Intramuscular Nanofat Injection Promotes Inflammation-Induced Gastrocnemius Regeneration in a Syngeneic Rat Sciatic Nerve Injury Model

Mechanical emulsification of adipose tissue to concentrate protein and stromal cell components (ie, nanofat) has gained considerable interest in clinical practice. Although the regenerative potential of nanofat has largely been used in aesthetic applications, these effects have considerable potentia...

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Published inPlastic and reconstructive surgery (1963) Vol. 151; no. 6; p. 947e
Main Authors Schilling, Benjamin K, Baker, Jocelyn S, Komatsu, Chiaki, Turer, David M, Bengur, Fuat Baris, Nerone, W Vincent, Qin, Feng, Cottrill, Adam R, Kokai, Lauren E, Rubin, J Peter, Marra, Kacey G
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LanguageEnglish
Published United States 01.06.2023
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Abstract Mechanical emulsification of adipose tissue to concentrate protein and stromal cell components (ie, nanofat) has gained considerable interest in clinical practice. Although the regenerative potential of nanofat has largely been used in aesthetic applications, these effects have considerable potential in reconstruction as well. Here, the authors investigated the therapeutic properties of nanofat injected directly into the denervated gastrocnemius after a sciatic nerve injury in Lewis rats. Muscle denervation was induced by transecting and immediately repairing the sciatic nerve. Inguinal and subcutaneous adipose was harvested from donor rodents, processed into nanofat, and then injected intramuscularly into the gastrocnemius. Gait analysis was performed weekly. Rodents were euthanized at 9 and 12 weeks, after which tetanic contraction force was measured, and gene expression, histology, and cytokine multiplexing were performed. Intramuscular injection of nanofat significantly increased maximum tetanic force generation at 9 and 12 weeks. The forces of the nanofat-injected gastrocnemii were better correlated to their contralateral gastrocnemii relative to controls. Muscle repair-associated inflammatory gene expressions were significantly up-regulated in nanofat-injected gastrocnemii. Cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, vascular endothelial growth factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 were significantly higher in nanofat-injected gastrocnemii relative to control gastrocnemii, and the tetanic force was linearly and significantly correlated to IL-1β and IL-18 and their interacting effects. Intramuscular injection of emulsified adipose tissue (nanofat) significantly increased gastrocnemii contraction force after sciatic nerve injury, with prolonged reconstructive inflammation by means of CD68, inducible nitric oxide synthase, IL-1β, and IL-18 all being potential mechanisms for this recovery. This application could potentially increase the therapeutic breadth of nanofat to include muscular recovery after nerve injury. The authors' study investigates a clinically translatable therapy to mitigate muscle atrophy after nerve injury.
AbstractList Mechanical emulsification of adipose tissue to concentrate protein and stromal cell components (ie, nanofat) has gained considerable interest in clinical practice. Although the regenerative potential of nanofat has largely been used in aesthetic applications, these effects have considerable potential in reconstruction as well. Here, the authors investigated the therapeutic properties of nanofat injected directly into the denervated gastrocnemius after a sciatic nerve injury in Lewis rats. Muscle denervation was induced by transecting and immediately repairing the sciatic nerve. Inguinal and subcutaneous adipose was harvested from donor rodents, processed into nanofat, and then injected intramuscularly into the gastrocnemius. Gait analysis was performed weekly. Rodents were euthanized at 9 and 12 weeks, after which tetanic contraction force was measured, and gene expression, histology, and cytokine multiplexing were performed. Intramuscular injection of nanofat significantly increased maximum tetanic force generation at 9 and 12 weeks. The forces of the nanofat-injected gastrocnemii were better correlated to their contralateral gastrocnemii relative to controls. Muscle repair-associated inflammatory gene expressions were significantly up-regulated in nanofat-injected gastrocnemii. Cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, vascular endothelial growth factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 were significantly higher in nanofat-injected gastrocnemii relative to control gastrocnemii, and the tetanic force was linearly and significantly correlated to IL-1β and IL-18 and their interacting effects. Intramuscular injection of emulsified adipose tissue (nanofat) significantly increased gastrocnemii contraction force after sciatic nerve injury, with prolonged reconstructive inflammation by means of CD68, inducible nitric oxide synthase, IL-1β, and IL-18 all being potential mechanisms for this recovery. This application could potentially increase the therapeutic breadth of nanofat to include muscular recovery after nerve injury. The authors' study investigates a clinically translatable therapy to mitigate muscle atrophy after nerve injury.
Author Kokai, Lauren E
Marra, Kacey G
Komatsu, Chiaki
Baker, Jocelyn S
Turer, David M
Bengur, Fuat Baris
Qin, Feng
Schilling, Benjamin K
Nerone, W Vincent
Cottrill, Adam R
Rubin, J Peter
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Snippet Mechanical emulsification of adipose tissue to concentrate protein and stromal cell components (ie, nanofat) has gained considerable interest in clinical...
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StartPage 947e
SubjectTerms Animals
Cytokines
Injections, Intramuscular
Interleukin-18
Nerve Regeneration - physiology
Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Rats
Rats, Inbred Lew
Sciatic Nerve - injuries
Sciatic Neuropathy
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
Title Intramuscular Nanofat Injection Promotes Inflammation-Induced Gastrocnemius Regeneration in a Syngeneic Rat Sciatic Nerve Injury Model
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36728782
Volume 151
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