The Ties That Double Bind: Social Roles and Women's Underrepresentation in Politics

• Published in: The American political science review Vol. 112; no. 3; pp. 525 - 541
• Main Authors: TEELE, DAWN LANGAN, KALLA, JOSHUA, ROSENBLUTH, FRANCES
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, USA Cambridge University Press 01.08.2018
• Subjects: Aspiration; Bias; Candidates; Discrimination; Disproportionate Representation; Double standards; Election results; Elites; Ethnic Groups; Evidence; Expectations; Experiments; Families & family life; Female roles; Females; Gender; Gender Discrimination; Government Employees; Hostility; Households; Housework; Human subjects; Males; Marginality; Marital status; Negative campaigning; Partisanship; Political campaigns; Political Candidates; Political parties; Political science; Politicians; Politics; Polls & surveys; Preferences; Presidential elections; Primaries & caucuses; Profiles; Public Officials; Representation; Research Design; Respondents; Roles; Same sex marriage; Sex Stereotypes; Social roles; Social sciences; Voters; Women; United States > US; California

This paper theorizes three forms of bias that might limit women's representation: outright hostility, double standards, and a double bind whereby desired traits present bigger burdens for women than men. We examine these forms of bias using conjoint experiments derived from several original sur...