Fracture energy based approach for cemented carbides grain debonding
•The shape of WC grains can be approximated by a rectangle with good accuracy.•WC grains with borders parallel to the surface are 100 times less sensitive to debonding than tilted grains.•Equiaxed grains are less sensitive to debonding than elongated grains.•WC grains are subject to debonding whatev...
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| Published in | International journal of mechanical sciences Vol. 161-162; p. 105038 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier Ltd
01.10.2019
Elsevier |
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| Abstract | •The shape of WC grains can be approximated by a rectangle with good accuracy.•WC grains with borders parallel to the surface are 100 times less sensitive to debonding than tilted grains.•Equiaxed grains are less sensitive to debonding than elongated grains.•WC grains are subject to debonding whatever their shape or orientation as soon as friction is high (Coulomb's coefficient higher than 0.4).
Cemented carbide materials exhibit high hardness and fracture toughness. As a consequence they possess an excellent wear resistance that make them a material of choice for the manufacturing of cutting, drilling and forming tools. Cemented carbide materials are made of tungsten carbide (WC) grains embedded in a ductile metal phase, generally made of cobalt. The wear mechanism of the tungsten carbide and cobalt composites (WCCo) operates in several successive steps: removal of the cobalt binder in the surface vicinity, plastic deformation and/or fracture of WC grains, debonding of WC grains and finally galling of workpiece material in the cavities freed of the WC grains. The present study focuses on the debonding step of the WCCo wear mechanism.
A micromechanical finite element is developed to study de sensitivity of a WC grain to be torn off the surface of a WCCo composite structure. The model considers a single WC grain embedded in a homogeneous elementary volume of WCCo material. The geometry of the WC grain is a rectangle which perimeter, width and length are based on statistical analyses of actual WCCo die surfaces used in cold forming. Cohesive elements are used to model the junction between the grain and the elementary volume. The grain is torn off the surface when the fracture energy calculated within the cohesive element is totally consumed. The loadings applied on the grain are based on actual cold heading forming sequences. Various grain size, shape, orientation and friction conditions are tested. Results show that grain orientation, friction and WCCo material toughness play a great role in WC grain removal. Equiaxed grains with small perimeter are less sensitive to debonding. |
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| AbstractList | Cemented carbide materials exhibit high hardness and fracture toughness. As a consequence they possess an excellent wear resistance that make them a material of choice for the manufacturing of cutting, drilling and forming tools. Cemented carbide materials are made of tungsten carbide (WC) grains embedded in a ductile metal phase, generally made of cobalt. The wear mechanism of the tungsten carbide and cobalt composites (WCsingle bondCo) operates in several successive steps: removal of the cobalt binder in the surface vicinity, plastic deformation and/or fracture of WC grains, debonding of WC grains and finally galling of workpiece material in the cavities freed of the WC grains. The present study focuses on the debonding step of the WCsingle bondCo wear mechanism.A micromechanical finite element is developed to study de sensitivity of a WC grain to be torn off the surface of a WCsingle bondCo composite structure. The model considers a single WC grain embedded in a homogeneous elementary volume of WCsingle bondCo material. The geometry of the WC grain is a rectangle which perimeter, width and length are based on statistical analyses of actual WCsingle bondCo die surfaces used in cold forming. Cohesive elements are used to model the junction between the grain and the elementary volume. The grain is torn off the surface when the fracture energy calculated within the cohesive element is totally consumed. The loadings applied on the grain are based on actual cold heading forming sequences. Various grain size, shape, orientation and friction conditions are tested. Results show that grain orientation, friction and WCsingle bondCo material toughness play a great role in WC grain removal. Equiaxed grains with small perimeter are less sensitive to debonding. •The shape of WC grains can be approximated by a rectangle with good accuracy.•WC grains with borders parallel to the surface are 100 times less sensitive to debonding than tilted grains.•Equiaxed grains are less sensitive to debonding than elongated grains.•WC grains are subject to debonding whatever their shape or orientation as soon as friction is high (Coulomb's coefficient higher than 0.4). Cemented carbide materials exhibit high hardness and fracture toughness. As a consequence they possess an excellent wear resistance that make them a material of choice for the manufacturing of cutting, drilling and forming tools. Cemented carbide materials are made of tungsten carbide (WC) grains embedded in a ductile metal phase, generally made of cobalt. The wear mechanism of the tungsten carbide and cobalt composites (WCCo) operates in several successive steps: removal of the cobalt binder in the surface vicinity, plastic deformation and/or fracture of WC grains, debonding of WC grains and finally galling of workpiece material in the cavities freed of the WC grains. The present study focuses on the debonding step of the WCCo wear mechanism. A micromechanical finite element is developed to study de sensitivity of a WC grain to be torn off the surface of a WCCo composite structure. The model considers a single WC grain embedded in a homogeneous elementary volume of WCCo material. The geometry of the WC grain is a rectangle which perimeter, width and length are based on statistical analyses of actual WCCo die surfaces used in cold forming. Cohesive elements are used to model the junction between the grain and the elementary volume. The grain is torn off the surface when the fracture energy calculated within the cohesive element is totally consumed. The loadings applied on the grain are based on actual cold heading forming sequences. Various grain size, shape, orientation and friction conditions are tested. Results show that grain orientation, friction and WCCo material toughness play a great role in WC grain removal. Equiaxed grains with small perimeter are less sensitive to debonding. |
| ArticleNumber | 105038 |
| Author | Dubois, André Hubert, Cédric Dubar, Laurent Debras, Colin Dubar, Mirentxu |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Colin surname: Debras fullname: Debras, Colin – sequence: 2 givenname: Laurent surname: Dubar fullname: Dubar, Laurent – sequence: 3 givenname: Mirentxu surname: Dubar fullname: Dubar, Mirentxu – sequence: 4 givenname: Cédric surname: Hubert fullname: Hubert, Cédric – sequence: 5 givenname: André surname: Dubois fullname: Dubois, André email: andre.dubois@uphf.fr |
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| Keywords | Tungsten carbide Finite element modelling Wear modelling Fracture Particle shape Surface analysis Grain removal |
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| Snippet | •The shape of WC grains can be approximated by a rectangle with good accuracy.•WC grains with borders parallel to the surface are 100 times less sensitive to... Cemented carbide materials exhibit high hardness and fracture toughness. As a consequence they possess an excellent wear resistance that make them a material... |
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| SubjectTerms | Engineering Sciences Finite element modelling Fracture Grain removal Mechanics Particle shape Surface analysis Tungsten carbide Wear modelling |
| Title | Fracture energy based approach for cemented carbides grain debonding |
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