Plastochron, phenology, and production of green pea in different growing seasons
ABSTRACT Pisum sativum L. is a multi-purpose crop. The duration of its vegetative and reproductive periods is determined by a combination of temperature and humidity and genotype response to these conditions. To minimize the loss of productivity due to adverse conditions in sensitive periods of the...
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Published in | Ciência e agrotecnologia Vol. 47 |
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Language | English Portuguese |
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Abstract | ABSTRACT Pisum sativum L. is a multi-purpose crop. The duration of its vegetative and reproductive periods is determined by a combination of temperature and humidity and genotype response to these conditions. To minimize the loss of productivity due to adverse conditions in sensitive periods of the crop, we evaluated the phenological development and production of Pisum sativum L. in different growing seasons. We used a randomized block design, and the experiments were conducted across five growing seasons, with four replications and eight plants per experimental unit. The variables analyzed were as follows: plastochron, number of days to start flowering, full flowering, and beginning of harvest, the accumulated thermal sum to start flowering, full flowering, and beginning of harvest, and the number of pods, pod mass, and total productivity per unit area. The analysis of variance was performed, and the mean values of the data were compared using the Scott-Knott test. Principal component analysis was also performed from Pearson’s correlation matrix of phenological and production variables. In seasons 1, 4, and 5, the plants reached full flowering earlier, and the pod mass was considerably lower, resulting in lower yields. Seasons 2 and 3 were the most productive and showed lower results for plastochron, less thermal sum until full flowering, and a shorter photoperiod, which, combined with low temperatures during the growing season, resulted in a longer cultivation cycle.
RESUMO Pisum sativum L. é uma cultura multiuso, cuja duração de seu período vegetativo e reprodutivo é determinada pela combinação de temperatura, umidade e resposta do genótipo a essas condições. Diante do exposto, visando minimizar as perdas de produtividade por condições adversas em períodos sensíveis da cultura, o objetivo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento fenológico e a produção de Pisum sativum L. em diferentes épocas de cultivo. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco estações de cultivo, quatro repetições e oito plantas por unidade experimental. As variáveis analisadas foram: plastocrono, número de dias para início da floração, plena floração e início da colheita, soma térmica acumulada para início da floração, plena floração e início da colheita, número de vagens, massa de vagens e produtividade total por unidade de área. A análise de variância foi realizada e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott Knott. Também foi realizada a análise de componentes principais da matriz de correlação de Pearson’s das variáveis fenológicas e de produção. Nas estações 1, 4 e 5, as plantas atingiram a plena floração mais cedo e a massa de vagens foi consideravelmente menor, resultando em menores rendimentos. As estações 2 e 3 foram as mais produtivas e apresentaram menores resultados para o plastocrono, menor soma térmica até a plena floração e fotoperíodo mais curto, o que aliado às baixas temperaturas durante o ciclo vegetativo, resultou em um ciclo de cultivo mais longo. |
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AbstractList | ABSTRACT Pisum sativum L. is a multi-purpose crop. The duration of its vegetative and reproductive periods is determined by a combination of temperature and humidity and genotype response to these conditions. To minimize the loss of productivity due to adverse conditions in sensitive periods of the crop, we evaluated the phenological development and production of Pisum sativum L. in different growing seasons. We used a randomized block design, and the experiments were conducted across five growing seasons, with four replications and eight plants per experimental unit. The variables analyzed were as follows: plastochron, number of days to start flowering, full flowering, and beginning of harvest, the accumulated thermal sum to start flowering, full flowering, and beginning of harvest, and the number of pods, pod mass, and total productivity per unit area. The analysis of variance was performed, and the mean values of the data were compared using the Scott-Knott test. Principal component analysis was also performed from Pearson’s correlation matrix of phenological and production variables. In seasons 1, 4, and 5, the plants reached full flowering earlier, and the pod mass was considerably lower, resulting in lower yields. Seasons 2 and 3 were the most productive and showed lower results for plastochron, less thermal sum until full flowering, and a shorter photoperiod, which, combined with low temperatures during the growing season, resulted in a longer cultivation cycle.
RESUMO Pisum sativum L. é uma cultura multiuso, cuja duração de seu período vegetativo e reprodutivo é determinada pela combinação de temperatura, umidade e resposta do genótipo a essas condições. Diante do exposto, visando minimizar as perdas de produtividade por condições adversas em períodos sensíveis da cultura, o objetivo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento fenológico e a produção de Pisum sativum L. em diferentes épocas de cultivo. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco estações de cultivo, quatro repetições e oito plantas por unidade experimental. As variáveis analisadas foram: plastocrono, número de dias para início da floração, plena floração e início da colheita, soma térmica acumulada para início da floração, plena floração e início da colheita, número de vagens, massa de vagens e produtividade total por unidade de área. A análise de variância foi realizada e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott Knott. Também foi realizada a análise de componentes principais da matriz de correlação de Pearson’s das variáveis fenológicas e de produção. Nas estações 1, 4 e 5, as plantas atingiram a plena floração mais cedo e a massa de vagens foi consideravelmente menor, resultando em menores rendimentos. As estações 2 e 3 foram as mais produtivas e apresentaram menores resultados para o plastocrono, menor soma térmica até a plena floração e fotoperíodo mais curto, o que aliado às baixas temperaturas durante o ciclo vegetativo, resultou em um ciclo de cultivo mais longo. ABSTRACT Pisum sativum L. is a multi-purpose crop. The duration of its vegetative and reproductive periods is determined by a combination of temperature and humidity and genotype response to these conditions. To minimize the loss of productivity due to adverse conditions in sensitive periods of the crop, we evaluated the phenological development and production of Pisum sativum L. in different growing seasons. We used a randomized block design, and the experiments were conducted across five growing seasons, with four replications and eight plants per experimental unit. The variables analyzed were as follows: plastochron, number of days to start flowering, full flowering, and beginning of harvest, the accumulated thermal sum to start flowering, full flowering, and beginning of harvest, and the number of pods, pod mass, and total productivity per unit area. The analysis of variance was performed, and the mean values of the data were compared using the Scott-Knott test. Principal component analysis was also performed from Pearson’s correlation matrix of phenological and production variables. In seasons 1, 4, and 5, the plants reached full flowering earlier, and the pod mass was considerably lower, resulting in lower yields. Seasons 2 and 3 were the most productive and showed lower results for plastochron, less thermal sum until full flowering, and a shorter photoperiod, which, combined with low temperatures during the growing season, resulted in a longer cultivation cycle. |
Author | Diel, Maria Inês Lambrecht, Darlei Michalski Lucio, Alessandro Dal’Col Tischler, André Luís Peripolli, Mariane Sgarbossa, Jaqueline |
AuthorAffiliation | Universidade Federal do Pampa Universidade Federal de Santa Maria |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – name: Universidade Federal do Pampa |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Darlei Michalski orcidid: 0000-0002-1376-3504 surname: Lambrecht fullname: Lambrecht, Darlei Michalski organization: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria/UFSM, Brazil – sequence: 2 givenname: Maria Inês orcidid: 0000-0002-7905-2166 surname: Diel fullname: Diel, Maria Inês organization: Universidade Federal do Pampa/UNIPAMPA, Brazil – sequence: 3 givenname: Alessandro Dal’Col orcidid: 0000-0003-0761-4200 surname: Lucio fullname: Lucio, Alessandro Dal’Col organization: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria/UFSM, Brazil – sequence: 4 givenname: André Luís orcidid: 0000-0002-0112-9311 surname: Tischler fullname: Tischler, André Luís organization: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria/UFSM, Brazil – sequence: 5 givenname: Jaqueline orcidid: 0000-0001-7541-090X surname: Sgarbossa fullname: Sgarbossa, Jaqueline organization: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria/UFSM, Brazil – sequence: 6 givenname: Mariane orcidid: 0000-0002-2147-9458 surname: Peripolli fullname: Peripolli, Mariane organization: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria/UFSM, Brazil |
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Keywords | Pisum sativum L development soma térmica número de nós number of nodes temperature desenvolvimento temperatura thermal sum |
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Snippet | ABSTRACT Pisum sativum L. is a multi-purpose crop. The duration of its vegetative and reproductive periods is determined by a combination of temperature and... |
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SubjectTerms | AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY development number of nodes Pisum sativum L temperature thermal sum |
Title | Plastochron, phenology, and production of green pea in different growing seasons |
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