Emulation of epidemics via Bluetooth-based virtual safe virus spread: Experimental setup, software, and data

We describe an experimental setup and a currently running experiment for evaluating how physical interactions over time and between individuals affect the spread of epidemics. Our experiment involves the voluntary use of the Safe Blues Android app by participants at The University of Auckland (UoA)...

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Published inPLOS digital health Vol. 1; no. 12; p. e0000142
Main Authors Asanjarani, Azam, Shausan, Aminath, Chew, Keng, Graham, Thomas, Henderson, Shane G, Jansen, Hermanus M, Short, Kirsty R, Taylor, Peter G, Vuorinen, Aapeli, Yadav, Yuvraj, Ziedins, Ilze, Nazarathy, Yoni
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 01.12.2022
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects
Computer and Information Sciences
Contact tracing
COVID-19
Engineering and Technology
Epidemics
Medicine and Health Sciences
Pandemics
Research and Analysis Methods
Science Policy
New Zealand
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Abstract We describe an experimental setup and a currently running experiment for evaluating how physical interactions over time and between individuals affect the spread of epidemics. Our experiment involves the voluntary use of the Safe Blues Android app by participants at The University of Auckland (UoA) City Campus in New Zealand. The app spreads multiple virtual safe virus strands via Bluetooth depending on the physical proximity of the subjects. The evolution of the virtual epidemics is recorded as they spread through the population. The data is presented as a real-time (and historical) dashboard. A simulation model is applied to calibrate strand parameters. Participants' locations are not recorded, but participants are rewarded based on the duration of participation within a geofenced area, and aggregate participation numbers serve as part of the data. The 2021 experimental data is available as an open-source anonymized dataset, and once the experiment is complete, the remaining data will be made available. This paper outlines the experimental setup, software, subject-recruitment practices, ethical considerations, and dataset description. The paper also highlights current experimental results in view of the lockdown that started in New Zealand at 23:59 on August 17, 2021. The experiment was initially planned in the New Zealand environment, expected to be free of COVID and lockdowns after 2020. However, a COVID Delta strain lockdown shuffled the cards and the experiment is currently extended into 2022.
AbstractList We describe an experimental setup and a currently running experiment for evaluating how physical interactions over time and between individuals affect the spread of epidemics. Our experiment involves the voluntary use of the Safe Blues Android app by participants at The University of Auckland (UoA) City Campus in New Zealand. The app spreads multiple virtual safe virus strands via Bluetooth depending on the physical proximity of the subjects. The evolution of the virtual epidemics is recorded as they spread through the population. The data is presented as a real-time (and historical) dashboard. A simulation model is applied to calibrate strand parameters. Participants’ locations are not recorded, but participants are rewarded based on the duration of participation within a geofenced area, and aggregate participation numbers serve as part of the data. The 2021 experimental data is available as an open-source anonymized dataset, and once the experiment is complete, the remaining data will be made available. This paper outlines the experimental setup, software, subject-recruitment practices, ethical considerations, and dataset description. The paper also highlights current experimental results in view of the lockdown that started in New Zealand at 23:59 on August 17, 2021. The experiment was initially planned in the New Zealand environment, expected to be free of COVID and lockdowns after 2020. However, a COVID Delta strain lockdown shuffled the cards and the experiment is currently extended into 2022. Author summary In this paper, we describe the Safe Blues Android app experimental setup and a currently running experiment at the University of Auckland City Campus. This experiment is designed to evaluate how physical interactions over time and between individuals affect the spread of epidemics. The Safe Blues app spreads multiple virtual safe virus strands via Bluetooth based on the subjects’ unobserved social and physical proximity. The app does not record the participants’ locations, but participants are rewarded based on the duration of participation within a geofenced area, and aggregate participation numbers serve as part of the data. The 2021 experimental data is available, and once the experiment is complete, the remaining data will be made available. The experimental setup, software, subject recruitment practices, ethical considerations, and dataset description are all described in this paper. In addition, we present our current experimental results in view of the lockdown that started in New Zealand at 23:59 on August 17, 2021. The information we provide here may be useful to other teams planning similar experiments in the future.
We describe an experimental setup and a currently running experiment for evaluating how physical interactions over time and between individuals affect the spread of epidemics. Our experiment involves the voluntary use of the Safe Blues Android app by participants at The University of Auckland (UoA) City Campus in New Zealand. The app spreads multiple virtual safe virus strands via Bluetooth depending on the physical proximity of the subjects. The evolution of the virtual epidemics is recorded as they spread through the population. The data is presented as a real-time (and historical) dashboard. A simulation model is applied to calibrate strand parameters. Participants' locations are not recorded, but participants are rewarded based on the duration of participation within a geofenced area, and aggregate participation numbers serve as part of the data. The 2021 experimental data is available as an open-source anonymized dataset, and once the experiment is complete, the remaining data will be made available. This paper outlines the experimental setup, software, subject-recruitment practices, ethical considerations, and dataset description. The paper also highlights current experimental results in view of the lockdown that started in New Zealand at 23:59 on August 17, 2021. The experiment was initially planned in the New Zealand environment, expected to be free of COVID and lockdowns after 2020. However, a COVID Delta strain lockdown shuffled the cards and the experiment is currently extended into 2022.We describe an experimental setup and a currently running experiment for evaluating how physical interactions over time and between individuals affect the spread of epidemics. Our experiment involves the voluntary use of the Safe Blues Android app by participants at The University of Auckland (UoA) City Campus in New Zealand. The app spreads multiple virtual safe virus strands via Bluetooth depending on the physical proximity of the subjects. The evolution of the virtual epidemics is recorded as they spread through the population. The data is presented as a real-time (and historical) dashboard. A simulation model is applied to calibrate strand parameters. Participants' locations are not recorded, but participants are rewarded based on the duration of participation within a geofenced area, and aggregate participation numbers serve as part of the data. The 2021 experimental data is available as an open-source anonymized dataset, and once the experiment is complete, the remaining data will be made available. This paper outlines the experimental setup, software, subject-recruitment practices, ethical considerations, and dataset description. The paper also highlights current experimental results in view of the lockdown that started in New Zealand at 23:59 on August 17, 2021. The experiment was initially planned in the New Zealand environment, expected to be free of COVID and lockdowns after 2020. However, a COVID Delta strain lockdown shuffled the cards and the experiment is currently extended into 2022.
We describe an experimental setup and a currently running experiment for evaluating how physical interactions over time and between individuals affect the spread of epidemics. Our experiment involves the voluntary use of the Safe Blues Android app by participants at The University of Auckland (UoA) City Campus in New Zealand. The app spreads multiple virtual safe virus strands via Bluetooth depending on the physical proximity of the subjects. The evolution of the virtual epidemics is recorded as they spread through the population. The data is presented as a real-time (and historical) dashboard. A simulation model is applied to calibrate strand parameters. Participants’ locations are not recorded, but participants are rewarded based on the duration of participation within a geofenced area, and aggregate participation numbers serve as part of the data. The 2021 experimental data is available as an open-source anonymized dataset, and once the experiment is complete, the remaining data will be made available. This paper outlines the experimental setup, software, subject-recruitment practices, ethical considerations, and dataset description. The paper also highlights current experimental results in view of the lockdown that started in New Zealand at 23:59 on August 17, 2021. The experiment was initially planned in the New Zealand environment, expected to be free of COVID and lockdowns after 2020. However, a COVID Delta strain lockdown shuffled the cards and the experiment is currently extended into 2022.
We describe an experimental setup and a currently running experiment for evaluating how physical interactions over time and between individuals affect the spread of epidemics. Our experiment involves the voluntary use of the Safe Blues Android app by participants at The University of Auckland (UoA) City Campus in New Zealand. The app spreads multiple virtual safe virus strands via Bluetooth depending on the physical proximity of the subjects. The evolution of the virtual epidemics is recorded as they spread through the population. The data is presented as a real-time (and historical) dashboard. A simulation model is applied to calibrate strand parameters. Participants’ locations are not recorded, but participants are rewarded based on the duration of participation within a geofenced area, and aggregate participation numbers serve as part of the data. The 2021 experimental data is available as an open-source anonymized dataset, and once the experiment is complete, the remaining data will be made available. This paper outlines the experimental setup, software, subject-recruitment practices, ethical considerations, and dataset description. The paper also highlights current experimental results in view of the lockdown that started in New Zealand at 23:59 on August 17, 2021. The experiment was initially planned in the New Zealand environment, expected to be free of COVID and lockdowns after 2020. However, a COVID Delta strain lockdown shuffled the cards and the experiment is currently extended into 2022. In this paper, we describe the Safe Blues Android app experimental setup and a currently running experiment at the University of Auckland City Campus. This experiment is designed to evaluate how physical interactions over time and between individuals affect the spread of epidemics. The Safe Blues app spreads multiple virtual safe virus strands via Bluetooth based on the subjects’ unobserved social and physical proximity. The app does not record the participants’ locations, but participants are rewarded based on the duration of participation within a geofenced area, and aggregate participation numbers serve as part of the data. The 2021 experimental data is available, and once the experiment is complete, the remaining data will be made available. The experimental setup, software, subject recruitment practices, ethical considerations, and dataset description are all described in this paper. In addition, we present our current experimental results in view of the lockdown that started in New Zealand at 23:59 on August 17, 2021. The information we provide here may be useful to other teams planning similar experiments in the future.
Author Taylor, Peter G
Ziedins, Ilze
Nazarathy, Yoni
Yadav, Yuvraj
Chew, Keng
Short, Kirsty R
Asanjarani, Azam
Vuorinen, Aapeli
Henderson, Shane G
Jansen, Hermanus M
Graham, Thomas
Shausan, Aminath
AuthorAffiliation 2 School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
1 Department of Statistics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
4 School of Operations Research and Information Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
7 Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
Tsinghua University, CHINA
6 School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
8 Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India
5 Department of Engineering, University College Roosevelt, Middelburg, the Netherlands
3 School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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These authors also contributed equally to this work.
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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SubjectTerms Computer and Information Sciences
Contact tracing
COVID-19
Engineering and Technology
Epidemics
Medicine and Health Sciences
Pandemics
Research and Analysis Methods
Science Policy
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Title Emulation of epidemics via Bluetooth-based virtual safe virus spread: Experimental setup, software, and data
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