Making waves: The sensitivity of lakes to brownification and issues of concern in ecological status assessment

Brownification or increasing water colour is a common problem in aquatic ecosystems. It affects both physico-chemical properties and biotic communities of the impacted waters. A common view is that lakes having low background water colour are most sensitive to brownification. In this article, we sho...

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Published in	Water research (Oxford) Vol. 249; p. 120964
Main Authors	Horppila, Jukka, Nurminen, Leena, Rajala, Salla, Estlander, Satu
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	England 01.02.2024
Subjects	Animals Ecosystem Eutrophication Fishes Lakes - chemistry Phytoplankton Water Ecological status assessment Lakes DOC Sensitivity Water colour
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Abstract	Brownification or increasing water colour is a common problem in aquatic ecosystems. It affects both physico-chemical properties and biotic communities of the impacted waters. A common view is that lakes having low background water colour are most sensitive to brownification. In this article, we show that although low-colour and high-colour lakes respond differently to brownification, the effects on biotic communities can be strong irrespective of water colour. For phytoplankton production, the effect of brownification can be positive at low colour and negative at high colour, the relative effect being strongest at high colour. For fish foraging, the disturbance per increasing unit of colour may also be highest at high-colour conditions. Additionally, the presently used classification systems mostly describe the effects of eutrophication and do not account for the effects of brownification. Studies on the whole colour range of lakes are needed and indicators used in the ecological status assessment of lakes must be developed to reveal the effects of brownification. Indicators distinguishing the effects of brownification from those of eutrophication are especially needed.
AbstractList	Brownification or increasing water colour is a common problem in aquatic ecosystems. It affects both physico-chemical properties and biotic communities of the impacted waters. A common view is that lakes having low background water colour are most sensitive to brownification. In this article, we show that although low-colour and high-colour lakes respond differently to brownification, the effects on biotic communities can be strong irrespective of water colour. For phytoplankton production, the effect of brownification can be positive at low colour and negative at high colour, the relative effect being strongest at high colour. For fish foraging, the disturbance per increasing unit of colour may also be highest at high-colour conditions. Additionally, the presently used classification systems mostly describe the effects of eutrophication and do not account for the effects of brownification. Studies on the whole colour range of lakes are needed and indicators used in the ecological status assessment of lakes must be developed to reveal the effects of brownification. Indicators distinguishing the effects of brownification from those of eutrophication are especially needed.
ArticleNumber	120964
Author	Horppila, Jukka Estlander, Satu Nurminen, Leena Rajala, Salla
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Jukka surname: Horppila fullname: Horppila, Jukka email: jukka.horppila@helsinki.fi organization: Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Finland. Electronic address: jukka.horppila@helsinki.fi – sequence: 2 givenname: Leena surname: Nurminen fullname: Nurminen, Leena organization: Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Finland – sequence: 3 givenname: Salla surname: Rajala fullname: Rajala, Salla organization: Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Finland – sequence: 4 givenname: Satu surname: Estlander fullname: Estlander, Satu organization: Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Finland
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Title	Making waves: The sensitivity of lakes to brownification and issues of concern in ecological status assessment
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