Abundances and Charge States of Heavy Ions in ICMEs Highly Related to Speed and Solar Activity

• Published in: The Astrophysical journal Vol. 900; no. 2; pp. 123 - 131
• Main Authors: Gu, Chaoran, Yao, Shuo, Dai, Lei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Philadelphia The American Astronomical Society 01.09.2020; IOP Publishing
• Subjects: Abundance; Astrophysics; Carbon; Charge distribution; Charged particles; Coronal mass ejection; Correlation coefficient; Correlation coefficients; Heavy ions; Ions; Iron; Low speed; Magnetic fields; Normal distribution; Oxygen; Oxygen ions; Solar activity; Solar coronal mass ejections; Solar cycle; Solar magnetic field; Solar maximum; Solar minimum; Solar wind; Spacecraft; Statistical analysis; Sunspot cycle; Sunspot numbers; Sunspots; Variance analysis
• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aba7b8
• ISSN: 0004-637X

This statistical work studies the abundances and the charge states of the carbon, oxygen, and iron ions in 281 interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) measured at 1 au by ACE spacecraft from 1998 to 2011. The Gaussian distribution test is applied, and the analysis of variance is used to quantify the similarity between two distributions of ionic charge states and abundances. The correlation coefficient is calculated to reveal the dependence of the abundances and the mean charge of heavy ions on the solar activity. The results show that the mean charge, the abundance, and the speed at 1 au are highly related to the sunspot number (SN). The O7+/O6+ shows statistical difference between the high speed and the low speed groups of ICMEs. Different from the cold materials inside ICMEs, the mean charge of carbon ions shows a positive relation to that of oxygen ions. The Mg/O in the studied ICMEs are much higher than that in the solar wind. Three types of charge distribution of C, O, and Fe ions are summarized. The fraction of each of the three types is related to the solar minimum or the solar maximum. The mean charge and the flux of oxygen ions show quasi-linear relations to the SN during solar minimum, and show fluctuations during maximum. The results reveal that the solar activity, which represents the solar magnetic field status by nature, controls the composition of heavy ions in ICMEs.