The multipotent thidiazuron: A mechanistic overview of its roles in callogenesis and other plant cultures in vitro

Thidiazuron (TDZ) is an active substituted phenyl urea compound that has found a significant role as a plant growth regulator. The most exciting aspect of its function is that it can mimic auxins and cytokinin but is chemically different from these two. Many theories have been put forward, and exper...

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Published inBiotechnology and applied biochemistry Vol. 69; no. 6; p. 2624
Main Authors Ali, Haroon Muhammad, Khan, Tariq, Khan, Mubarak Ali, Ullah, Nazif
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States 01.12.2022
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Abstract Thidiazuron (TDZ) is an active substituted phenyl urea compound that has found a significant role as a plant growth regulator. The most exciting aspect of its function is that it can mimic auxins and cytokinin but is chemically different from these two. Many theories have been put forward, and experiments performed to understand the mode of action of TDZ in callogenesis. One suggested mechanism presents that it works by inhibiting the cytokinin degrading enzymes that compete with cytokinin for an active site on the enzyme. An example is the TDZ-induced suppressed expression of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis genes encoding GA3 and GA20 oxidases. This is entailed with a slightly increased expression of GA catabolism genes encoding GA20 oxidase. Similarly, one of the recommendations is that TDZ induces the expression of specific genes and transcription regulatory sequences that are either responsible directly for callus formation or in turn induce other auxins or cytokinin for callogenesis. There is no concise review available that discusses the details of TDZ-induced callus, specifically and other in vitro cultures in general. This review is an attempt to explore all these pathways and mechanisms involved in callogenesis in plants stimulated by TDZ.
AbstractList Thidiazuron (TDZ) is an active substituted phenyl urea compound that has found a significant role as a plant growth regulator. The most exciting aspect of its function is that it can mimic auxins and cytokinin but is chemically different from these two. Many theories have been put forward, and experiments performed to understand the mode of action of TDZ in callogenesis. One suggested mechanism presents that it works by inhibiting the cytokinin degrading enzymes that compete with cytokinin for an active site on the enzyme. An example is the TDZ-induced suppressed expression of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis genes encoding GA3 and GA20 oxidases. This is entailed with a slightly increased expression of GA catabolism genes encoding GA20 oxidase. Similarly, one of the recommendations is that TDZ induces the expression of specific genes and transcription regulatory sequences that are either responsible directly for callus formation or in turn induce other auxins or cytokinin for callogenesis. There is no concise review available that discusses the details of TDZ-induced callus, specifically and other in vitro cultures in general. This review is an attempt to explore all these pathways and mechanisms involved in callogenesis in plants stimulated by TDZ.
Author Ali, Haroon Muhammad
Khan, Mubarak Ali
Ullah, Nazif
Khan, Tariq
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  fullname: Ullah, Nazif
  organization: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Chemical Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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crossref_primary_10_3390_plants13020327
crossref_primary_10_1093_jxb_erae189
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijpb14020042
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Issue 6
Keywords cytokinin
callus
micropropagation
plant in vitro cultures
thidiazuron
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Snippet Thidiazuron (TDZ) is an active substituted phenyl urea compound that has found a significant role as a plant growth regulator. The most exciting aspect of its...
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StartPage 2624
SubjectTerms Cytokinins - metabolism
Cytokinins - pharmacology
Indoleacetic Acids
Oxidoreductases
Plant Growth Regulators - pharmacology
Plants - metabolism
Title The multipotent thidiazuron: A mechanistic overview of its roles in callogenesis and other plant cultures in vitro
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35048414
Volume 69
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