The effect of water hardness on atopic eczema, skin barrier function: A systematic review, meta‐analysis

• Published in: Clinical and experimental allergy Vol. 51; no. 3; pp. 430 - 451
• Main Authors: Jabbar‐Lopez, Zarif K., Ung, Chuin Ying, Alexander, Helen, Gurung, Nikeeta, Chalmers, Joanne, Danby, Simon, Cork, Michael J., Peacock, Janet L., Flohr, Carsten
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.03.2021
• Subjects: Animals; Atopy; Calcium Carbonate; Children; Clinical trials; Dermatitis, Atopic - epidemiology; Dermatitis, Atopic - physiopathology; Detergents; Eczema; Humans; Inflammation; Meta-analysis; Severity of Illness Index; Skin; Skin - chemistry; Skin - physiopathology; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Sodium lauryl sulfate; Surface-Active Agents; Water - chemistry; Water hardness; Water Softening

Background Hard domestic water has been reported to worsen atopic eczema (AE) and may contribute to its development in early life. Objective To review the literature on the relationship between the effect of water hardness (high calcium carbonate; CaCO3) on (a) the risk of developing AE, (b) the tre...