Diazepam prophylaxis of contrast media-induced seizures during computed tomography of patients with brain metastases
The effect of 5 mg of intravenous diazepam (Valium) on contrast media-associated seizure incidence was studied in a randomized controlled trial involving 284 patients with known or suspected brain metastases undergoing cerebral computed tomography. Of these patients, 188 were found to have brain met...
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Published in | American journal of roentgenology (1976) Vol. 140; no. 4; pp. 787 - 792 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
Am Roentgen Ray Soc
01.04.1983
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Subjects | |
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Abstract | The effect of 5 mg of intravenous diazepam (Valium) on contrast media-associated seizure incidence was studied in a randomized controlled trial involving 284 patients with known or suspected brain metastases undergoing cerebral computed tomography. Of these patients, 188 were found to have brain metastases, and it is estimated that for this subgroup prophylactic diazepam reduces the risk of contrast-associated seizure by a factor of 0.26. Seizures occurred in three of 96 patients with metastases on diazepam and in 14 of 92 patients with metastases but without diazepam. Factors related to increased risk of contrast media-associated seizures are: (1) prior seizure history due to brain metastases and/or prior contrast, (2) progressive cerebral metastases, and (3) prior or concurrent brain antineoplastic therapy. Factors not related to an increased risk of these seizures are: (1) contrast media dosage, chemical composition, or osmolarity, (2) computed tomographic appearance of metastases, and (3) type of primary malignancy. Concomitant therapeutic levels of diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin) do not protect completely against contrast media-associated seizures. Pathophysiology of contrast media-associated seizures is discussed in view of the risk factors determined by this study. |
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AbstractList | The effect of 5 mg of intravenous diazepam (Valium) on contrast media-associated seizure incidence was studied in a randomized controlled trial involving 284 patients with known or suspected brain metastases undergoing cerebral computed tomography. Of these patients, 188 were found to have brain metastases, and it is estimated that for this subgroup prophylactic diazepam reduces the risk of contrast-associated seizure by a factor of 0.26. Seizures occurred in three of 96 patients with metastases on diazepam and in 14 of 92 patients with metastases but without diazepam. Factors related to increased risk of contrast media-associated seizures are: (1) prior seizure history due to brain metastases and/or prior contrast, (2) progressive cerebral metastases, and (3) prior or concurrent brain antineoplastic therapy. Factors not related to an increased risk of these seizures are: (1) contrast media dosage, chemical composition, or osmolarity, (2) computed tomographic appearance of metastases, and (3) type of primary malignancy. Concomitant therapeutic levels of diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin) do not protect completely against contrast media-associated seizures. Pathophysiology of contrast media-associated seizures is discussed in view of the risk factors determined by this study. |
Author | Hayman, LA Bigelow, RH Libshitz, HI Pagani, JJ Wallace, S Lepke, RA |
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BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6340444$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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SubjectTerms | Aged Brain Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging Brain Neoplasms - secondary Brain Neoplasms - therapy Clinical Trials as Topic Contrast Media - adverse effects Diazepam - therapeutic use Humans Radiotherapy Dosage Random Allocation Risk Seizures - chemically induced Seizures - prevention & control Tomography, X-Ray Computed - methods |
Title | Diazepam prophylaxis of contrast media-induced seizures during computed tomography of patients with brain metastases |
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