Developing empathy in healthcare professions students: protocol of a mixed-methods non-controlled longitudinal intervention study

Despite the necessary focus on clinical skills and knowledge during the tertiary education of healthcare professionals, the literature highlights the importance of developing psycho-social competencies. Empathy, a cognitive-behavioral attribute linked to various benefits for patients and healthcare...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inFrontiers in medicine Vol. 11; p. 1452516
Main Authors Müller, Andre Matthias, Ngiam, Nicola Siew Pei, Dunn, Michael, Samarasekera, Dujeepa D, Goh, Benjamin Yen Seow, Goh, Charlene En Hui, Toh, Ann, Lee, Jeannette, Yau, Wai-Ping, Lau, Lydia Siew Tang, Gallagher, Paul John
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 01.10.2024
Subjects
compassion
healthcare education
healthcare professionalism
interdisciplinary instruction
Medicine
psycho-social competencies
healthcare education
compassion
healthcare professionalism
psycho-social competencies
interdisciplinary instruction
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract Despite the necessary focus on clinical skills and knowledge during the tertiary education of healthcare professionals, the literature highlights the importance of developing psycho-social competencies. Empathy, a cognitive-behavioral attribute linked to various benefits for patients and healthcare professionals, is one such competency. Pedagogical approaches to successfully develop empathy in tertiary healthcare students are available. However, these approaches are often integrated piecemeal throughout the tertiary education journey. Research on a more empathy-focused curriculum is scarce. This manuscript describes the design of a study that aims to examine the effects of a more empathy-focused curriculum on empathy in tertiary healthcare profession students in Singapore. Freshmen dentistry, medicine, nursing, and pharmacy students enrolled in a novel curriculum with a strong empathy focus will be recruited for the study and followed for the program's extent. Mixed-methods data collection at various time points will be conducted. Quantitative data will be collected on cognitive-behavioral empathy, intentions to provide empathic care, and engagement in courses of the curriculum. Qualitative data on perceptions of patient care and empathy in relation to relevant courses of the curriculum will be collected to provide context for quantitative findings. Ethics approval was granted by the Departmental Ethics Review Committee of the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (Ethics ID: SSHSPH-214).
AbstractList Despite the necessary focus on clinical skills and knowledge during the tertiary education of healthcare professionals, the literature highlights the importance of developing psycho-social competencies. Empathy, a cognitive-behavioral attribute linked to various benefits for patients and healthcare professionals, is one such competency. Pedagogical approaches to successfully develop empathy in tertiary healthcare students are available. However, these approaches are often integrated piecemeal throughout the tertiary education journey. Research on a more empathy-focused curriculum is scarce. This manuscript describes the design of a study that aims to examine the effects of a more empathy-focused curriculum on empathy in tertiary healthcare profession students in Singapore. Freshmen dentistry, medicine, nursing, and pharmacy students enrolled in a novel curriculum with a strong empathy focus will be recruited for the study and followed for the program's extent. Mixed-methods data collection at various time points will be conducted. Quantitative data will be collected on cognitive-behavioral empathy, intentions to provide empathic care, and engagement in courses of the curriculum. Qualitative data on perceptions of patient care and empathy in relation to relevant courses of the curriculum will be collected to provide context for quantitative findings. Ethics approval was granted by the Departmental Ethics Review Committee of the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (Ethics ID: SSHSPH-214).Despite the necessary focus on clinical skills and knowledge during the tertiary education of healthcare professionals, the literature highlights the importance of developing psycho-social competencies. Empathy, a cognitive-behavioral attribute linked to various benefits for patients and healthcare professionals, is one such competency. Pedagogical approaches to successfully develop empathy in tertiary healthcare students are available. However, these approaches are often integrated piecemeal throughout the tertiary education journey. Research on a more empathy-focused curriculum is scarce. This manuscript describes the design of a study that aims to examine the effects of a more empathy-focused curriculum on empathy in tertiary healthcare profession students in Singapore. Freshmen dentistry, medicine, nursing, and pharmacy students enrolled in a novel curriculum with a strong empathy focus will be recruited for the study and followed for the program's extent. Mixed-methods data collection at various time points will be conducted. Quantitative data will be collected on cognitive-behavioral empathy, intentions to provide empathic care, and engagement in courses of the curriculum. Qualitative data on perceptions of patient care and empathy in relation to relevant courses of the curriculum will be collected to provide context for quantitative findings. Ethics approval was granted by the Departmental Ethics Review Committee of the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (Ethics ID: SSHSPH-214).
Despite the necessary focus on clinical skills and knowledge during the tertiary education of healthcare professionals, the literature highlights the importance of developing psycho-social competencies. Empathy, a cognitive-behavioral attribute linked to various benefits for patients and healthcare professionals, is one such competency. Pedagogical approaches to successfully develop empathy in tertiary healthcare students are available. However, these approaches are often integrated piecemeal throughout the tertiary education journey. Research on a more empathy-focused curriculum is scarce. This manuscript describes the design of a study that aims to examine the effects of a more empathy-focused curriculum on empathy in tertiary healthcare profession students in Singapore. Freshmen dentistry, medicine, nursing, and pharmacy students enrolled in a novel curriculum with a strong empathy focus will be recruited for the study and followed for the program’s extent. Mixed-methods data collection at various time points will be conducted. Quantitative data will be collected on cognitive-behavioral empathy, intentions to provide empathic care, and engagement in courses of the curriculum. Qualitative data on perceptions of patient care and empathy in relation to relevant courses of the curriculum will be collected to provide context for quantitative findings. Ethics approval was granted by the Departmental Ethics Review Committee of the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (Ethics ID: SSHSPH-214).
Author Lau, Lydia Siew Tang
Samarasekera, Dujeepa D
Goh, Benjamin Yen Seow
Dunn, Michael
Goh, Charlene En Hui
Toh, Ann
Ngiam, Nicola Siew Pei
Lee, Jeannette
Gallagher, Paul John
Yau, Wai-Ping
Müller, Andre Matthias
AuthorAffiliation 1 Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
5 Centre for Medical Education, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
10 Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
2 National University Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
3 Khoo Teck Puat National University Children’s Medical Institute (KTP-NUCMI) , Singapore , Singapore
9 Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
7 Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
6 Department of Surgery, National University Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
4 Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
8 Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapo
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 5 Centre for Medical Education, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
– name: 2 National University Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
– name: 3 Khoo Teck Puat National University Children’s Medical Institute (KTP-NUCMI) , Singapore , Singapore
– name: 8 Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
– name: 6 Department of Surgery, National University Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
– name: 7 Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
– name: 10 Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
– name: 1 Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
– name: 9 Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
– name: 4 Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Andre Matthias
  surname: Müller
  fullname: Müller, Andre Matthias
  organization: National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Nicola Siew Pei
  surname: Ngiam
  fullname: Ngiam, Nicola Siew Pei
  organization: Khoo Teck Puat National University Children's Medical Institute (KTP-NUCMI), Singapore, Singapore
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Michael
  surname: Dunn
  fullname: Dunn, Michael
  organization: Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Dujeepa D
  surname: Samarasekera
  fullname: Samarasekera, Dujeepa D
  organization: Centre for Medical Education, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Benjamin Yen Seow
  surname: Goh
  fullname: Goh, Benjamin Yen Seow
  organization: Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Charlene En Hui
  surname: Goh
  fullname: Goh, Charlene En Hui
  organization: Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Ann
  surname: Toh
  fullname: Toh, Ann
  organization: Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Jeannette
  surname: Lee
  fullname: Lee, Jeannette
  organization: National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Wai-Ping
  surname: Yau
  fullname: Yau, Wai-Ping
  organization: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Lydia Siew Tang
  surname: Lau
  fullname: Lau, Lydia Siew Tang
  organization: Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Paul John
  surname: Gallagher
  fullname: Gallagher, Paul John
  organization: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39411188$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNpVksFu1DAQhi1URMvSB-CCcuSSJbaT2OaCUGmhUiUuIHGzHHuyceXYwfau2CNvjre7VO1pRuP5P89o_tfozAcPCL3FzZpSLj6MM5g1aUi7xm1HOty_QBeEiL7mHf919iQ_R5cp3TdNgynpWkxfoXMqWowx5xfo7xfYgQuL9ZsK5kXlaV9ZX02gXJ60ilAtMYyQkg0-VSlvDficPh6qOejgqjBWqprtHzD1DHkKJlVl0FoHn2NwDkzlgt_YIrReucLOEHeFUXgPuP0b9HJULsHlKa7Qz5vrH1ff6rvvX2-vPt_VmrY810JhI5hgLRBgAxholFGN7pgwhGJMxSBIxzSogY-4MWbUQgGQYVCqAyUwXaHbI9cEdS-XaGcV9zIoKx8KIW6kitlqB1JoTHvRAu1p2_Y9F0OnOjaMggBnAxeF9enIWrZDOYMu-0TlnkGfv3g7yU3YSYxbRmnHCuH9iRDD7y2kLGebNDinPIRtkmUl1jAuSvcK4WOrjiGlCOPjP7iRByvIgxXkwQryZIWiefd0wEfF_8PTfxRwt0Q
Cites_doi 10.1016/S0753-3322(00)80067-0
10.1162/jocn.2007.19.8.1354
10.1111/jpm.12024
10.1177/104990910201900611
10.1093/fampra/cmh621
10.1097/SPC.0000000000000409
10.1046/j.1525-1497.2002.10640.x
10.1056/NEJMsr031703
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198565895.001.0001
10.1080/0142159X.2018.1460657
10.1016/j.profnurs.2011.10.007
10.1111/eje.12783
10.1016/j.pec.2022.06.015
10.1093/fampra/cmh730
10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023666
10.1037/1089-2680.8.4.323
10.1097/00001888-199509000-00016
10.1097/ACM.0000000000003058
10.5116/ijme.5bef.e834
10.1371/journal.pone.0061526
10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
10.1186/s12909-024-05254-z
10.1002/j.0022-0337.2005.69.3.tb03920.x
10.1111/j.1442-2018.2012.00719.x
10.1001/jama.1991.03470130111039
10.1111/1475-6773.14016
10.1186/1472-6920-14-219
10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1999.53.2.232
10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00443.x
10.1016/j.pec.2008.11.015
10.3109/0142159X.2012.715783
10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03386.x
10.3946/kjme.2017.62
10.56645/jmde.v7i16.314
10.1097/ACM.0b013e318221e615
10.1046/j.1365-2648.1999.01191.x
10.1002/j.0022-0337.2012.76.2.tb05244.x
10.5688/ajpe7192
10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05071.x
10.1080/13576280310001656196
10.24059/olj.v22i1.1175
10.3109/0142159X.2013.802300
10.5688/aj720240
10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036471
10.1177/00131640121971158
10.14221/ajte.2014v39n7.10
10.1007/s11162-011-9221-8
10.3109/0142159X.2012.714881
10.5530/ijper.49.1.5
10.1186/s12909-014-0247-4
10.5688/ajpe756109
10.1097/ACM.0b013e318299f3e3
10.1186/s12909-020-1964-5
10.1007/978-3-319-27625-0
10.1111/medu.14707
10.7326/0003-4819-137-7-200210010-00033
10.1186/1471-2296-15-15
10.3946/kjme.2022.216
10.24059/olj.v19i4.561
10.1093/intqhc/mzm042
10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1997.51.3.317
10.1037/0033-2909.119.3.488
10.1001/jama.293.9.1100
10.1016/j.cedpsych.2010.11.004
10.1016/j.nedt.2019.104325
10.1016/j.pec.2023.108063
10.3389/fmed.2021.758377
10.5116/ijme.4d47.ddb0
10.1007/s40670-023-01768-1
10.1111/0022-4537.00144
10.1177/0300060518781476
10.1177/1062860612464731
10.3109/13561820.2011.566648
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright © 2024 Müller, Ngiam, Dunn, Samarasekera, Goh, Goh, Toh, Lee, Yau, Lau and Gallagher.
Copyright © 2024 Müller, Ngiam, Dunn, Samarasekera, Goh, Goh, Toh, Lee, Yau, Lau and Gallagher. 2024 Müller, Ngiam, Dunn, Samarasekera, Goh, Goh, Toh, Lee, Yau, Lau and Gallagher
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright © 2024 Müller, Ngiam, Dunn, Samarasekera, Goh, Goh, Toh, Lee, Yau, Lau and Gallagher.
– notice: Copyright © 2024 Müller, Ngiam, Dunn, Samarasekera, Goh, Goh, Toh, Lee, Yau, Lau and Gallagher. 2024 Müller, Ngiam, Dunn, Samarasekera, Goh, Goh, Toh, Lee, Yau, Lau and Gallagher
DBID NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.3389/fmed.2024.1452516
DatabaseName PubMed
CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle PubMed
CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE - Academic

CrossRef
PubMed
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
EISSN 2296-858X
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_9c13694e363446689b5a57bf92e87b89
10_3389_fmed_2024_1452516
39411188
Genre Journal Article
GroupedDBID 53G
5VS
9T4
AAFWJ
ACGFS
ACXDI
ADBBV
ADRAZ
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
BAWUL
BCNDV
DIK
GROUPED_DOAJ
HYE
IAO
IEA
IHR
IHW
IPNFZ
ISR
KQ8
M48
M~E
NPM
OK1
PGMZT
RIG
RPM
AAYXX
CITATION
7X8
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c348t-9a1d97974e2e7bede0ada0c579d231139b9257ceab8f10ddfc9aee2bbaa5ea913
IEDL.DBID RPM
ISSN 2296-858X
IngestDate Mon Oct 07 19:34:03 EDT 2024
Wed Oct 16 06:23:39 EDT 2024
Fri Oct 18 23:47:59 EDT 2024
Fri Nov 22 01:50:19 EST 2024
Sat Nov 02 11:59:36 EDT 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Keywords healthcare education
compassion
healthcare professionalism
psycho-social competencies
interdisciplinary instruction
Language English
License Copyright © 2024 Müller, Ngiam, Dunn, Samarasekera, Goh, Goh, Toh, Lee, Yau, Lau and Gallagher.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c348t-9a1d97974e2e7bede0ada0c579d231139b9257ceab8f10ddfc9aee2bbaa5ea913
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
Jodi Freeman, MGH Institute of Health Professions, United States
Edited by: Bobbie Ann Adair White, MGH Institute of Health Professions, United States
Reviewed by: Melanie Stephens, University of Salford, United Kingdom
OpenAccessLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11473357/
PMID 39411188
PQID 3117078973
PQPubID 23479
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_9c13694e363446689b5a57bf92e87b89
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_11473357
proquest_miscellaneous_3117078973
crossref_primary_10_3389_fmed_2024_1452516
pubmed_primary_39411188
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2024-10-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2024-10-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 10
  year: 2024
  text: 2024-10-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Switzerland
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Switzerland
PublicationTitle Frontiers in medicine
PublicationTitleAlternate Front Med (Lausanne)
PublicationYear 2024
Publisher Frontiers Media S.A
Publisher_xml – name: Frontiers Media S.A
References Schulte-Rüther (ref7) 2007; 19
Chae (ref17) 2017; 29
Kataoka (ref50) 2019; 41
Hojat (ref13) 2013; 28
Linnenbrink-Garcia (ref71) 2011; 36
Lim (ref28) 2013; 35
Adler (ref10) 2002; 17
Tackett (ref72) 2018; 9
Pittaway (ref67) 2014; 39
Yang (ref37) 2018; 46
Hojat (ref56) 2001; 61
Scott (ref4) 2011
Oatley (ref51) 2004; 8
Beachboard (ref69) 2011; 52
Li (ref60) 2015; 49
Lamothe (ref18) 2014; 15
Samarasekera (ref34) 2022; 34
Bellet (ref1) 1991; 266
Potash (ref39) 2014; 14
Bansal (ref77) 2022; 56
Larson (ref2) 2005; 293
Street (ref16) 2009; 74
Hunter (ref52) 1995; 70
Hojat (ref26) 2013; 35
Jones (ref70) 2017
Schifferdecker (ref44) 2009; 43
Shapiro (ref53) 2004; 17
Braun (ref74) 2006; 3
Bos-van den Hoek (ref78) 2019; 13
Dinoff (ref23) 2023; 33
Winter (ref20) 2020; 10
Hsiao (ref59) 2013; 20
Mercer (ref65) 2004; 21
Williams (ref61) 2013; 15
Berger (ref5) 1987
Engbers (ref76) 2020; 86
Reynolds (ref62) 1999; 30
Mercer (ref66) 2005; 22
Hojat (ref3) 2016
Marmot (ref55) 2005
Yu (ref64) 2009; 65
Anishchuk (ref42) 2023; 27
Laskowski (ref47) 2002; 19
Reynolds (ref63) 2018
Starcevic (ref9) 1997; 51
Zuger (ref21) 2004; 350
Byrne (ref35) 2024; 119
Schwartz (ref31) 2012; 76
Ward (ref32) 2012; 28
Sherman (ref30) 2005; 69
Neumann (ref27) 2011; 86
Nunes (ref33) 2011; 2
Andersen (ref25) 2020; 20
Batt-Rawden (ref54) 2013; 88
Stepien (ref6) 2006; 21
Schneiderman (ref15) 2002; 137
Tong (ref75) 2007; 19
Redmond (ref68) 2018; 22
Alhassan (ref41) 2019; 9
Winter (ref38) 2022; 105
Fields (ref57) 2011; 25
Stephan (ref48) 1999; 55
Chen (ref49) 2008; 72
Dixson (ref73) 2015; 19
Shariat (ref29) 2013; 35
Shamasundar (ref19) 1999; 53
Ratka (ref24) 2018; 82
Fjortoft (ref58) 2011; 75
Kelm (ref36) 2014; 14
Lam (ref45) 2011; 7
Christenfeld (ref11) 2000; 54
Creswell (ref43) 2017
Nembhard (ref14) 2023; 58
Han (ref40) 2024; 24
Fragkos (ref22) 2020; 95
Menezes (ref46) 2021; 8
Gleichgerrcht (ref8) 2013; 8
Uchino (ref12) 1996; 119
References_xml – volume: 54
  start-page: 251
  year: 2000
  ident: ref11
  article-title: Social support and cardiovascular reactivity
  publication-title: Biomed Pharmacother
  doi: 10.1016/S0753-3322(00)80067-0
  contributor:
    fullname: Christenfeld
– volume: 19
  start-page: 1354
  year: 2007
  ident: ref7
  article-title: Mirror neuron and theory of mind mechanisms involved in face-to-face interactions: a functional magnetic resonance imaging approach to empathy
  publication-title: J Cogn Neurosci
  doi: 10.1162/jocn.2007.19.8.1354
  contributor:
    fullname: Schulte-Rüther
– volume: 20
  start-page: 866
  year: 2013
  ident: ref59
  article-title: Psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the Jefferson scale of empathy-health profession students
  publication-title: J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs
  doi: 10.1111/jpm.12024
  contributor:
    fullname: Hsiao
– volume: 19
  start-page: 403
  year: 2002
  ident: ref47
  article-title: The wounded healer archetype: applications to palliative care practice
  publication-title: Am J Hosp Palliat Care
  doi: 10.1177/104990910201900611
  contributor:
    fullname: Laskowski
– volume: 21
  start-page: 699
  year: 2004
  ident: ref65
  article-title: The consultation and relational empathy (CARE) measure: development and preliminary validation and reliability of an empathy-based consultation process measure
  publication-title: Fam Pract
  doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmh621
  contributor:
    fullname: Mercer
– volume: 13
  start-page: 33
  year: 2019
  ident: ref78
  article-title: Communication skills training for healthcare professionals in oncology over the past decade: a systematic review of reviews
  publication-title: Curr Opin Support Palliat Care
  doi: 10.1097/SPC.0000000000000409
  contributor:
    fullname: Bos-van den Hoek
– volume: 17
  start-page: 874
  year: 2002
  ident: ref10
  article-title: The sociophysiology of caring in the doctor-patient relationship
  publication-title: J Gen Intern Med
  doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2002.10640.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Adler
– volume: 350
  start-page: 69
  year: 2004
  ident: ref21
  article-title: Dissatisfaction with medical practice
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMsr031703
  contributor:
    fullname: Zuger
– volume-title: Social determinants of health
  year: 2005
  ident: ref55
  doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198565895.001.0001
  contributor:
    fullname: Marmot
– volume: 41
  start-page: 195
  year: 2019
  ident: ref50
  article-title: Can communication skills training improve empathy? A six-year longitudinal study of medical students in Japan
  publication-title: Med Teach
  doi: 10.1080/0142159X.2018.1460657
  contributor:
    fullname: Kataoka
– volume-title: Clinical empathy
  year: 1987
  ident: ref5
  contributor:
    fullname: Berger
– volume: 28
  start-page: 34
  year: 2012
  ident: ref32
  article-title: The empathy enigma: an empirical study of decline in empathy among undergraduate nursing students
  publication-title: J Prof Nurs
  doi: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2011.10.007
  contributor:
    fullname: Ward
– volume: 27
  start-page: 118
  year: 2023
  ident: ref42
  article-title: Can a virtual learning module foster empathy in dental undergraduate students?
  publication-title: Eur J Dent Educ
  doi: 10.1111/eje.12783
  contributor:
    fullname: Anishchuk
– volume: 105
  start-page: 3017
  year: 2022
  ident: ref38
  article-title: Experiences of empathy training in healthcare: a systematic review of qualitative studies
  publication-title: Patient Educ Couns
  doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2022.06.015
  contributor:
    fullname: Winter
– volume: 22
  start-page: 328
  year: 2005
  ident: ref66
  article-title: Relevance and practical use of the consultation and relational empathy (CARE) measure in general practice
  publication-title: Fam Pract
  doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmh730
  contributor:
    fullname: Mercer
– volume: 9
  start-page: e023666
  year: 2019
  ident: ref41
  article-title: Effect of a 2-day communication skills training on nursing and midwifery students' empathy: a randomised controlled trial
  publication-title: BMJ Open
  doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023666
  contributor:
    fullname: Alhassan
– volume: 8
  start-page: 323
  year: 2004
  ident: ref51
  article-title: Scripts, transformations, and suggestiveness of emotions in Shakespeare and Chekhov
  publication-title: Rev Gen Psychol
  doi: 10.1037/1089-2680.8.4.323
  contributor:
    fullname: Oatley
– volume: 70
  start-page: 787
  year: 1995
  ident: ref52
  article-title: The study of literature in medical education
  publication-title: Acad Med
  doi: 10.1097/00001888-199509000-00016
  contributor:
    fullname: Hunter
– volume: 95
  start-page: 947
  year: 2020
  ident: ref22
  article-title: The effectiveness of teaching clinical empathy to medical students: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  publication-title: Acad Med
  doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000003058
  contributor:
    fullname: Fragkos
– volume: 9
  start-page: 316
  year: 2018
  ident: ref72
  article-title: Associations between learning community engagement and burnout, quality of life, and empathy among medical students
  publication-title: Int. J. Med Educ
  doi: 10.5116/ijme.5bef.e834
  contributor:
    fullname: Tackett
– volume-title: The measurement and development of empathy in nursing
  year: 2018
  ident: ref63
  contributor:
    fullname: Reynolds
– volume: 8
  start-page: e61526
  year: 2013
  ident: ref8
  article-title: Empathy in clinical practice: how individual dispositions, gender, and experience moderate empathic concern, burnout, and emotional distress in physicians
  publication-title: PLoS One
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061526
  contributor:
    fullname: Gleichgerrcht
– volume: 3
  start-page: 77
  year: 2006
  ident: ref74
  article-title: Using thematic analysis in psychology
  publication-title: Qual Res Psychol
  doi: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  contributor:
    fullname: Braun
– volume: 24
  year: 2024
  ident: ref40
  article-title: Applying narrative medicine to prepare empathetic healthcare providers in undergraduate pharmacy education in Singapore: a mixed methods study
  publication-title: BMC Med Educ
  doi: 10.1186/s12909-024-05254-z
  contributor:
    fullname: Han
– volume: 69
  start-page: 338
  year: 2005
  ident: ref30
  article-title: Measurement of changes in empathy during dental school
  publication-title: J Dent Educ
  doi: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.2005.69.3.tb03920.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Sherman
– volume: 15
  start-page: 45
  year: 2013
  ident: ref61
  article-title: Psychometric testing of the Jefferson scale of empathy health profession Students' version with Australian paramedic students
  publication-title: Nurs Health Sci
  doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2018.2012.00719.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Williams
– volume: 266
  start-page: 1831
  year: 1991
  ident: ref1
  article-title: The importance of empathy as an interviewing skill in medicine
  publication-title: JAMA
  doi: 10.1001/jama.1991.03470130111039
  contributor:
    fullname: Bellet
– volume: 58
  start-page: 250
  year: 2023
  ident: ref14
  article-title: A systematic review of research on empathy in health care
  publication-title: Health Serv Res
  doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.14016
  contributor:
    fullname: Nembhard
– volume: 14
  start-page: 219
  year: 2014
  ident: ref36
  article-title: Interventions to cultivate physician empathy: a systematic review
  publication-title: BMC Med Educ
  doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-14-219
  contributor:
    fullname: Kelm
– volume: 53
  start-page: 232
  year: 1999
  ident: ref19
  article-title: Understanding empathy and related phenomena
  publication-title: Am J Psychother
  doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1999.53.2.232
  contributor:
    fullname: Shamasundar
– volume: 21
  start-page: 524
  year: 2006
  ident: ref6
  article-title: Educating for empathy. A review
  publication-title: J Gen Intern Med
  doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00443.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Stepien
– volume: 74
  start-page: 295
  year: 2009
  ident: ref16
  article-title: How does communication heal? Pathways linking clinician-patient communication to health outcomes
  publication-title: Patient Educ Couns
  doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2008.11.015
  contributor:
    fullname: Street
– volume: 35
  start-page: e946
  year: 2013
  ident: ref28
  article-title: How well do medical students rate and communicate clinical empathy?
  publication-title: Med Teach
  doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2012.715783
  contributor:
    fullname: Lim
– year: 2017
  ident: ref70
  article-title: The evidence base for how we learn: Supporting Students' social, emotional, and academic development. Consensus Statements of Evidence from the Council of Distinguished Scientists. Aspen Institute
  contributor:
    fullname: Jones
– volume: 43
  start-page: 637
  year: 2009
  ident: ref44
  article-title: Using mixed methods research in medical education: basic guidelines for researchers
  publication-title: Med Educ
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03386.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Schifferdecker
– volume: 29
  start-page: 165
  year: 2017
  ident: ref17
  article-title: The mediating effect of calling on the relationship between medical school students' academic burnout and empathy
  publication-title: Korean J Med Educ
  doi: 10.3946/kjme.2017.62
  contributor:
    fullname: Chae
– volume: 7
  start-page: 162
  year: 2011
  ident: ref45
  article-title: Empathy training: methods, evaluation practices, and validity
  publication-title: J Multidiscip Eval
  doi: 10.56645/jmde.v7i16.314
  contributor:
    fullname: Lam
– volume-title: Empathy in healthcare settings
  year: 2011
  ident: ref4
  contributor:
    fullname: Scott
– volume: 86
  start-page: 996
  year: 2011
  ident: ref27
  article-title: Empathy decline and its reasons: a systematic review of studies with medical students and residents
  publication-title: Acad Med
  doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e318221e615
  contributor:
    fullname: Neumann
– volume: 30
  start-page: 1177
  year: 1999
  ident: ref62
  article-title: Empathy has not been measured in clients' terms or effectively taught: a review of the literature
  publication-title: J Adv Nurs
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1999.01191.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Reynolds
– volume: 76
  start-page: 174
  year: 2012
  ident: ref31
  article-title: Can patients help teach professionalism and empathy to dental students? Adding patient videos to a lecture course
  publication-title: J Dent Educ
  doi: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.2012.76.2.tb05244.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Schwartz
– volume: 82
  start-page: 7192
  year: 2018
  ident: ref24
  article-title: Empathy and the development of affective skills
  publication-title: Am J Pharm Educ
  doi: 10.5688/ajpe7192
  contributor:
    fullname: Ratka
– volume: 65
  start-page: 1790
  year: 2009
  ident: ref64
  article-title: Evaluation of empathy measurement tools in nursing: systematic review
  publication-title: J Adv Nurs
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05071.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Yu
– volume: 17
  start-page: 73
  year: 2004
  ident: ref53
  article-title: Teaching empathy to first year medical students: evaluation of an elective literature and medicine course
  publication-title: Educ Health
  doi: 10.1080/13576280310001656196
  contributor:
    fullname: Shapiro
– volume: 22
  year: 2018
  ident: ref68
  article-title: An online engagement framework for higher education
  publication-title: OLJ
  doi: 10.24059/olj.v22i1.1175
  contributor:
    fullname: Redmond
– volume: 35
  start-page: 996
  year: 2013
  ident: ref26
  article-title: Enhancing and sustaining empathy in medical students
  publication-title: Med Teach
  doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2013.802300
  contributor:
    fullname: Hojat
– volume: 72
  start-page: 40
  year: 2008
  ident: ref49
  article-title: Impact of patient empathy modeling on pharmacy students caring for the underserved
  publication-title: Am J Pharm Educ
  doi: 10.5688/aj720240
  contributor:
    fullname: Chen
– volume: 10
  start-page: e036471
  year: 2020
  ident: ref20
  article-title: Assessing the effect of empathy-enhancing interventions in health education and training: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
  publication-title: BMJ Open
  doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036471
  contributor:
    fullname: Winter
– volume: 61
  start-page: 349
  year: 2001
  ident: ref56
  article-title: The Jefferson scale of physician empathy: development and preliminary psychometric data
  publication-title: Educ Psychol Meas
  doi: 10.1177/00131640121971158
  contributor:
    fullname: Hojat
– volume: 39
  year: 2014
  ident: ref67
  article-title: “Initially, we were just names on a computer screen”: designing engagement in online teacher education
  publication-title: AJTE
  doi: 10.14221/ajte.2014v39n7.10
  contributor:
    fullname: Pittaway
– volume: 52
  start-page: 853
  year: 2011
  ident: ref69
  article-title: Cohorts and relatedness: self-determination theory as an explanation of how learning communities affect educational outcomes
  publication-title: Res High Educ
  doi: 10.1007/s11162-011-9221-8
  contributor:
    fullname: Beachboard
– volume: 35
  start-page: e913
  year: 2013
  ident: ref29
  article-title: Empathy in Iranian medical students: measurement model of the Jefferson scale of empathy
  publication-title: Med Teach
  doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2012.714881
  contributor:
    fullname: Shariat
– volume: 49
  start-page: 31
  year: 2015
  ident: ref60
  article-title: Empathy in Chinese pharmacy undergraduates: implication for integrating humanities into professional pharmacy education
  publication-title: IJPER
  doi: 10.5530/ijper.49.1.5
  contributor:
    fullname: Li
– volume: 14
  start-page: 247
  year: 2014
  ident: ref39
  article-title: Art-making in a family medicine clerkship: how does it affect medical student empathy?
  publication-title: BMC Med Educ
  doi: 10.1186/s12909-014-0247-4
  contributor:
    fullname: Potash
– volume: 75
  start-page: 109
  year: 2011
  ident: ref58
  article-title: Measuring empathy in pharmacy students
  publication-title: Am J Pharm Educ
  doi: 10.5688/ajpe756109
  contributor:
    fullname: Fjortoft
– volume: 88
  start-page: 1171
  year: 2013
  ident: ref54
  article-title: Teaching empathy to medical students: an updated, systematic review
  publication-title: Acad Med
  doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e318299f3e3
  contributor:
    fullname: Batt-Rawden
– volume: 20
  start-page: 52
  year: 2020
  ident: ref25
  article-title: Revisiting the trajectory of medical students' empathy, and impact of gender, specialty preferences and nationality: a systematic review
  publication-title: BMC Med Educ
  doi: 10.1186/s12909-020-1964-5
  contributor:
    fullname: Andersen
– volume-title: Empathy in health professions education and patient care
  year: 2016
  ident: ref3
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-27625-0
  contributor:
    fullname: Hojat
– volume: 56
  start-page: 489
  year: 2022
  ident: ref77
  article-title: Optimising planned medical education strategies to develop learners' person-centredness: a realist review
  publication-title: Med Educ
  doi: 10.1111/medu.14707
  contributor:
    fullname: Bansal
– volume: 137
  start-page: 627
  year: 2002
  ident: ref15
  article-title: Empathy and the literary imagination
  publication-title: Ann Intern Med
  doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-137-7-200210010-00033
  contributor:
    fullname: Schneiderman
– volume: 15
  start-page: 15
  year: 2014
  ident: ref18
  article-title: To be or not to be empathic: the combined role of empathic concern and perspective taking in understanding burnout in general practice
  publication-title: BMC Fam Pract
  doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-15-15
  contributor:
    fullname: Lamothe
– volume: 34
  start-page: 17
  year: 2022
  ident: ref34
  article-title: Development of student empathy during medical education: changes and the influence of context and training
  publication-title: Korean J Med Educ
  doi: 10.3946/kjme.2022.216
  contributor:
    fullname: Samarasekera
– volume: 19
  year: 2015
  ident: ref73
  article-title: Measuring student engagement in the online course: the online student engagement scale (OSE)
  publication-title: OLJ
  doi: 10.24059/olj.v19i4.561
  contributor:
    fullname: Dixson
– volume: 19
  start-page: 349
  year: 2007
  ident: ref75
  article-title: Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups
  publication-title: Int J Qual Health Care
  doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzm042
  contributor:
    fullname: Tong
– volume: 51
  start-page: 317
  year: 1997
  ident: ref9
  article-title: Empathic understanding revisited: conceptualization, controversies, and limitations
  publication-title: Am J Psychother
  doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1997.51.3.317
  contributor:
    fullname: Starcevic
– volume: 119
  start-page: 488
  year: 1996
  ident: ref12
  article-title: The relationship between social support and physiological processes: a review with emphasis on underlying mechanisms and implications for health
  publication-title: Psychol Bull
  doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.119.3.488
  contributor:
    fullname: Uchino
– volume-title: Designing and conducting mixed methods research
  year: 2017
  ident: ref43
  contributor:
    fullname: Creswell
– volume: 293
  start-page: 1100
  year: 2005
  ident: ref2
  article-title: Clinical empathy as emotional labor in the patient-physician relationship
  publication-title: JAMA
  doi: 10.1001/jama.293.9.1100
  contributor:
    fullname: Larson
– volume: 36
  start-page: 1
  year: 2011
  ident: ref71
  article-title: Students’ emotions and academic engagement: introduction to the special issue
  publication-title: Contemp Educ Psychol
  doi: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2010.11.004
  contributor:
    fullname: Linnenbrink-Garcia
– volume: 86
  start-page: 104325
  year: 2020
  ident: ref76
  article-title: Students' perceptions of interventions designed to foster empathy: an integrative review
  publication-title: Nurse Educ Today
  doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2019.104325
  contributor:
    fullname: Engbers
– volume: 119
  start-page: 108063
  year: 2024
  ident: ref35
  article-title: The current state of empathy, compassion and person-centred communication training in healthcare: an umbrella review
  publication-title: Patient Educ Couns
  doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.108063
  contributor:
    fullname: Byrne
– volume: 8
  start-page: 758377
  year: 2021
  ident: ref46
  article-title: A systematic review of educational interventions and their impact on empathy and compassion of undergraduate medical students
  publication-title: Front Med
  doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.758377
  contributor:
    fullname: Menezes
– volume: 2
  start-page: 12
  year: 2011
  ident: ref33
  article-title: A study of empathy decline in students from five health disciplines during their first year of training
  publication-title: Int J Med Educ
  doi: 10.5116/ijme.4d47.ddb0
  contributor:
    fullname: Nunes
– volume: 33
  start-page: 489
  year: 2023
  ident: ref23
  article-title: When did the empathy die?: examining the correlation between length of medical training and level of empathy
  publication-title: Med Sci Educ
  doi: 10.1007/s40670-023-01768-1
  contributor:
    fullname: Dinoff
– volume: 55
  start-page: 729
  year: 1999
  ident: ref48
  article-title: The role of empathy in improving intergroup relations
  publication-title: J Social Isssues
  doi: 10.1111/0022-4537.00144
  contributor:
    fullname: Stephan
– volume: 46
  start-page: 3306
  year: 2018
  ident: ref37
  article-title: Does narrative medicine education improve nursing students' empathic abilities and academic achievement? A randomised controlled trial
  publication-title: J Int Med Res
  doi: 10.1177/0300060518781476
  contributor:
    fullname: Yang
– volume: 28
  start-page: 6
  year: 2013
  ident: ref13
  article-title: Empathy and health care quality
  publication-title: Am J Med Qual
  doi: 10.1177/1062860612464731
  contributor:
    fullname: Hojat
– volume: 25
  start-page: 287
  year: 2011
  ident: ref57
  article-title: Measuring empathy in healthcare profession students using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy: health provider--student version
  publication-title: J Interprof Care
  doi: 10.3109/13561820.2011.566648
  contributor:
    fullname: Fields
SSID ssj0001325413
Score 2.3208175
Snippet Despite the necessary focus on clinical skills and knowledge during the tertiary education of healthcare professionals, the literature highlights the...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
crossref
pubmed
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
StartPage 1452516
SubjectTerms compassion
healthcare education
healthcare professionalism
interdisciplinary instruction
Medicine
psycho-social competencies
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3PSx0xEA7Fg_Qi1Va7WksKPQlL3242m4y3qhUp2FMFbyE_ZvGB7or7HtRj_3Mnm3V5rwhees0u2ZBvknyzM_mGsa9Qa6-JJucWCp9XTtI-aKHKReNksK4O9XCP-_JXfXFV_byW1yulvmJOWJIHThP3DXwhaqhQ1CKGHjU4aaVyDZSoldPp6t6sXHGmhr8rghyfQqQwJnlhQDBhFAYtK9obJB3q9dpBNOj1v0Qy_82VXDl8zt-xrZE18u9ptNvsDbY7bPNyjIu_Z3_PprtPHO9ileFHPm_5zZTcxe8nCY6e90nPsj-OrYuOTIF3Dbf8bv4HQ55qSve87dp8TGS_xcBvu1jZaBliFS0-X8mUHLp7_MCuzn_8Pr3Ix-IKuReVXuRgiwCKvAksUTkMOLPBzrxUEIjyES90QKvZo3W6KWYhNB4sYumctRIJWLHLNmgg-JFxopgSKuJyGqKAn7eFK0vq3UlPbKuxGTt6nmlznzQ0DPkeERYTYTERFjPCkrGTiMX0YpS_HhrIKMxoFOY1o8jYl2ckDS2XGAOxLXbL3ohYaUdpUCJjewnZ6VMCKtr5tc6YXsN8bSzrT9r5zSDJTV6lEkKq_f8x-gP2Ns5IShn8xDYWD0s8JOqzcJ8HK38CksoEug
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
Title Developing empathy in healthcare professions students: protocol of a mixed-methods non-controlled longitudinal intervention study
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39411188
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3117078973
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11473357
https://doaj.org/article/9c13694e363446689b5a57bf92e87b89
Volume 11
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1La9wwEB6SHEovpe-6SYMKPRWcrC0_pNzatCEUtvTQQG5Cj3Fj2LWXeBeSY_55RvKD3dJTr35IQt9I841mNAPwSRbCCqLJsZaJjTOT0z6oZRbzyuROm8IV4R73_GdxeZX9uM6v96AY78KEoH1r6pNmsTxp6psQW7la2tMxTuz01_ycOHzJOZny-7BP-nfLRg8nK5yMnoT3LkyywCRBhD4paJrRvpCTQi92lFDI1f8vgvl3nOSW4rl4Ds8Gxsi-9CN7AXvYvIQn88En_goevk33nhgufYXhe1Y37GYK7GKrKf1Gx7o-l2V35p-uWxID1lZMs2V9hy7u60l3rGmbeAhiX6Bji9ZXNdo4X0GL1VtRkqG5-9dwdfH99_llPBRWiC3PxDqWOnGyJEsCUywNOpxpp2c2L6Ujukec0EhayRa1EVUyc66yUiOmxmidI4HK38ABDQTfASN6mcuMeJyQPnmf1YlJU2rd5JaYVqUj-DzOtFr1-TMU2R0eFuVhUR4WNcASwVePxfShT30dHrS3f9QgAErahBcyQ15w74sW1JXOS1PJFEVphIzg44ikoqXi_R-6wXbTKe6r7JRCljyCtz2yU1dcZrTrCxGB2MF8Zyy7b0g6QzruURrf__-vh_DUz0MfJHgEB-vbDX4gsrM2x-GQ4DhI-CP7hQX5
link.rule.ids 230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,27924,27925,53791,53793
linkProvider National Library of Medicine
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9QwEB6VIgEXVN4BCkbihJR2E8eJzY22VAt0Kw6t1JvlV9pIu8mq2ZXokX_O2HloF3Hi6iS25W9sfxN_ngH4KHJuONLkWInExJlmuA4qkcW01Mwqnds83OOenefTy-z7FbvagXy4CxNE-0ZXB_V8cVBXN0FbuVyYw0EndvhzdowcvqAUXfl7cJ_RQiQbXnr4t0LR7Ulod4iJPphAkJwPC5pmuDIw3NLzrW0oROv_F8X8Wym5sfWc7sHjnjOSL13fnsCOq5_Cg1l_Kv4Mfp-MN5-IW_gcw3ekqsnNKO0iyzEAR0vaLppl-9mXrho0BNKURJFF9cvZuMso3ZK6qeNexj53lswbn9dobX0OLVJt6CRDdXfP4fL068XxNO5TK8SGZnwVC5VYUaAv4VJXaGfdRFk1MawQFgkfskItcC4bpzQvk4m1pRHKuVRrpZhDWOkL2MWOuFdAkGAykSGT48KH7zMq0WmKtWtmkGuVKoJPw0jLZRdBQ6Ln4WGRHhbpYZE9LBEceSzGF33w61DQ3F7L3gSkMAnNReZoTv1pNMemFCt0KVLHC81FBB8GJCVOFn8ComrXrFtJfZ6dgouCRvCyQ3ZsiooM133OI-BbmG_1ZfsJ2mcIyD3Y4-v___Q9PJxezM7k2bfzH2_gkR-TTjL4FnZXt2u3j9Rnpd8FO_8DsQ0IWQ
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9QwEB5BkSouiDfhaSROSOlu4jixuUHLqjy26oFKvVl-TGik3WTV7Er0yD9nnGSjXcSJq5PYlr-x_U38eQbgncqlk0STY6MSF2dW0DpoVBbz0gpvbO7z7h73_Cw_vci-XorLQVXZDrLK2tnqqF4sj-rqqtNWrpZustWJTc7nx8ThC87JlV_5cnIb7ghOVrbjqXf_Vzi5PgnvDzLJD1MEFIbQoGlGq4OgbT3f24q6iP3_opl_qyV3tp_Zfbg38Eb2se_fA7iF9UM4nA8n44_g98l4-4nhMuQZvmFVza5GeRdbjUE4Wtb2ES3bD6F03ZAxsKZkhi2rX-jjPqt0y-qmjgcp-wI9WzQht9HGhzxarNrRSnbV3TyGi9nnH8en8ZBeIXY8k-tYmcSrgvwJTLGw6HFqvJk6UShPpI-YoVU0nx0aK8tk6n3plEFMrTVGIEHLn8ABdQSfASOSKVRGbE6qEMLPmcSmKdVuhSO-VZoI3m9HWq_6KBqavI8Aiw6w6ACLHmCJ4FPAYnwxBMDuCprrn3owA61cwnOVIc95OJGW1JQRhS1VirKwUkXwdoukpgkTTkFMjc2m1Tzk2imkKngET3tkx6a4ymjtlzICuYf5Xl_2n5CNdkG5tzb5_P8_fQOH5ycz_f3L2bcXcDcMSa8afAkH6-sNviL2s7avOzP_A2B9CWw
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Developing+empathy+in+healthcare+professions+students%3A+protocol+of+a+mixed-methods+non-controlled+longitudinal+intervention+study&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+medicine&rft.au=M%C3%BCller%2C+Andre+Matthias&rft.au=Ngiam%2C+Nicola+Siew+Pei&rft.au=Dunn%2C+Michael&rft.au=Samarasekera%2C+Dujeepa+D&rft.date=2024-10-01&rft.issn=2296-858X&rft.eissn=2296-858X&rft.volume=11&rft.spage=1452516&rft_id=info:doi/10.3389%2Ffmed.2024.1452516&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2296-858X&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2296-858X&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2296-858X&client=summon