potent inducers of detoxifying enzymes bestow the distinct anti-cancer properties on these plants. Unique among tropical fruits, papaya is known to contain an abundance of one particular glucosinolate, glucotropaeolin. Other compounds that play a pivotal role in the chemical defence system of many plants are the cyanogenic glycosides. Cyanogenic glycosides are activated by plant enzymes in the event of pest attack, releasing the deterrent: toxic hydrogen cyanide. Papaya, in addition to glucosinolates, also contains low levels of cyanogenic glycosides, an unusual occurrence because it was assumed that the two classes of metabolites were mutually exclusive. Studies measuring the levels of both in the edible parts of the papaya fruit and other utilised tissues are discussed and considered in the context of potential human health ramifications. |
Author | Chaliha, Mridusmita Williams, David J. Pun, Sharon O’Hare, Timothy Scheelings, Pieter |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: David J. surname: Williams fullname: Williams, David J. email: david.williams@daff.qld.gov.au, david.williams@deedi.qld.gov.au organization: Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF), PO Box 156, Archerfield BC, Queensland 4108, Australia – sequence: 2 givenname: Sharon surname: Pun fullname: Pun, Sharon organization: Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF), PO Box 156, Archerfield BC, Queensland 4108, Australia – sequence: 3 givenname: Mridusmita surname: Chaliha fullname: Chaliha, Mridusmita organization: Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF), PO Box 156, Archerfield BC, Queensland 4108, Australia – sequence: 4 givenname: Pieter surname: Scheelings fullname: Scheelings, Pieter organization: Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Health, Brisbane 4108, Australia – sequence: 5 givenname: Timothy surname: O’Hare fullname: O’Hare, Timothy organization: Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia |
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Keywords | Glucotropaeolin Benzyl isothiocyanates Human health Papaya Glucosinolates Food composition Food safety Carica papaya Plant defence metabolites Cyanogenic glycosides Human Sulfur compounds Glucosinolate Fruit Metabolite Health Caricaceae Dicotyledones Angiospermae Spermatophyta Glycoside Isothiocyanates Food |
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Snippet | ► Unusual combination of papaya glucosinolates+cyanogenic glycosides were reviewed. ► Both originate from same amino acid and synthesised via initially similar... Glucosinolates are a group of sulphur-containing glycosides found in the plant order Brassicales which includes the Brassica vegetables such as broccoli,... |
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SubjectTerms | anticarcinogenic activity Benzyl isothiocyanates Biological and medical sciences Brassica broccoli cabbage Carica papaya cauliflower Cyanogenic glycosides enzymes Food composition Food industries Food safety Fruit and vegetable industries Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects glucose Glucosinolates Glucotropaeolin herbivores Human health humans hydrogen cyanide isothiocyanates metabolites Methods of analysis, processing and quality control, regulation, standards Papaya papayas pests Plant defence metabolites toxicity |
Title | An unusual combination in papaya (Carica papaya): The good (glucosinolates) and the bad (cyanogenic glycosides) |
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