Recovery of spent LiCoO2 lithium-ion battery via environmentally friendly pyrolysis and hydrometallurgical leaching
LiCoO2 (LCO) lithium-ion battery (LIB) is rich in valuable metals (cobalt and lithium), which has high recycling value. The existing process has basically realized the extraction of cobalt, but there are still shortcomings in harmless disposal of fluorine-containing electrolyte, binder and other org...
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| Published in | Resources, conservation and recycling Vol. 176; p. 105921 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier B.V
01.01.2022
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | LiCoO2 (LCO) lithium-ion battery (LIB) is rich in valuable metals (cobalt and lithium), which has high recycling value. The existing process has basically realized the extraction of cobalt, but there are still shortcomings in harmless disposal of fluorine-containing electrolyte, binder and other organic matters, selective extraction of lithium and low-cost extraction of cobalt. In this context, a novel process was developed to realize the full-component recovery of spent LiCoO2 battery via environmentally friendly pyrolysis and hydrometallurgical leaching. The organic matters were recovered in the form of pyrolytic oil and gas, in which the harmful fluorine element was absorbed by Ca(OH)2 solution. The current collectors (copper and aluminum) were recovered after the easy separation of electrode materials due to the degradation of binders. During pyrolysis the cathode material was deconstructed and reduced under the synergistic effect of pyrolytic gas and anode graphite. Selective recovery of lithium and cobalt was achieved through carbonated water leaching and reductant-free acid leaching. The leaching efficiencies of lithium and cobalt were respectively 87.9% and 99.1% under the optimal conditions. Lithium carbonate and cobalt sulfate were obtained by evaporative crystallization, respectively. The remaining residue was only graphite without impurity entrainment. The results in this research suggest that the process consisting of pyrolysis and hydrometallurgical leaching is inexpensive, efficient, and eco-friendly for full-component recycling of spent LiCoO2 battery.
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| AbstractList | LiCoO₂ (LCO) lithium-ion battery (LIB) is rich in valuable metals (cobalt and lithium), which has high recycling value. The existing process has basically realized the extraction of cobalt, but there are still shortcomings in harmless disposal of fluorine-containing electrolyte, binder and other organic matters, selective extraction of lithium and low-cost extraction of cobalt. In this context, a novel process was developed to realize the full-component recovery of spent LiCoO₂ battery via environmentally friendly pyrolysis and hydrometallurgical leaching. The organic matters were recovered in the form of pyrolytic oil and gas, in which the harmful fluorine element was absorbed by Ca(OH)₂ solution. The current collectors (copper and aluminum) were recovered after the easy separation of electrode materials due to the degradation of binders. During pyrolysis the cathode material was deconstructed and reduced under the synergistic effect of pyrolytic gas and anode graphite. Selective recovery of lithium and cobalt was achieved through carbonated water leaching and reductant-free acid leaching. The leaching efficiencies of lithium and cobalt were respectively 87.9% and 99.1% under the optimal conditions. Lithium carbonate and cobalt sulfate were obtained by evaporative crystallization, respectively. The remaining residue was only graphite without impurity entrainment. The results in this research suggest that the process consisting of pyrolysis and hydrometallurgical leaching is inexpensive, efficient, and eco-friendly for full-component recycling of spent LiCoO₂ battery. LiCoO2 (LCO) lithium-ion battery (LIB) is rich in valuable metals (cobalt and lithium), which has high recycling value. The existing process has basically realized the extraction of cobalt, but there are still shortcomings in harmless disposal of fluorine-containing electrolyte, binder and other organic matters, selective extraction of lithium and low-cost extraction of cobalt. In this context, a novel process was developed to realize the full-component recovery of spent LiCoO2 battery via environmentally friendly pyrolysis and hydrometallurgical leaching. The organic matters were recovered in the form of pyrolytic oil and gas, in which the harmful fluorine element was absorbed by Ca(OH)2 solution. The current collectors (copper and aluminum) were recovered after the easy separation of electrode materials due to the degradation of binders. During pyrolysis the cathode material was deconstructed and reduced under the synergistic effect of pyrolytic gas and anode graphite. Selective recovery of lithium and cobalt was achieved through carbonated water leaching and reductant-free acid leaching. The leaching efficiencies of lithium and cobalt were respectively 87.9% and 99.1% under the optimal conditions. Lithium carbonate and cobalt sulfate were obtained by evaporative crystallization, respectively. The remaining residue was only graphite without impurity entrainment. The results in this research suggest that the process consisting of pyrolysis and hydrometallurgical leaching is inexpensive, efficient, and eco-friendly for full-component recycling of spent LiCoO2 battery. [Display omitted] |
| ArticleNumber | 105921 |
| Author | Tao, Ren Wu, Yufeng Sun, Zhenhua Xing, Peng Li, Huiquan |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ren surname: Tao fullname: Tao, Ren organization: CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Peng surname: Xing fullname: Xing, Peng email: xingpeng@ipe.ac.cn organization: CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Huiquan surname: Li fullname: Li, Huiquan email: hqli@ipe.ac.cn organization: CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Zhenhua surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Zhenhua organization: CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Yufeng surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Yufeng email: wuyufeng3r@126.com organization: Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China |
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| Keywords | Reductant-free acid leaching Reduction Carbonated water leaching Spent LiCoO2 lithium-ion battery Full-component pyrolysis |
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| Snippet | LiCoO2 (LCO) lithium-ion battery (LIB) is rich in valuable metals (cobalt and lithium), which has high recycling value. The existing process has basically... LiCoO₂ (LCO) lithium-ion battery (LIB) is rich in valuable metals (cobalt and lithium), which has high recycling value. The existing process has basically... |
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| SubjectTerms | aluminum anodes Carbonated water leaching carbonates cathodes cobalt cobalt sulfate copper crystallization electrolytes fluorine Full-component pyrolysis graphene lithium lithium batteries lithium cobalt oxide oils pyrolysis Reductant-free acid leaching Reduction Spent LiCoO2 lithium-ion battery synergism |
| Title | Recovery of spent LiCoO2 lithium-ion battery via environmentally friendly pyrolysis and hydrometallurgical leaching |
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