Temporal and Spatial Distributions of Ti-Containing Nanoparticles and On-Site Visitor Numbers in Three Recreation Waters in Eastern Taiwan

• Published in: Water environment research Vol. 97; no. 7; p. e70103
• Main Authors: Weng, Chen-Hsin, Chen, Yen-Tzu, Liu, Chia-Hsin, Hwang, Yaw-Huei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.07.2025
• Subjects: Environmental Monitoring; Metal Nanoparticles - analysis; Nanoparticles - analysis; Particle Size; Recreation; Seasons; Taiwan; Titanium - analysis; Titanium - chemistry; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Taiwan; recreation water; Ti‐containing nanoparticle; engineered nanoparticle; elemental ratio; sp‐ICPMS

The increase in Ti-containing nanoparticles (NPs) in the environment resulting from the anthropogenic water activities has raised health concerns in recent years. The aim of this study was to differentiate Ti-containing engineered NPs (ENPs) from natural Ti-containing NPs (NNPs) in water exposure th...