A retrospective study of intravenous pentamidine for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis in adult patients with hematologic malignancies—its utility during respiratory virus pandemics

•In hematology, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis is recommended for selected patients.•Intravenous pentamidine is a potential alternative agent.•A total of 202 unique patients received 239 courses of intravenous pentamidine 4 mg/kg (maximum 300 mg).•There was no breakthrough P. jirovecii...

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Published inInternational journal of infectious diseases Vol. 143; p. 107059
Main Authors Liew, Yi Xin, Ho, Aloysius Yew Leng, Wong, Gee Chuan, Chung, Shimin Jasmine, Tan, Thuan Tong, Tan, Ban Hock
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2024
Elsevier
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Abstract •In hematology, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis is recommended for selected patients.•Intravenous pentamidine is a potential alternative agent.•A total of 202 unique patients received 239 courses of intravenous pentamidine 4 mg/kg (maximum 300 mg).•There was no breakthrough P. jirovecii pneumonia infection or adverse effects. In hematology, prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is recommended for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and in selected categories of intensive chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the recommended first-line agent; however, its use is not straightforward. Inhaled pentamidine is the recommended second-line agent; however, aerosolized medications were discouraged during respiratory virus outbreaks, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, in view of potential contamination risks. Intravenous (IV) pentamidine is a potential alternative agent. We evaluated the effectiveness and tolerability of IV pentamidine use for PCP prophylaxis in adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients and patients with hematologic malignancies during COVID-19. A total of 202 unique patients who received 239 courses of IV pentamidine, with a median of three doses received (1-29). The largest group of the patients (49.5%) who received IV pentamidine were undergoing or had received a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The most common reason for not using TMP-SMX prophylaxis was cytopenia (34.7%). We have no patients who had breakthrough PCP infection while on IV pentamidine. None of the patients developed an infusion reaction or experienced adverse effects from IV pentamidine. Pentamidine administered IV monthly is safe and effective.
AbstractList Objectives: In hematology, prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is recommended for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and in selected categories of intensive chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the recommended first-line agent; however, its use is not straightforward. Inhaled pentamidine is the recommended second-line agent; however, aerosolized medications were discouraged during respiratory virus outbreaks, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, in view of potential contamination risks. Intravenous (IV) pentamidine is a potential alternative agent. We evaluated the effectiveness and tolerability of IV pentamidine use for PCP prophylaxis in adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients and patients with hematologic malignancies during COVID-19. Results: A total of 202 unique patients who received 239 courses of IV pentamidine, with a median of three doses received (1-29). The largest group of the patients (49.5%) who received IV pentamidine were undergoing or had received a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The most common reason for not using TMP-SMX prophylaxis was cytopenia (34.7%). We have no patients who had breakthrough PCP infection while on IV pentamidine. None of the patients developed an infusion reaction or experienced adverse effects from IV pentamidine. Conclusions: Pentamidine administered IV monthly is safe and effective.
•In hematology, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis is recommended for selected patients.•Intravenous pentamidine is a potential alternative agent.•A total of 202 unique patients received 239 courses of intravenous pentamidine 4 mg/kg (maximum 300 mg).•There was no breakthrough P. jirovecii pneumonia infection or adverse effects. In hematology, prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is recommended for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and in selected categories of intensive chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the recommended first-line agent; however, its use is not straightforward. Inhaled pentamidine is the recommended second-line agent; however, aerosolized medications were discouraged during respiratory virus outbreaks, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, in view of potential contamination risks. Intravenous (IV) pentamidine is a potential alternative agent. We evaluated the effectiveness and tolerability of IV pentamidine use for PCP prophylaxis in adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients and patients with hematologic malignancies during COVID-19. A total of 202 unique patients who received 239 courses of IV pentamidine, with a median of three doses received (1-29). The largest group of the patients (49.5%) who received IV pentamidine were undergoing or had received a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The most common reason for not using TMP-SMX prophylaxis was cytopenia (34.7%). We have no patients who had breakthrough PCP infection while on IV pentamidine. None of the patients developed an infusion reaction or experienced adverse effects from IV pentamidine. Pentamidine administered IV monthly is safe and effective.
OBJECTIVESIn hematology, prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is recommended for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and in selected categories of intensive chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the recommended first-line agent; however, its use is not straightforward. Inhaled pentamidine is the recommended second-line agent; however, aerosolized medications were discouraged during respiratory virus outbreaks, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, in view of potential contamination risks. Intravenous (IV) pentamidine is a potential alternative agent. We evaluated the effectiveness and tolerability of IV pentamidine use for PCP prophylaxis in adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients and patients with hematologic malignancies during COVID-19.RESULTSA total of 202 unique patients who received 239 courses of IV pentamidine, with a median of three doses received (1-29). The largest group of the patients (49.5%) who received IV pentamidine were undergoing or had received a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The most common reason for not using TMP-SMX prophylaxis was cytopenia (34.7%). We have no patients who had breakthrough PCP infection while on IV pentamidine. None of the patients developed an infusion reaction or experienced adverse effects from IV pentamidine.CONCLUSIONSPentamidine administered IV monthly is safe and effective.
ArticleNumber 107059
Author Tan, Ban Hock
Ho, Aloysius Yew Leng
Tan, Thuan Tong
Liew, Yi Xin
Wong, Gee Chuan
Chung, Shimin Jasmine
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  organization: Singhealth Duke-NUS Transplant Centre, Singapore
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10.1093/jac/dkw157
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10.1093/clinids/9.Supplement_2.S218
10.1002/pbc.21287
10.1007/s00281-018-0724-7
10.7326/0003-4819-103-5-782
10.1111/j.1365-2125.1995.tb04451.x
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OBJECTIVESIn hematology, prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is recommended for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation...
Objectives: In hematology, prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is recommended for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell...
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Title A retrospective study of intravenous pentamidine for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis in adult patients with hematologic malignancies—its utility during respiratory virus pandemics
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