From mass marketing to personalized digital marketing in tourism: a 2050 horizon paper

Purpose The academic background of tourism marketing dates back to the 1960s. There had been a slight increase in its capacity until the early 1990s. However, since then, it has boomed, reaching thousands of scientific journal articles and tens of scientific books published only in English each year...

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Published inTourism review (Association internationale d'experts scientifiques du tourisme) Vol. 80; no. 1; pp. 373 - 391
Main Authors Kozak, Metin, Correia, Antonia
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Bingley Emerald Publishing Limited 03.02.2025
Emerald Group Publishing Limited
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1660-5373
1759-8451
DOI10.1108/TR-03-2024-0169

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Abstract Purpose The academic background of tourism marketing dates back to the 1960s. There had been a slight increase in its capacity until the early 1990s. However, since then, it has boomed, reaching thousands of scientific journal articles and tens of scientific books published only in English each year. Therefore, this study aims to present how tourism marketing has progressed academically within the past 60 years over four waves and how this progress may move forward as the next wave. Design/methodology/approach A bibliometric analysis grounds this study, which characterizes the past and present of tourism marketing research and anticipates the future. Content analysis, such as word clouds and social network analysis, was adopted to identify topic clusters and their connections. A total of 9,239 articles published between 1969 and 2024 were extracted from Scopus. Software packages such as VOSviewer were used to determine connections within topics. Findings The authors have assessed the findings broadly. Four waves were from the late 1960s to the first quarter of 2000. In spite of the limited size of papers at the early stage, the last wave saw a boom and a diversified number and category of subjects studied. In each wave, new subjects were added to broaden the picture. Research limitations/implications The discussion of findings is based only on those scientific papers published in English since 1969 but excludes the whole list of textbooks. Subsequent research should also consider all papers and textbooks released in different languages to have the broadest picture assessment worldwide. Practical implications The study conveys various suggestions for industry practitioners and policymakers to focus on carefully assessing trends in marketing tourism services and how these may be shaped shortly. This may help practitioners and policymakers redesign their services and marketing strategies in light of future developments. Originality/value This study continues a recent study published by Kozak (2023) that has been elaborated, particularly from the industry perspective. The current study examines the academic profile of all subjects investigated in the case of tourism marketing, but mainly in an academic sense. Accordingly, this paper outlines the facts and trends researchers may follow throughout the research frame published in the past six decades. 从旅游大众营销到旅游个性化数字营销–2050年展望视角 摘要 目的 旅游营销的学术背景可以追溯到20世纪60年代。在20世纪90年代初之前, 旅游营销的研究能力有所提升, 但增幅有限。然而, 自那时起, 旅游营销领域迅速发展, 每年仅用英文发表的期刊文章已达到数千篇, 出版的书籍也达到了数十本。因此, 本研究旨在展示过去60年内旅游营销研究在学术上的发展历程, 分为四个浪潮, 并探讨未来可能出现的下一个发展浪潮。 设计/方法/途径 本研究以文献计量分析为基础, 描述了旅游营销研究的过去和现在, 并预测了未来的发展。采用内容分析方法, 如词云和社交网络分析, 确定了主题集群及其相互联系。从Scopus数据库中提取了1969年至2024年间发表的9,239篇文章, 并使用VOSviewer等软件包确定了主题之间的联系。 发现 我们对研究结果进行了广泛的评估。从20世纪60年代末到2000年的第一季度, 共出现了四个浪潮。尽管早期阶段的论文数量有限, 但在最后一个浪潮中, 研究主题的数量和类别均呈现出爆炸式增长。在每个浪潮中, 均有新的研究主题被引入, 使得研究广度得以拓宽。 研究局限性/意义 本研究的讨论结果仅基于自1969年以来用英文发表的科学论文, 不包括书籍。后续研究应考虑不同语言发布的所有论文和书籍, 以获得全球范围内最广泛的评估图景。 实践意义 对行业从业者和政策制定者的建议集中在审慎评估旅游服务营销趋势及其未来可能的变化上。这可能有助于从业者和政策制定者在未来发展背景下重新设计其服务和营销策略。 原创性/价值 本研究延续了Kozak(2023)最近发表的以行业视角为主的研究, 从学术角度全面考察了旅游营销领域内所有被研究主题的学术轮廓。具体而言, 本论文概述了过去六十年间已发表研究框架中的事实和趋势, 为研究人员提供可遵循的指导。 Del marketing de masas al marketing digital personalizado en el sector turístico. Un documento de horizonte 2050 Resumen Objetivo Los antecedentes académicos del marketing turístico se remontan a la década de 1960. Hasta principios de la década de 1990 se produjo un ligero aumento de su capacidad. Sin embargo, desde entonces ha experimentado un gran auge, alcanzando miles de artículos de revistas y decenas de libros publicados solo en inglés cada año. Por lo tanto, este estudio pretende presentar cómo ha progresado académicamente el marketing turístico en los últimos 60 años, a lo largo de cuatro oleadas, y cómo este progreso puede avanzar como la siguiente oleada en el futuro. Diseño/Metodología/Enfoque Un análisis bibliométrico fundamenta este estudio, en el que se caracteriza el pasado y el presente de la investigación en marketing turístico y se anticipa el futuro. Para identificar los grupos temáticos y sus conexiones se adoptaron análisis de contenido, como nubes de palabras y análisis de redes sociales. De Scopus se extrajeron nueve mil doscientos treinta y nueve artículos publicados entre 1969 y 2024. Se utilizaron paquetes de software, como VOSviewer, para determinar las conexiones dentro de los temas. Conclusiones Hemos evaluado los resultados a grandes rasgos. Hubo cuatro oleadas, desde finales de los años sesenta hasta el primer trimestre de 2000. A pesar del limitado número de trabajos de las primeras oleadas, en la última se produjo un auge y una diversificación del número y la categoría de los temas estudiados. En cada oleada se añadieron nuevos temas para ampliar el panorama. Limitaciones e implicaciones de la investigación El análisis de los resultados se basa únicamente en los artículos científicos publicados en inglés desde 1969, pero excluye toda la lista de libros de texto. En futuras investigaciones deberían incluirse todos los artículos y libros de texto publicados en otros idiomas para ofrecer un panorama lo más amplio posible a nivel mundial. Consecuencias prácticas Las recomendaciones para los profesionales del sector y los responsables políticos se centran en evaluar con detenimiento las tendencias en la comercialización de los servicios turísticos y en cómo pueden evolucionar en un futuro próximo. Esto puede ayudar a los profesionales y a los responsables políticos a rediseñar sus servicios y estrategias de marketing teniendo en cuenta la evolución futura. Originalidad/valor Este estudio se basa en uno anterior, publicado recientemente por Kozak (2023), que se desarrolló específicamente desde la perspectiva de la industria. El presente estudio examina el perfil académico de todos los sujetos estudiados en el caso del marketing turístico, pero principalmente desde una perspectiva académica. En consecuencia, en este trabajo se esbozan los hechos y tendencias que los investigadores pueden seguir a lo largo del marco de investigación publicado en las últimas seis décadas.
AbstractList Purpose The academic background of tourism marketing dates back to the 1960s. There had been a slight increase in its capacity until the early 1990s. However, since then, it has boomed, reaching thousands of scientific journal articles and tens of scientific books published only in English each year. Therefore, this study aims to present how tourism marketing has progressed academically within the past 60 years over four waves and how this progress may move forward as the next wave. Design/methodology/approach A bibliometric analysis grounds this study, which characterizes the past and present of tourism marketing research and anticipates the future. Content analysis, such as word clouds and social network analysis, was adopted to identify topic clusters and their connections. A total of 9,239 articles published between 1969 and 2024 were extracted from Scopus. Software packages such as VOSviewer were used to determine connections within topics. Findings The authors have assessed the findings broadly. Four waves were from the late 1960s to the first quarter of 2000. In spite of the limited size of papers at the early stage, the last wave saw a boom and a diversified number and category of subjects studied. In each wave, new subjects were added to broaden the picture. Research limitations/implications The discussion of findings is based only on those scientific papers published in English since 1969 but excludes the whole list of textbooks. Subsequent research should also consider all papers and textbooks released in different languages to have the broadest picture assessment worldwide. Practical implications The study conveys various suggestions for industry practitioners and policymakers to focus on carefully assessing trends in marketing tourism services and how these may be shaped shortly. This may help practitioners and policymakers redesign their services and marketing strategies in light of future developments. Originality/value This study continues a recent study published by Kozak (2023) that has been elaborated, particularly from the industry perspective. The current study examines the academic profile of all subjects investigated in the case of tourism marketing, but mainly in an academic sense. Accordingly, this paper outlines the facts and trends researchers may follow throughout the research frame published in the past six decades. 从旅游大众营销到旅游个性化数字营销–2050年展望视角 摘要 目的 旅游营销的学术背景可以追溯到20世纪60年代。在20世纪90年代初之前, 旅游营销的研究能力有所提升, 但增幅有限。然而, 自那时起, 旅游营销领域迅速发展, 每年仅用英文发表的期刊文章已达到数千篇, 出版的书籍也达到了数十本。因此, 本研究旨在展示过去60年内旅游营销研究在学术上的发展历程, 分为四个浪潮, 并探讨未来可能出现的下一个发展浪潮。 设计/方法/途径 本研究以文献计量分析为基础, 描述了旅游营销研究的过去和现在, 并预测了未来的发展。采用内容分析方法, 如词云和社交网络分析, 确定了主题集群及其相互联系。从Scopus数据库中提取了1969年至2024年间发表的9,239篇文章, 并使用VOSviewer等软件包确定了主题之间的联系。 发现 我们对研究结果进行了广泛的评估。从20世纪60年代末到2000年的第一季度, 共出现了四个浪潮。尽管早期阶段的论文数量有限, 但在最后一个浪潮中, 研究主题的数量和类别均呈现出爆炸式增长。在每个浪潮中, 均有新的研究主题被引入, 使得研究广度得以拓宽。 研究局限性/意义 本研究的讨论结果仅基于自1969年以来用英文发表的科学论文, 不包括书籍。后续研究应考虑不同语言发布的所有论文和书籍, 以获得全球范围内最广泛的评估图景。 实践意义 对行业从业者和政策制定者的建议集中在审慎评估旅游服务营销趋势及其未来可能的变化上。这可能有助于从业者和政策制定者在未来发展背景下重新设计其服务和营销策略。 原创性/价值 本研究延续了Kozak(2023)最近发表的以行业视角为主的研究, 从学术角度全面考察了旅游营销领域内所有被研究主题的学术轮廓。具体而言, 本论文概述了过去六十年间已发表研究框架中的事实和趋势, 为研究人员提供可遵循的指导。 Del marketing de masas al marketing digital personalizado en el sector turístico. Un documento de horizonte 2050 Resumen Objetivo Los antecedentes académicos del marketing turístico se remontan a la década de 1960. Hasta principios de la década de 1990 se produjo un ligero aumento de su capacidad. Sin embargo, desde entonces ha experimentado un gran auge, alcanzando miles de artículos de revistas y decenas de libros publicados solo en inglés cada año. Por lo tanto, este estudio pretende presentar cómo ha progresado académicamente el marketing turístico en los últimos 60 años, a lo largo de cuatro oleadas, y cómo este progreso puede avanzar como la siguiente oleada en el futuro. Diseño/Metodología/Enfoque Un análisis bibliométrico fundamenta este estudio, en el que se caracteriza el pasado y el presente de la investigación en marketing turístico y se anticipa el futuro. Para identificar los grupos temáticos y sus conexiones se adoptaron análisis de contenido, como nubes de palabras y análisis de redes sociales. De Scopus se extrajeron nueve mil doscientos treinta y nueve artículos publicados entre 1969 y 2024. Se utilizaron paquetes de software, como VOSviewer, para determinar las conexiones dentro de los temas. Conclusiones Hemos evaluado los resultados a grandes rasgos. Hubo cuatro oleadas, desde finales de los años sesenta hasta el primer trimestre de 2000. A pesar del limitado número de trabajos de las primeras oleadas, en la última se produjo un auge y una diversificación del número y la categoría de los temas estudiados. En cada oleada se añadieron nuevos temas para ampliar el panorama. Limitaciones e implicaciones de la investigación El análisis de los resultados se basa únicamente en los artículos científicos publicados en inglés desde 1969, pero excluye toda la lista de libros de texto. En futuras investigaciones deberían incluirse todos los artículos y libros de texto publicados en otros idiomas para ofrecer un panorama lo más amplio posible a nivel mundial. Consecuencias prácticas Las recomendaciones para los profesionales del sector y los responsables políticos se centran en evaluar con detenimiento las tendencias en la comercialización de los servicios turísticos y en cómo pueden evolucionar en un futuro próximo. Esto puede ayudar a los profesionales y a los responsables políticos a rediseñar sus servicios y estrategias de marketing teniendo en cuenta la evolución futura. Originalidad/valor Este estudio se basa en uno anterior, publicado recientemente por Kozak (2023), que se desarrolló específicamente desde la perspectiva de la industria. El presente estudio examina el perfil académico de todos los sujetos estudiados en el caso del marketing turístico, pero principalmente desde una perspectiva académica. En consecuencia, en este trabajo se esbozan los hechos y tendencias que los investigadores pueden seguir a lo largo del marco de investigación publicado en las últimas seis décadas.
从旅游大众营销到旅游个性化数字营销–2050年展望视角 摘要 Del marketing de masas al marketing digital personalizado en el sector turístico. Un documento de horizonte 2050 Resumen
PurposeThe academic background of tourism marketing dates back to the 1960s. There had been a slight increase in its capacity until the early 1990s. However, since then, it has boomed, reaching thousands of scientific journal articles and tens of scientific books published only in English each year. Therefore, this study aims to present how tourism marketing has progressed academically within the past 60 years over four waves and how this progress may move forward as the next wave.Design/methodology/approachA bibliometric analysis grounds this study, which characterizes the past and present of tourism marketing research and anticipates the future. Content analysis, such as word clouds and social network analysis, was adopted to identify topic clusters and their connections. A total of 9,239 articles published between 1969 and 2024 were extracted from Scopus. Software packages such as VOSviewer were used to determine connections within topics.FindingsThe authors have assessed the findings broadly. Four waves were from the late 1960s to the first quarter of 2000. In spite of the limited size of papers at the early stage, the last wave saw a boom and a diversified number and category of subjects studied. In each wave, new subjects were added to broaden the picture.Research limitations/implicationsThe discussion of findings is based only on those scientific papers published in English since 1969 but excludes the whole list of textbooks. Subsequent research should also consider all papers and textbooks released in different languages to have the broadest picture assessment worldwide.Practical implicationsThe study conveys various suggestions for industry practitioners and policymakers to focus on carefully assessing trends in marketing tourism services and how these may be shaped shortly. This may help practitioners and policymakers redesign their services and marketing strategies in light of future developments.Originality/valueThis study continues a recent study published by Kozak (2023) that has been elaborated, particularly from the industry perspective. The current study examines the academic profile of all subjects investigated in the case of tourism marketing, but mainly in an academic sense. Accordingly, this paper outlines the facts and trends researchers may follow throughout the research frame published in the past six decades.
Author Correia, Antonia
Kozak, Metin
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Issue 1
Keywords Marketing trends
marketing turístico
literatura de marketing
investigación bibliométrica
Tourism marketing
Bibliometric research
Marketing literature
tendencias de marketing
旅游营销, 营销趋势, 营销文献, 文献计量研究
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– name: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
References (key2025021011512696000_ref068) 1992; 19
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Snippet Purpose The academic background of tourism marketing dates back to the 1960s. There had been a slight increase in its capacity until the early 1990s. However,...
从旅游大众营销到旅游个性化数字营销–2050年展望视角 摘要 Del marketing de masas al marketing digital personalizado en el sector turístico. Un documento de horizonte 2050 Resumen
PurposeThe academic background of tourism marketing dates back to the 1960s. There had been a slight increase in its capacity until the early 1990s. However,...
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SubjectTerms Keywords
Marketing
Pandemics
Product orientation
Tourism
Trends
Title From mass marketing to personalized digital marketing in tourism: a 2050 horizon paper
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