Nitrous oxide emissions from tea garden soil following the addition of urea and rapeseed cake

Purpose Tea gardens, being a key agroecosystem type, are an important source of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. However, main factors that regulate N 2 O emissions following urea and organic matter amendments have yet to be clarified. Materials and methods To investigate the influence of different...

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Published in	Journal of soils and sediments Vol. 20; no. 9; pp. 3330 - 3339
Main Authors	Yu, Jialuo, Lin, Shan, Shaaban, Muhammad, Ju, Wenliang, Fang, Linchuan
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.09.2020 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects	Agricultural ecosystems agroecosystems Biological fertilization Brassica napus Earth and Environmental Science Emission measurements Environment Environmental Physics Experiments Fertilization Fertilizers gardens Gardens & gardening Incubation period Limiting factors microbial carbon Microorganisms nitrogen fertilizers Nitrous oxide Organic matter Rapeseed rapeseed cake Sec 1 • Soil Organic Matter Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling • Research Article Soil Soil Science & Conservation Soils Tea Urea Microbial biomass carbon Urea O emissions Rapeseed cake Tea garden ecosystem N
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Abstract	Purpose Tea gardens, being a key agroecosystem type, are an important source of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. However, main factors that regulate N 2 O emissions following urea and organic matter amendments have yet to be clarified. Materials and methods To investigate the influence of different fertilization management measures on N 2 O emissions in tea garden soil, a 50-day laboratory incubation experiment was conducted. Five treatments were designed for this experiment: control (CK), urea (U), rapeseed cake (R), urea + rapeseed cake (2:1, UR1), and urea + rapeseed cake (1:2, UR2). Results and discussion N 2 O emission flux in the R treatment peaked at 14.12 μg kg −1 h −1 on day 19, which occurred later than the UR1, UR2, and U treatments. Cumulative N 2 O emissions from the R and UR2 treatments were 6073 and 4296 μg kg −1 , respectively, which were greater by a factor of 11.2 and 7.9, respectively, compared to the U treatment. Moreover, N 2 O emissions of the UR1 and UR2 treatments were significantly lower than the R treatment. Additionally, N 2 O emissions were also significantly positively correlated to pH levels and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content. MBC content had the most direct and greatest influence on soil N 2 O emissions, indicating that MBC could be the key limiting factor for N 2 O emissions in this experiment. Conclusions A single application of rapeseed cake caused an increase in N 2 O emissions, whereas the combined application of rapeseed cake and a synthetic N fertilizer (urea) caused a decrease in N 2 O emissions. Results from this study offer potential strategies to mitigate soil N 2 O emissions from tea garden agroecosystems through improved field fertilization management.
AbstractList	PURPOSE: Tea gardens, being a key agroecosystem type, are an important source of nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. However, main factors that regulate N₂O emissions following urea and organic matter amendments have yet to be clarified. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To investigate the influence of different fertilization management measures on N₂O emissions in tea garden soil, a 50-day laboratory incubation experiment was conducted. Five treatments were designed for this experiment: control (CK), urea (U), rapeseed cake (R), urea + rapeseed cake (2:1, UR1), and urea + rapeseed cake (1:2, UR2). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: N₂O emission flux in the R treatment peaked at 14.12 μg kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ on day 19, which occurred later than the UR1, UR2, and U treatments. Cumulative N₂O emissions from the R and UR2 treatments were 6073 and 4296 μg kg⁻¹, respectively, which were greater by a factor of 11.2 and 7.9, respectively, compared to the U treatment. Moreover, N₂O emissions of the UR1 and UR2 treatments were significantly lower than the R treatment. Additionally, N₂O emissions were also significantly positively correlated to pH levels and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content. MBC content had the most direct and greatest influence on soil N₂O emissions, indicating that MBC could be the key limiting factor for N₂O emissions in this experiment. CONCLUSIONS: A single application of rapeseed cake caused an increase in N₂O emissions, whereas the combined application of rapeseed cake and a synthetic N fertilizer (urea) caused a decrease in N₂O emissions. Results from this study offer potential strategies to mitigate soil N₂O emissions from tea garden agroecosystems through improved field fertilization management. PurposeTea gardens, being a key agroecosystem type, are an important source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. However, main factors that regulate N2O emissions following urea and organic matter amendments have yet to be clarified.Materials and methodsTo investigate the influence of different fertilization management measures on N2O emissions in tea garden soil, a 50-day laboratory incubation experiment was conducted. Five treatments were designed for this experiment: control (CK), urea (U), rapeseed cake (R), urea + rapeseed cake (2:1, UR1), and urea + rapeseed cake (1:2, UR2).Results and discussionN2O emission flux in the R treatment peaked at 14.12 μg kg−1 h−1 on day 19, which occurred later than the UR1, UR2, and U treatments. Cumulative N2O emissions from the R and UR2 treatments were 6073 and 4296 μg kg−1, respectively, which were greater by a factor of 11.2 and 7.9, respectively, compared to the U treatment. Moreover, N2O emissions of the UR1 and UR2 treatments were significantly lower than the R treatment. Additionally, N2O emissions were also significantly positively correlated to pH levels and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content. MBC content had the most direct and greatest influence on soil N2O emissions, indicating that MBC could be the key limiting factor for N2O emissions in this experiment.ConclusionsA single application of rapeseed cake caused an increase in N2O emissions, whereas the combined application of rapeseed cake and a synthetic N fertilizer (urea) caused a decrease in N2O emissions. Results from this study offer potential strategies to mitigate soil N2O emissions from tea garden agroecosystems through improved field fertilization management. Purpose Tea gardens, being a key agroecosystem type, are an important source of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. However, main factors that regulate N 2 O emissions following urea and organic matter amendments have yet to be clarified. Materials and methods To investigate the influence of different fertilization management measures on N 2 O emissions in tea garden soil, a 50-day laboratory incubation experiment was conducted. Five treatments were designed for this experiment: control (CK), urea (U), rapeseed cake (R), urea + rapeseed cake (2:1, UR1), and urea + rapeseed cake (1:2, UR2). Results and discussion N 2 O emission flux in the R treatment peaked at 14.12 μg kg −1 h −1 on day 19, which occurred later than the UR1, UR2, and U treatments. Cumulative N 2 O emissions from the R and UR2 treatments were 6073 and 4296 μg kg −1 , respectively, which were greater by a factor of 11.2 and 7.9, respectively, compared to the U treatment. Moreover, N 2 O emissions of the UR1 and UR2 treatments were significantly lower than the R treatment. Additionally, N 2 O emissions were also significantly positively correlated to pH levels and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content. MBC content had the most direct and greatest influence on soil N 2 O emissions, indicating that MBC could be the key limiting factor for N 2 O emissions in this experiment. Conclusions A single application of rapeseed cake caused an increase in N 2 O emissions, whereas the combined application of rapeseed cake and a synthetic N fertilizer (urea) caused a decrease in N 2 O emissions. Results from this study offer potential strategies to mitigate soil N 2 O emissions from tea garden agroecosystems through improved field fertilization management.
Author	Yu, Jialuo Shaaban, Muhammad Ju, Wenliang Fang, Linchuan Lin, Shan
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Jialuo surname: Yu fullname: Yu, Jialuo organization: State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 2 givenname: Shan surname: Lin fullname: Lin, Shan organization: Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University – sequence: 3 givenname: Muhammad surname: Shaaban fullname: Shaaban, Muhammad organization: Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University – sequence: 4 givenname: Wenliang surname: Ju fullname: Ju, Wenliang organization: State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 5 givenname: Linchuan orcidid: 0000-0003-1923-7908 surname: Fang fullname: Fang, Linchuan email: flinc629@hotmail.com organization: State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Keywords	Microbial biomass carbon Urea O emissions Rapeseed cake Tea garden ecosystem N
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Snippet	Purpose Tea gardens, being a key agroecosystem type, are an important source of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. However, main factors that regulate N 2 O... PurposeTea gardens, being a key agroecosystem type, are an important source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. However, main factors that regulate N2O emissions... PURPOSE: Tea gardens, being a key agroecosystem type, are an important source of nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. However, main factors that regulate N₂O...
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SubjectTerms	Agricultural ecosystems agroecosystems Biological fertilization Brassica napus Earth and Environmental Science Emission measurements Environment Environmental Physics Experiments Fertilization Fertilizers gardens Gardens & gardening Incubation period Limiting factors microbial carbon Microorganisms nitrogen fertilizers Nitrous oxide Organic matter Rapeseed rapeseed cake Sec 1 • Soil Organic Matter Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling • Research Article Soil Soil Science & Conservation Soils Tea Urea
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Title	Nitrous oxide emissions from tea garden soil following the addition of urea and rapeseed cake
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