Five decades of terrestrial and freshwater research at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard

For more than five decades, research has been conducted at Ny-Ålesund, in Svalbard, Norway, to understand the structure and functioning of High-Arctic ecosystems and the profound impacts on them of environmental change. Terrestrial, freshwater, glacial and marine ecosystems are accessible year-round...

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Published inPolar research Vol. 41; pp. 1 - 39
Main Authors Pedersen, Å.Ø., Convey, P., Newsham, K.K., Mosbacher, J.B., Fuglei, E., Ravolainen, V., Hansen, B.B., Jensen, T.C., Augusti, A., Biersma, E.M., Cooper, E.J., Coulson, S.J., Gabrielsen, G.W., Gallet, J.C., Karsten, U., Kristiansen, S.M., Svenning, M.M., Tveit, A.T., Uchida, M., Baneschi, I., Calizza, E., Cannone, N., de Goede, E.M., Doveri, M., Elster, J., Giamberini, M.S., Hayashi, K., Lang, S.I., Lee, Y.K., Nakatsubo, T., Pasquali, V., Paulsen, I.M.G., Pedersen, C., Peng, F., Provenzale, A., Pushkareva, E., Sandström, C.A.M., Sklet, V., Stach, A., Tojo, M., Tytgat, B., Tømmervik, H., Velazquez, D., Verleyen, E., Welker, J.M., Yao, Y.-F., Loonen, M.J.J.E.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Spånga Open Academia 2022
Norwegian Polar Institute
Subjects
Anthropogenic factors
Aquatic ecosystems
Biodiversity
Biogeochemical cycle
Biogeochemical cycles
Climate change
Ecological monitoring
Ecology
ecosystem structure and functioning
Ecosystems
Ekologi
environmental change
Environmental changes
Food chains
Food webs
Fresh water
Freshwater
Freshwater ecosystems
high arctic
human impacts
Human influences
Hydrology
Inland water environment
Invertebrates
Marine ecosystems
Marine environment
Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400
Mathematics and natural scienses: 400
Microorganisms
Population dynamics
Precipitation
Soil
Taiga & tundra
Trophic levels
Trophic relationships
VDP
Arctic region
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Abstract For more than five decades, research has been conducted at Ny-Ålesund, in Svalbard, Norway, to understand the structure and functioning of High-Arctic ecosystems and the profound impacts on them of environmental change. Terrestrial, freshwater, glacial and marine ecosystems are accessible year-round from Ny-Ålesund, providing unique opportunities for interdisciplinary observational and experimental studies along physical, chemical, hydrological and climatic gradients. Here, we synthesize terrestrial and freshwater research at Ny-Ålesund and review current knowledge of biodiversity patterns, species population dynamics and interactions, ecosystem processes, biogeochemical cycles and anthropogenic impacts. There is now strong evidence of past and ongoing biotic changes caused by climate change, including negative effects on populations of many taxa and impacts of rain-on-snow events across multiple trophic levels. While species-level characteristics and responses are well understood for macro-organisms, major knowledge gaps exist for microbes, invertebrates and ecosystem-level processes. In order to fill current knowledge gaps, we recommend (1) maintaining monitoring efforts, while establishing a long-term ecosystem-based monitoring programme; (2) gaining a mechanistic understanding of environmental change impacts on processes and linkages in food webs; (3) identifying trophic interactions and cascades across ecosystems; and (4) integrating long-term data on microbial, invertebrate and freshwater communities, along with measurements of carbon and nutrient fluxes among soils, atmosphere, freshwaters and the marine environment. The synthesis here shows that the Ny-Ålesund study system has the characteristics needed to fill these gaps in knowledge, thereby enhancing our understanding of High-Arctic ecosystems and their responses to environmental variability and change.
AbstractList For more than five decades, research has been conducted at Ny-Alesund, in Svalbard, Norway, to understand the structure and functioning of High Arctic ecosystems and the profound impacts on them of environmental change. Terrestrial, freshwater, glacial and marine ecosystems are accessible year-round from Ny-Alesund, providing unique opportunities for interdisciplinary observational and experimental studies along physical, chemical, hydrological and climatic gradients. Here, we synthesize terrestrial and freshwater research at Ny-Alesund and review current knowledge of biodiversity patterns, species population dynamics and interactions, ecosystem processes, biogeochemical cycles and anthropogenic impacts. There is now strong evidence of past and ongoing biotic changes caused by climate change, including negative effects on populations of many taxa and impacts of rain-on-snow events across multiple trophic levels. While species-level characteristics and responses are well understood for macro-organisms, major knowledge gaps exist for microbes, invertebrates and ecosystem-level processes. In order to fill current knowledge gaps, we recommend (1) maintaining monitoring efforts, while establishing a longterm ecosystem-based monitoring programme; (2) gaining a mechanistic understanding of environmental change impacts on processes and linkages in food webs; (3) identifying trophic interactions and cascades across ecosystems; and (4) integrating long-term data on microbial, invertebrate and freshwater communities, along with measurements of carbon and nutrient fluxes among soils, atmosphere, freshwaters and the marine environment. The synthesis here shows that the Ny-Alesund study system has the characteristics needed to fill these gaps in knowledge, thereby enhancing our understanding of High-Arctic ecosystems and their responses to environmental variability and change.
For more than five decades, research has been conducted at Ny-Ålesund, in Svalbard, Norway, to understand the structure and functioning of High-Arctic ecosystems and the profound impacts on them of environmental change. Terrestrial, freshwater, glacial and marine ecosystems are accessible year-round from Ny-Ålesund, providing unique opportunities for interdisciplinary observational and experimental studies along physical, chemical, hydrological and climatic gradients. Here, we synthesize terrestrial and freshwater research at Ny-Ålesund and review current knowledge of biodiversity patterns, species population dynamics and interactions, ecosystem processes, biogeochemical cycles and anthropogenic impacts. There is now strong evidence of past and ongoing biotic changes caused by climate change, including negative effects on populations of many taxa and impacts of rain-on-snow events across multiple trophic levels. While species-level characteristics and responses are well understood for macro-organisms, major knowledge gaps exist for microbes, invertebrates and ecosystem-level processes. In order to fill current knowledge gaps, we recommend (1) maintaining monitoring efforts, while establishing a long-term ecosystem-based monitoring programme; (2) gaining a mechanistic understanding of environmental change impacts on processes and linkages in food webs; (3) identifying trophic interactions and cascades across ecosystems; and (4) integrating long-term data on microbial, invertebrate and freshwater communities, along with measurements of carbon and nutrient fluxes among soils, atmosphere, freshwaters and the marine environment. The synthesis here shows that the Ny-Ålesund study system has the characteristics needed to fill these gaps in knowledge, thereby enhancing our understanding of High-Arctic ecosystems and their responses to environmental variability and change.
Author Tveit, A.T.
Peng, F.
Pushkareva, E.
Verleyen, E.
Convey, P.
Jensen, T.C.
Newsham, K.K.
Loonen, M.J.J.E.
Sklet, V.
Kristiansen, S.M.
Stach, A.
Biersma, E.M.
Pedersen, Å.Ø.
Nakatsubo, T.
Tojo, M.
Lang, S.I.
Giamberini, M.S.
Pedersen, C.
Tømmervik, H.
Velazquez, D.
Yao, Y.-F.
Baneschi, I.
Lee, Y.K.
Provenzale, A.
Gallet, J.C.
Augusti, A.
de Goede, E.M.
Gabrielsen, G.W.
Pasquali, V.
Karsten, U.
Sandström, C.A.M.
Svenning, M.M.
Paulsen, I.M.G.
Uchida, M.
Tytgat, B.
Doveri, M.
Welker, J.M.
Elster, J.
Hansen, B.B.
Calizza, E.
Cannone, N.
Hayashi, K.
Ravolainen, V.
Coulson, S.J.
Fuglei, E.
Cooper, E.J.
Mosbacher, J.B.
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BackLink https://res.slu.se/id/publ/117243$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index
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Snippet For more than five decades, research has been conducted at Ny-Ålesund, in Svalbard, Norway, to understand the structure and functioning of High-Arctic...
For more than five decades, research has been conducted at Ny-Alesund, in Svalbard, Norway, to understand the structure and functioning of High Arctic...
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SubjectTerms Anthropogenic factors
Aquatic ecosystems
Biodiversity
Biogeochemical cycle
Biogeochemical cycles
Climate change
Ecological monitoring
Ecology
ecosystem structure and functioning
Ecosystems
Ekologi
environmental change
Environmental changes
Food chains
Food webs
Fresh water
Freshwater
Freshwater ecosystems
high arctic
human impacts
Human influences
Hydrology
Inland water environment
Invertebrates
Marine ecosystems
Marine environment
Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400
Mathematics and natural scienses: 400
Microorganisms
Population dynamics
Precipitation
Soil
Taiga & tundra
Trophic levels
Trophic relationships
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Title Five decades of terrestrial and freshwater research at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard
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