Complexity and Newton's Laws
In a recent note [1], I argued that the holographic origin of ordinary gravitational attraction is the quantum mechanical tendency for operators to grow under time evolution. In a follow-up [2] the claim was tested in the context of the SYK theory and its bulk dual—the theory of near-extremal black...
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| Published in | Frontiers in physics Vol. 8 |
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| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Frontiers Media S.A
19.11.2020
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2296-424X 2296-424X |
| DOI | 10.3389/fphy.2020.00262 |
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| Abstract | In a recent note [1], I argued that the holographic origin of ordinary gravitational attraction is the quantum mechanical tendency for operators to grow under time evolution. In a follow-up [2] the claim was tested in the context of the SYK theory and its bulk dual—the theory of near-extremal black holes. In this paper I give an improved version of the size-momentum correspondence of [2], and show that Newton's laws of motion are a consequence. Operator size is closely related to complexity. Therefore, one may say that gravitational attraction is a manifestation of the tendency for complexity to increase. The improved version of the size-momentum correspondence can be justified by the arguments of Lin et al. [3] constructing symmetry generators for the approximate symmetries of the SYK model. |
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| AbstractList | In a recent note [1], I argued that the holographic origin of ordinary gravitational attraction is the quantum mechanical tendency for operators to grow under time evolution. In a follow-up [2] the claim was tested in the context of the SYK theory and its bulk dual—the theory of near-extremal black holes. In this paper I give an improved version of the size-momentum correspondence of [2], and show that Newton's laws of motion are a consequence. Operator size is closely related to complexity. Therefore, one may say that gravitational attraction is a manifestation of the tendency for complexity to increase. The improved version of the size-momentum correspondence can be justified by the arguments of Lin et al. [3] constructing symmetry generators for the approximate symmetries of the SYK model. |
| Author | Susskind, Leonard |
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| References | Brown (B2) 2018; 98 Brown (B6) 2019; 99 Harlow (B19) 2017; 354 Brown (B14) 2016; 116 Papadodimas (B18) 2016; 93 Roberts (B4) 2018; 1806 Maldacena (B9) 2017; 65 Maldacena (B7) 2016; 94 B3 Leichenauer (B12) 2014; 90 Maldacena (B8) 2016; 2016 Carmi (B15) 2017; 1711 Susskind (B1) 2018 Verlinde (B20) 2011; 1104 Qi (B5) 2019 Kitaev (B10) Yang (B11) 2018 Aharonov (B13) 1967; 155 Anous (B17) 2019 Maldacena (B16) 2018 |
| References_xml | – year: 2018 ident: B11 article-title: The quantum gravity dynamics of near extremal black holes publication-title: arxiv [Preprint] arXiv:1809.08647 [hep-th]. doi: 10.1007/JHEP05(2019)205 – volume: 2016 start-page: 12C104 year: 2016 ident: B8 article-title: Conformal symmetry and its breaking in two dimensional Nearly Anti-de-Sitter space publication-title: PTEP. doi: 10.1093/ptep/ptw124 – volume: 94 start-page: 106002 year: 2016 ident: B7 article-title: Remarks on the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model publication-title: Phys Rev D. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.94.106002 – volume: 90 start-page: 046009 year: 2014 ident: B12 article-title: Disrupting entanglement of black holes publication-title: Phys Rev D. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.90.046009 – volume: 98 start-page: 126016 year: 2018 ident: B2 article-title: Falling toward charged black holes publication-title: Phys Rev D. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.98.126016 – volume: 65 start-page: 1700034 year: 2017 ident: B9 article-title: Diving into traversable wormholes publication-title: Fortsch Phys. doi: 10.1002/prop.201700034 – volume: 1711 start-page: 188 year: 2017 ident: B15 article-title: On the time dependence of holographic complexity publication-title: J High Energy Phys. doi: 10.1007/JHEP11(2017)188 – volume: 99 start-page: 046016 year: 2019 ident: B6 article-title: Complexity of Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity publication-title: Phys Rev D. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.99.046016 – year: 2018 ident: B1 article-title: Why do things fall? publication-title: arxiv [Preprint] arXiv:1802.01198 [hep-th]. – year: 2019 ident: B17 article-title: Phases of scrambling in eigenstates publication-title: arxiv [Preprint] arXiv:1903.03143 [hep-th]. doi: 10.21468/SciPostPhys.7.1.003 – volume: 1806 start-page: 122 year: 2018 ident: B4 article-title: Operator growth in the SYK model publication-title: J High Energy Phys. doi: 10.1007/JHEP06(2018)122 – ident: B10 article-title: Statistical mechanics of a two-dimensional black hole publication-title: arxiv [Preprint] arXiv:1808.07032 [hep-th] – year: 2019 ident: B5 article-title: Quantum epidemiology: operator growth, thermal effects, and SYK publication-title: arxiv [Preprint] arXiv:1810.11958 [hep-th]. doi: 10.1007/JHEP08(2019)012 – volume: 93 start-page: 084049 year: 2016 ident: B18 article-title: Remarks on the necessity and implications of state-dependence in the black hole interior publication-title: Phys Rev D. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.93.084049 – ident: B3 doi: 10.1007/JHEP08(2019)049 – volume: 116 start-page: 191301 year: 2016 ident: B14 article-title: Holographic complexity equals bulk action? publication-title: Phys Rev Lett. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.191301 – volume: 354 start-page: 865 year: 2017 ident: B19 article-title: The Ryu–Takayanagi formula from quantum error correction publication-title: Commun Math Phys. doi: 10.1007/s00220-017-2904-z – year: 2018 ident: B16 article-title: Eternal traversable wormhole publication-title: arxiv [Preprint] arXiv:1804.00491 [hep-th]. – volume: 155 start-page: 1428 year: 1967 ident: B13 article-title: Charge superselection rule publication-title: Phys Rev. doi: 10.1103/PhysRev.155.1428 – volume: 1104 start-page: 029 year: 2011 ident: B20 article-title: On the origin of gravity and the laws of Newton publication-title: J High Energy Phys. doi: 10.1007/JHEP04(2011)029 |
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