Understanding the stability of nanoplastics in aqueous environments: effect of ionic strength, temperature, dissolved organic matter, clay, and heavy metals

Nanoplastics (NPs) are one of the most dangerous fractions of plastics because of their possible eco-toxicological impacts. NP stability and transport are highly influenced by various environmental factors, which warrants the necessity to understand their fate in ambient water systems. This study in...

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Published inEnvironmental science. Nano Vol. 6; no. 1; pp. 2968 - 2976
Main Authors Singh, Nisha, Tiwari, Ekta, Khandelwal, Nitin, Darbha, Gopala Krishna
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cambridge Royal Society of Chemistry 2019
Subjects
Agglomeration
Aggregation
Aquatic environment
Aqueous environments
Cadmium chloride
Calcium chloride
Cations
Clay
Coagulation
Colloids
Dissolved organic matter
Divalent cations
Environmental factors
Groundwater
Heavy metals
Ionic strength
Light scattering
Mercuric chloride
Mercury compounds
Metal concentrations
Metals
Organic matter
Oxidoreductions
Photon correlation spectroscopy
Polymers
Polystyrene
Polystyrene resins
River water
Rivers
Salts
Seawater
Sodium chloride
Soil
Soil dynamics
Soil temperature
Speciation
Stability
Temperature
Temperature effects
Zinc chloride
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Abstract Nanoplastics (NPs) are one of the most dangerous fractions of plastics because of their possible eco-toxicological impacts. NP stability and transport are highly influenced by various environmental factors, which warrants the necessity to understand their fate in ambient water systems. This study investigates the polystyrene (PS) NP stability under the effect of varying ionic strength, temperature, dissolved organic matter (DOM), inorganic soil colloids and heavy metal salts using the dynamic light scattering technique. Controlled studies were used to examine the aggregation of NPs in the presence of natural river water (RW), groundwater (GW), and seawater (SW). Results highlight that, at all studied temperatures, divalent cations had a greater influence on the aggregation rate of NPs as compared to monovalent cations whereas for the same salt, a drop in temperature tended to increase the stability. A rise in critical coagulation concentration (CCC) by 1.6 and 2.4 times for NaCl and CaCl 2 was observed, respectively, at 15 °C as compared to 35 °C. Steric repulsion produced by DOM stabilizes NPs shifting the CCC value to a higher salt concentration for NaCl. However, faster aggregation with CaCl 2 due to complexation was notable. The clay colloids participate in heteroaggregation with NPs under the influence of salts; this was confirmed using cryo-TEM. Heavy metal salts such as ZnCl 2 and CdCl 2 had interactions with PS NPs similar to that presented by CaCl 2 but showed independent behaviour in the presence of HgCl 2 , due to metal speciation under different redox conditions. The concentration of salts and organic substances in the complex matrix of natural water results in the least stable NPs in SW > RW > GW. The results of this study contribute to the fundamental understanding of the fate of NPs in complex aquatic environments. Impact of environmental factors such as temperature, dissolved organic matter, ionic strength and clay colloids on the stability of nanoplastics.
AbstractList Nanoplastics (NPs) are one of the most dangerous fractions of plastics because of their possible eco-toxicological impacts. NP stability and transport are highly influenced by various environmental factors, which warrants the necessity to understand their fate in ambient water systems. This study investigates the polystyrene (PS) NP stability under the effect of varying ionic strength, temperature, dissolved organic matter (DOM), inorganic soil colloids and heavy metal salts using the dynamic light scattering technique. Controlled studies were used to examine the aggregation of NPs in the presence of natural river water (RW), groundwater (GW), and seawater (SW). Results highlight that, at all studied temperatures, divalent cations had a greater influence on the aggregation rate of NPs as compared to monovalent cations whereas for the same salt, a drop in temperature tended to increase the stability. A rise in critical coagulation concentration (CCC) by 1.6 and 2.4 times for NaCl and CaCl2 was observed, respectively, at 15 °C as compared to 35 °C. Steric repulsion produced by DOM stabilizes NPs shifting the CCC value to a higher salt concentration for NaCl. However, faster aggregation with CaCl2 due to complexation was notable. The clay colloids participate in heteroaggregation with NPs under the influence of salts; this was confirmed using cryo-TEM. Heavy metal salts such as ZnCl2 and CdCl2 had interactions with PS NPs similar to that presented by CaCl2 but showed independent behaviour in the presence of HgCl2, due to metal speciation under different redox conditions. The concentration of salts and organic substances in the complex matrix of natural water results in the least stable NPs in SW > RW > GW. The results of this study contribute to the fundamental understanding of the fate of NPs in complex aquatic environments.
Nanoplastics (NPs) are one of the most dangerous fractions of plastics because of their possible eco-toxicological impacts. NP stability and transport are highly influenced by various environmental factors, which warrants the necessity to understand their fate in ambient water systems. This study investigates the polystyrene (PS) NP stability under the effect of varying ionic strength, temperature, dissolved organic matter (DOM), inorganic soil colloids and heavy metal salts using the dynamic light scattering technique. Controlled studies were used to examine the aggregation of NPs in the presence of natural river water (RW), groundwater (GW), and seawater (SW). Results highlight that, at all studied temperatures, divalent cations had a greater influence on the aggregation rate of NPs as compared to monovalent cations whereas for the same salt, a drop in temperature tended to increase the stability. A rise in critical coagulation concentration (CCC) by 1.6 and 2.4 times for NaCl and CaCl 2 was observed, respectively, at 15 °C as compared to 35 °C. Steric repulsion produced by DOM stabilizes NPs shifting the CCC value to a higher salt concentration for NaCl. However, faster aggregation with CaCl 2 due to complexation was notable. The clay colloids participate in heteroaggregation with NPs under the influence of salts; this was confirmed using cryo-TEM. Heavy metal salts such as ZnCl 2 and CdCl 2 had interactions with PS NPs similar to that presented by CaCl 2 but showed independent behaviour in the presence of HgCl 2 , due to metal speciation under different redox conditions. The concentration of salts and organic substances in the complex matrix of natural water results in the least stable NPs in SW > RW > GW. The results of this study contribute to the fundamental understanding of the fate of NPs in complex aquatic environments.
Nanoplastics (NPs) are one of the most dangerous fractions of plastics because of their possible eco-toxicological impacts. NP stability and transport are highly influenced by various environmental factors, which warrants the necessity to understand their fate in ambient water systems. This study investigates the polystyrene (PS) NP stability under the effect of varying ionic strength, temperature, dissolved organic matter (DOM), inorganic soil colloids and heavy metal salts using the dynamic light scattering technique. Controlled studies were used to examine the aggregation of NPs in the presence of natural river water (RW), groundwater (GW), and seawater (SW). Results highlight that, at all studied temperatures, divalent cations had a greater influence on the aggregation rate of NPs as compared to monovalent cations whereas for the same salt, a drop in temperature tended to increase the stability. A rise in critical coagulation concentration (CCC) by 1.6 and 2.4 times for NaCl and CaCl 2 was observed, respectively, at 15 °C as compared to 35 °C. Steric repulsion produced by DOM stabilizes NPs shifting the CCC value to a higher salt concentration for NaCl. However, faster aggregation with CaCl 2 due to complexation was notable. The clay colloids participate in heteroaggregation with NPs under the influence of salts; this was confirmed using cryo-TEM. Heavy metal salts such as ZnCl 2 and CdCl 2 had interactions with PS NPs similar to that presented by CaCl 2 but showed independent behaviour in the presence of HgCl 2 , due to metal speciation under different redox conditions. The concentration of salts and organic substances in the complex matrix of natural water results in the least stable NPs in SW > RW > GW. The results of this study contribute to the fundamental understanding of the fate of NPs in complex aquatic environments. Impact of environmental factors such as temperature, dissolved organic matter, ionic strength and clay colloids on the stability of nanoplastics.
Author Khandelwal, Nitin
Darbha, Gopala Krishna
Tiwari, Ekta
Singh, Nisha
AuthorAffiliation Environmental Nanoscience Laboratory
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research - Kolkata
Department of Earth Sciences
Centre for Climate and Environmental Studies
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  name: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
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  name: Environmental Nanoscience Laboratory
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  name: Department of Earth Sciences
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  name: Centre for Climate and Environmental Studies
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Nisha
  surname: Singh
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  givenname: Ekta
  surname: Tiwari
  fullname: Tiwari, Ekta
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  givenname: Nitin
  surname: Khandelwal
  fullname: Khandelwal, Nitin
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Gopala Krishna
  surname: Darbha
  fullname: Darbha, Gopala Krishna
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Snippet Nanoplastics (NPs) are one of the most dangerous fractions of plastics because of their possible eco-toxicological impacts. NP stability and transport are...
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SubjectTerms Agglomeration
Aggregation
Aquatic environment
Aqueous environments
Cadmium chloride
Calcium chloride
Cations
Clay
Coagulation
Colloids
Dissolved organic matter
Divalent cations
Environmental factors
Groundwater
Heavy metals
Ionic strength
Light scattering
Mercuric chloride
Mercury compounds
Metal concentrations
Metals
Organic matter
Oxidoreductions
Photon correlation spectroscopy
Polymers
Polystyrene
Polystyrene resins
River water
Rivers
Salts
Seawater
Sodium chloride
Soil
Soil dynamics
Soil temperature
Speciation
Stability
Temperature
Temperature effects
Zinc chloride
Title Understanding the stability of nanoplastics in aqueous environments: effect of ionic strength, temperature, dissolved organic matter, clay, and heavy metals
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