Characteristics of lightning-caused wildfires in central Brazil in relation to cloud-ground and dry lightning
•Search wildfire lightning candidates detected by satellite remote sensing.•Lightning-caused fires characteristics in Brazil.•Atmospheric conditions associated with lightning-related wildfires. Lightning ignition is the major cause of natural wildfires in several regions worldwide. Determining if wi...
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| Published in | Agricultural and forest meteorology Vol. 312; p. 108723 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier B.V
15.01.2022
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | •Search wildfire lightning candidates detected by satellite remote sensing.•Lightning-caused fires characteristics in Brazil.•Atmospheric conditions associated with lightning-related wildfires.
Lightning ignition is the major cause of natural wildfires in several regions worldwide. Determining if wildfires in remote uncontrolled areas result from natural lightning as opposed to anthropic action is a relevant and yet-unsolved challenge for large regions of the planet, with scientific and management implications ranging from environmental conservation to mitigation of climate-related emissions of gases and aerosols. Brazil is the country with one of the highest occurrences of lightning (50 to 100 million/year) and which is also subject to numerous and vast wildfires (up to ∼600 × 103 km2/year) affecting all its biomes. To quantify natural fires we combined cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning and CG dry-lightning (CGDL) detected by a ground network, with fire pixels mapped by satellite remote sensing (AQUA, S-NPP and NOAA-20) over ∼1,8 × 106 km2 in Central Brazil, between 2015 to 2019. Lightning ignition candidates were selected based on the distance between fires and lightning in time and space. The selected cases were investigated according to annual and monthly distributions in space and time, to local weather at the time of occurrence and, electrical characteristics related to ignition. Space-time distributions of CG lightning, CGDL and of active fires were also analyzed. Results showed that the CGDLs pattern is not different from that of the overall CG lightning, with both presenting similar kernel density, polarity and peak current. The lightning candidates indicated predominance of negative polarity and peak current frequency below 20 kA. In this range, average values for weather conditions for CG lightning matched to fires (CGDL matched to fires) had: precipitation 6 mm (< 1 mm), relative humidity 57 % (48 %), and temperature ∼30°C and wind speed of ∼ 2 m.s−1 for both. The results showed that satellite detection of active fires is a useful tool to identify lightning-induced wildfires. |
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| AbstractList | Lightning ignition is the major cause of natural wildfires in several regions worldwide. Determining if wildfires in remote uncontrolled areas result from natural lightning as opposed to anthropic action is a relevant and yet-unsolved challenge for large regions of the planet, with scientific and management implications ranging from environmental conservation to mitigation of climate-related emissions of gases and aerosols. Brazil is the country with one of the highest occurrences of lightning (50 to 100 million/year) and which is also subject to numerous and vast wildfires (up to ∼600 × 10³ km²/year) affecting all its biomes. To quantify natural fires we combined cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning and CG dry-lightning (CGDL) detected by a ground network, with fire pixels mapped by satellite remote sensing (AQUA, S-NPP and NOAA-20) over ∼1,8 × 10⁶ km² in Central Brazil, between 2015 to 2019. Lightning ignition candidates were selected based on the distance between fires and lightning in time and space. The selected cases were investigated according to annual and monthly distributions in space and time, to local weather at the time of occurrence and, electrical characteristics related to ignition. Space-time distributions of CG lightning, CGDL and of active fires were also analyzed. Results showed that the CGDLs pattern is not different from that of the overall CG lightning, with both presenting similar kernel density, polarity and peak current. The lightning candidates indicated predominance of negative polarity and peak current frequency below 20 kA. In this range, average values for weather conditions for CG lightning matched to fires (CGDL matched to fires) had: precipitation 6 mm (< 1 mm), relative humidity 57 % (48 %), and temperature ∼30°C and wind speed of ∼ 2 m.s⁻¹ for both. The results showed that satellite detection of active fires is a useful tool to identify lightning-induced wildfires. •Search wildfire lightning candidates detected by satellite remote sensing.•Lightning-caused fires characteristics in Brazil.•Atmospheric conditions associated with lightning-related wildfires. Lightning ignition is the major cause of natural wildfires in several regions worldwide. Determining if wildfires in remote uncontrolled areas result from natural lightning as opposed to anthropic action is a relevant and yet-unsolved challenge for large regions of the planet, with scientific and management implications ranging from environmental conservation to mitigation of climate-related emissions of gases and aerosols. Brazil is the country with one of the highest occurrences of lightning (50 to 100 million/year) and which is also subject to numerous and vast wildfires (up to ∼600 × 103 km2/year) affecting all its biomes. To quantify natural fires we combined cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning and CG dry-lightning (CGDL) detected by a ground network, with fire pixels mapped by satellite remote sensing (AQUA, S-NPP and NOAA-20) over ∼1,8 × 106 km2 in Central Brazil, between 2015 to 2019. Lightning ignition candidates were selected based on the distance between fires and lightning in time and space. The selected cases were investigated according to annual and monthly distributions in space and time, to local weather at the time of occurrence and, electrical characteristics related to ignition. Space-time distributions of CG lightning, CGDL and of active fires were also analyzed. Results showed that the CGDLs pattern is not different from that of the overall CG lightning, with both presenting similar kernel density, polarity and peak current. The lightning candidates indicated predominance of negative polarity and peak current frequency below 20 kA. In this range, average values for weather conditions for CG lightning matched to fires (CGDL matched to fires) had: precipitation 6 mm (< 1 mm), relative humidity 57 % (48 %), and temperature ∼30°C and wind speed of ∼ 2 m.s−1 for both. The results showed that satellite detection of active fires is a useful tool to identify lightning-induced wildfires. |
| ArticleNumber | 108723 |
| Author | Naccarato, Kleber P. Schumacher, Vanúcia Saba, Marcelo M.F. Mattos, Enrique Justino, Flávio Setzer, Alberto |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Vanúcia surname: Schumacher fullname: Schumacher, Vanúcia email: vanucia-schumacher@hotmail.com organization: National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil – sequence: 2 givenname: Alberto surname: Setzer fullname: Setzer, Alberto organization: National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil – sequence: 3 givenname: Marcelo M.F. surname: Saba fullname: Saba, Marcelo M.F. organization: National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil – sequence: 4 givenname: Kleber P. surname: Naccarato fullname: Naccarato, Kleber P. organization: National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil – sequence: 5 givenname: Enrique surname: Mattos fullname: Mattos, Enrique organization: Federal University of Itajubá, Natural Resources Institute, Itajubá, MG, Brazil – sequence: 6 givenname: Flávio surname: Justino fullname: Justino, Flávio organization: Federal University of Viçosa, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Viçosa, MG, Brazil |
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| Snippet | •Search wildfire lightning candidates detected by satellite remote sensing.•Lightning-caused fires characteristics in Brazil.•Atmospheric conditions associated... Lightning ignition is the major cause of natural wildfires in several regions worldwide. Determining if wildfires in remote uncontrolled areas result from... |
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| SubjectTerms | Brazil Dry lightning forests Lightning meteorology natural resources conservation Natural wildfires relative humidity Remote sensing satellites space and time temperature wind speed |
| Title | Characteristics of lightning-caused wildfires in central Brazil in relation to cloud-ground and dry lightning |
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