Identification and formation mechanism of individual degradation products in lithium-ion batteries studied by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and atmospheric solid analysis probe mass spectrometry
Rationale Improvement of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) in terms of performance and robustness requires good understanding of the reaction processes. The analysis of the individual degradation products in LIB electrolytes and on the surface of the electrodes provides vital information in this regard....
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| Published in | Rapid communications in mass spectrometry Vol. 30; no. 15; pp. 1754 - 1762 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
15.08.2016
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
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| Abstract | Rationale
Improvement of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) in terms of performance and robustness requires good understanding of the reaction processes. The analysis of the individual degradation products in LIB electrolytes and on the surface of the electrodes provides vital information in this regard. In this study, mass spectrometric analytical methods were utilized for the identification of the individual degradation products.
Methods
The degradation products in the electrolytes recovered from cycle‐tested cells were separated by liquid chromatography (LC) and their mass spectrometric analysis was conducted by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). For identification of degradation products on the surface of electrodes, atmospheric solid analysis probe (ASAP)‐MS analysis was conducted by time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry with an ASAP probe and an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source.
Results
The degradation products in the electrolytes, namely carbonate oligomers and organophosphates, were identified simultaneously by LC/ESI‐MS. Their formation mechanisms were estimated, which explain their different compositions at different temperatures. One degradation product was found on the anode surface by ASAP‐MS, and its formation mechanism was explained similarly to those in the electrolyte.
Conclusions
The results suggest that the electrolyte degradation is correlated with the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase, which is an important factor in the performance of LIBs. We expect that further investigation of the degradation products by LC/ESI‐MS and ASAP‐MS will be helpful for studying their degradation processes in LIBs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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| AbstractList | Rationale Improvement of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) in terms of performance and robustness requires good understanding of the reaction processes. The analysis of the individual degradation products in LIB electrolytes and on the surface of the electrodes provides vital information in this regard. In this study, mass spectrometric analytical methods were utilized for the identification of the individual degradation products. Methods The degradation products in the electrolytes recovered from cycle-tested cells were separated by liquid chromatography (LC) and their mass spectrometric analysis was conducted by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). For identification of degradation products on the surface of electrodes, atmospheric solid analysis probe (ASAP)-MS analysis was conducted by time-of-flight mass spectrometry with an ASAP probe and an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source. Results The degradation products in the electrolytes, namely carbonate oligomers and organophosphates, were identified simultaneously by LC/ESI-MS. Their formation mechanisms were estimated, which explain their different compositions at different temperatures. One degradation product was found on the anode surface by ASAP-MS, and its formation mechanism was explained similarly to those in the electrolyte. Conclusions The results suggest that the electrolyte degradation is correlated with the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase, which is an important factor in the performance of LIBs. We expect that further investigation of the degradation products by LC/ESI-MS and ASAP-MS will be helpful for studying their degradation processes in LIBs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Improvement of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) in terms of performance and robustness requires good understanding of the reaction processes. The analysis of the individual degradation products in LIB electrolytes and on the surface of the electrodes provides vital information in this regard. In this study, mass spectrometric analytical methods were utilized for the identification of the individual degradation products. The degradation products in the electrolytes recovered from cycle-tested cells were separated by liquid chromatography (LC) and their mass spectrometric analysis was conducted by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). For identification of degradation products on the surface of electrodes, atmospheric solid analysis probe (ASAP)-MS analysis was conducted by time-of-flight mass spectrometry with an ASAP probe and an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source. The degradation products in the electrolytes, namely carbonate oligomers and organophosphates, were identified simultaneously by LC/ESI-MS. Their formation mechanisms were estimated, which explain their different compositions at different temperatures. One degradation product was found on the anode surface by ASAP-MS, and its formation mechanism was explained similarly to those in the electrolyte. The results suggest that the electrolyte degradation is correlated with the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase, which is an important factor in the performance of LIBs. We expect that further investigation of the degradation products by LC/ESI-MS and ASAP-MS will be helpful for studying their degradation processes in LIBs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Rationale Improvement of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) in terms of performance and robustness requires good understanding of the reaction processes. The analysis of the individual degradation products in LIB electrolytes and on the surface of the electrodes provides vital information in this regard. In this study, mass spectrometric analytical methods were utilized for the identification of the individual degradation products. Methods The degradation products in the electrolytes recovered from cycle‐tested cells were separated by liquid chromatography (LC) and their mass spectrometric analysis was conducted by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). For identification of degradation products on the surface of electrodes, atmospheric solid analysis probe (ASAP)‐MS analysis was conducted by time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry with an ASAP probe and an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source. Results The degradation products in the electrolytes, namely carbonate oligomers and organophosphates, were identified simultaneously by LC/ESI‐MS. Their formation mechanisms were estimated, which explain their different compositions at different temperatures. One degradation product was found on the anode surface by ASAP‐MS, and its formation mechanism was explained similarly to those in the electrolyte. Conclusions The results suggest that the electrolyte degradation is correlated with the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase, which is an important factor in the performance of LIBs. We expect that further investigation of the degradation products by LC/ESI‐MS and ASAP‐MS will be helpful for studying their degradation processes in LIBs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
| Author | Liu, Yi-Hung Saito, Yuria Morimura, Wataru Takeda, Sahori Sakai, Tetsuo |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sahori surname: Takeda fullname: Takeda, Sahori email: : S. Takeda, Research Institute of Electrochemical Energy, Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan., takeda-s@aist.go.jp organization: Research Institute of Electrochemical Energy, Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, 563-8577, Osaka, Japan – sequence: 2 givenname: Wataru surname: Morimura fullname: Morimura, Wataru organization: Research Institute of Electrochemical Energy, Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, 563-8577, Osaka, Japan – sequence: 3 givenname: Yi-Hung surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Yi-Hung organization: Research Institute of Electrochemical Energy, Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, 563-8577, Osaka, Japan – sequence: 4 givenname: Tetsuo surname: Sakai fullname: Sakai, Tetsuo organization: Research Institute of Electrochemical Energy, Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, 563-8577, Osaka, Japan – sequence: 5 givenname: Yuria surname: Saito fullname: Saito, Yuria organization: Research Institute of Electrochemical Energy, Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, 563-8577, Osaka, Japan |
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| Title | Identification and formation mechanism of individual degradation products in lithium-ion batteries studied by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and atmospheric solid analysis probe mass spectrometry |
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