Optimal vessel speed and fleet size for industrial shipping services under the emission control area regulation

•Evaluate the economic and environmental effects of the emission control areas (ECAs).•Closed-form solutions for the optimal integer fleet size and continuous vessel speeds are derived.•Numerical results are compared, e.g., before and after the ECAs regulation, with continuous or discrete fleet size...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inTransportation research. Part C, Emerging technologies Vol. 105; pp. 37 - 53
Main Authors Sheng, Dian, Meng, Qiang, Li, Zhi-Chun
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier Ltd 01.08.2019
Subjects
Continuous-discrete optimization
Emission control areas
Industrial shipping
Vessel speed optimization
Vessel speed optimization
Continuous-discrete optimization
Industrial shipping
Emission control areas
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract •Evaluate the economic and environmental effects of the emission control areas (ECAs).•Closed-form solutions for the optimal integer fleet size and continuous vessel speeds are derived.•Numerical results are compared, e.g., before and after the ECAs regulation, with continuous or discrete fleet size decision variable. This study aims to determine the optimal vessel speed and ship fleet size for an industrial shipping service operating through the emission control areas (ECAs). To comply with the ECA regulation, the industrial shipping service operator can adjust its vessel speeds and fleet size to minimize the annual fleet cost, which includes the total fleet operating cost and in-transit cargo inventory cost. A mixed-integer convex cost-minimization model is developed for the determination of optimal vessel speeds and fleet size, in which the vessel speeds are continuous decision variables and the fleet size is an integer decision variable. The analytical optimal solution of the developed model is identified by relaxing the integer restriction of the fleet size variable. It is shown that how the in-transit cargo inventory cost can play a role in changing the way that the optimal vessel speed is identified. We also demonstrate that the minimal annual fleet cost could be attained by simply comparing two candidate analytical solutions. Numerical studies are carried out to investigate the economic and environmental impacts of the ECA regulation on several representative industrial shipping services. Recommendations are also provided on the proper modeling choice of fleet size in different contexts.
AbstractList •Evaluate the economic and environmental effects of the emission control areas (ECAs).•Closed-form solutions for the optimal integer fleet size and continuous vessel speeds are derived.•Numerical results are compared, e.g., before and after the ECAs regulation, with continuous or discrete fleet size decision variable. This study aims to determine the optimal vessel speed and ship fleet size for an industrial shipping service operating through the emission control areas (ECAs). To comply with the ECA regulation, the industrial shipping service operator can adjust its vessel speeds and fleet size to minimize the annual fleet cost, which includes the total fleet operating cost and in-transit cargo inventory cost. A mixed-integer convex cost-minimization model is developed for the determination of optimal vessel speeds and fleet size, in which the vessel speeds are continuous decision variables and the fleet size is an integer decision variable. The analytical optimal solution of the developed model is identified by relaxing the integer restriction of the fleet size variable. It is shown that how the in-transit cargo inventory cost can play a role in changing the way that the optimal vessel speed is identified. We also demonstrate that the minimal annual fleet cost could be attained by simply comparing two candidate analytical solutions. Numerical studies are carried out to investigate the economic and environmental impacts of the ECA regulation on several representative industrial shipping services. Recommendations are also provided on the proper modeling choice of fleet size in different contexts.
Author Sheng, Dian
Li, Zhi-Chun
Meng, Qiang
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Dian
  surname: Sheng
  fullname: Sheng, Dian
  email: dianshenghust@gmail.com
  organization: School of Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Qiang
  surname: Meng
  fullname: Meng, Qiang
  organization: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Zhi-Chun
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Zhi-Chun
  organization: School of Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
BookMark eNp9kM9qwzAMh83oYG23B9jNL5DMTuKkYadR9g8GvWywm3FkuXVJnWC7he3p56477dCTkPh9QvpmZOIGh4TccpZzxuu7bR495AXjbc5EzsrFBZnyRdNmRSnaCZmytl5krGWfV2QWwpaxlBTNlAyrMdqd6ukBQ8CehhFRU-U0NT1ipMF-IzWDp9bpfYjepmjY2HG0bk0D-oMFDHTvNHoaN0hxZ0Owg6MwuOiHniqPinpc73sV0_yaXBrVB7z5q3Py8fT4vnzJ3lbPr8uHtwzKSsSsEKLDuhEtL3QDTBWCd7rjLat56lvTMagqKLFDAaABUBi20MKUQpUVKFPOCT_tBT-E4NHI0ac__ZfkTB6Nya1MxuTRmGRCJmOJaf4xYOPv1dEr258l708kppcOFr0MYNEBausRotSDPUP_AJI8jFA
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trb_2021_04_006
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_oceaneng_2023_115669
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trb_2020_12_006
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_marpolbul_2024_116039
crossref_primary_10_3390_math11244897
crossref_primary_10_1080_03088839_2023_2180550
crossref_primary_10_1017_dce_2024_55
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tre_2024_103543
crossref_primary_10_32604_cmes_2023_025828
crossref_primary_10_1007_s44176_022_00003_2
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trd_2024_104227
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_oceaneng_2021_109224
crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_6613332
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_oceaneng_2020_108530
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_oceaneng_2022_112826
crossref_primary_10_3390_atmos16030285
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tre_2022_102818
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4106427
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclepro_2025_144939
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eswa_2024_123246
crossref_primary_10_3390_jmse11050894
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_oceaneng_2023_114420
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trb_2023_102799
crossref_primary_10_3390_math11214410
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tre_2025_104049
crossref_primary_10_1155_2020_8892781
crossref_primary_10_1177_03611981211036372
crossref_primary_10_3390_jmse12081405
crossref_primary_10_3390_su15043734
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclepro_2022_135814
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tre_2019_101835
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12351_024_00858_1
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tre_2022_102651
crossref_primary_10_1108_MABR_03_2019_0012
crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_6639218
crossref_primary_10_3390_drones7030158
crossref_primary_10_3390_jmse10050622
crossref_primary_10_3390_jmse11091647
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trd_2024_104553
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tranpol_2023_10_023
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rsma_2022_102371
crossref_primary_10_1093_ijlct_ctaa105
crossref_primary_10_1109_TITS_2022_3189979
crossref_primary_10_3390_app14219816
crossref_primary_10_3390_jmse11091809
crossref_primary_10_3390_jmse13020204
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10479_022_04590_x
crossref_primary_10_3390_su151813907
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_marpol_2024_106300
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_oceaneng_2023_113784
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trc_2019_11_004
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tra_2024_104091
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trd_2023_103639
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_martra_2021_100009
crossref_primary_10_1287_opre_2022_0361
crossref_primary_10_3390_su11226281
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_marpolbul_2024_116938
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trd_2020_102349
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apor_2020_102416
crossref_primary_10_3390_su16062465
crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_6678473
crossref_primary_10_1287_trsc_2023_0278
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ocecoaman_2022_106182
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tranpol_2025_03_005
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cie_2024_110788
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tranpol_2022_06_011
crossref_primary_10_3390_su12187828
crossref_primary_10_3390_su12083220
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tre_2022_102677
crossref_primary_10_1080_0305215X_2025_2456593
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejor_2025_03_008
crossref_primary_10_1109_TITS_2023_3279391
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejor_2022_08_039
crossref_primary_10_3390_machines13020076
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_egyr_2022_07_120
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tre_2024_103439
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_oceaneng_2020_107697
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tre_2023_103185
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10696_019_09367_2
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11081_023_09803_1
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cie_2020_106296
crossref_primary_10_1080_00207543_2022_2088427
Cites_doi 10.1016/j.trc.2014.03.001
10.1016/j.tre.2011.12.003
10.1016/j.trc.2014.12.010
10.1016/j.trc.2010.05.001
10.1080/03088839.2016.1237781
10.1080/03088839.2017.1375165
10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2008.05.003
10.1016/j.trc.2012.09.012
10.1016/j.cor.2014.03.017
10.1016/j.trc.2018.01.020
10.1016/j.trc.2017.02.010
10.1016/j.trb.2016.05.001
10.1016/j.tre.2011.10.011
10.1016/j.trd.2010.05.001
10.1016/j.tre.2015.02.004
10.1016/j.tre.2015.01.013
10.1016/j.trb.2015.03.001
10.1080/03088839.2013.797118
10.1016/j.trb.2018.10.011
10.1016/j.trd.2013.12.010
10.1016/j.trd.2018.02.005
10.1016/j.trc.2015.04.019
10.1016/j.trb.2015.10.003
10.1016/j.trd.2013.12.005
10.1016/j.tre.2017.12.008
10.1057/jors.2009.169
10.1016/j.tre.2009.06.004
10.1016/j.trd.2015.06.005
10.1080/03088839.2013.872311
10.1057/palgrave.mel.9100148
10.1016/j.trd.2017.06.024
10.1016/j.trc.2018.03.013
10.1016/j.trd.2014.03.002
10.1016/j.tre.2011.05.011
10.1016/j.trb.2013.06.012
10.1016/j.ejor.2015.10.052
10.1016/j.trd.2013.12.009
10.1287/trsc.2013.0461
10.1016/j.omega.2009.12.003
10.1016/j.trd.2009.08.005
10.1016/j.trc.2012.05.002
10.1016/j.trd.2013.12.004
10.1016/j.trd.2017.07.003
10.1016/j.trb.2017.07.004
10.1016/j.trb.2015.10.004
10.1016/j.tre.2012.02.001
10.1016/j.trd.2017.09.010
10.1016/j.tre.2017.03.004
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Copyright_xml – notice: 2019 Elsevier Ltd
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
DOI 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038
DatabaseName CrossRef
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
DatabaseTitleList
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Economics
Engineering
EISSN 1879-2359
EndPage 53
ExternalDocumentID 10_1016_j_trc_2019_05_038
S0968090X1831670X
GroupedDBID --K
--M
-~X
.DC
.~1
0R~
123
1B1
1RT
1~.
1~5
29Q
4.4
457
4G.
5VS
7-5
71M
8P~
9JN
9JO
AAAKF
AAAKG
AACTN
AAEDT
AAEDW
AAFJI
AAIAV
AAIKJ
AAKOC
AALRI
AAOAW
AAQFI
AAQXK
AARIN
AAXUO
AAYFN
ABBOA
ABLJU
ABMAC
ABMMH
ABUCO
ABXDB
ABYKQ
ACDAQ
ACGFS
ACNNM
ACRLP
ACZNC
ADBBV
ADEZE
ADJOM
ADMUD
ADTZH
AEBSH
AECPX
AEKER
AFKWA
AFTJW
AGHFR
AGUBO
AGYEJ
AHHHB
AHJVU
AHZHX
AIALX
AIEXJ
AIKHN
AITUG
AJBFU
AJOXV
AKYCK
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMFUW
AMRAJ
AOMHK
AOUOD
APLSM
ASPBG
AVARZ
AVWKF
AXJTR
AZFZN
BJAXD
BKOJK
BLXMC
CS3
EBS
EFJIC
EFLBG
EJD
EO8
EO9
EP2
EP3
FDB
FEDTE
FGOYB
FIRID
FNPLU
FYGXN
G-2
G-Q
GBLVA
GBOLZ
HAMUX
HMY
HVGLF
HZ~
H~9
IHE
J1W
JJJVA
KOM
LY1
LY7
M3Y
M41
MO0
MS~
N9A
O-L
O9-
OAUVE
OZT
P-8
P-9
P2P
PC.
PRBVW
Q38
R2-
RIG
ROL
RPZ
SDF
SDG
SDS
SES
SET
SEW
SPC
SPCBC
SSB
SSD
SSO
SSS
SST
SSV
SSZ
T5K
TN5
WUQ
XPP
~G-
AATTM
AAXKI
AAYWO
AAYXX
ABWVN
ACRPL
ADNMO
AEIPS
AFJKZ
AFXIZ
AGCQF
AGQPQ
AGRNS
AIIUN
ANKPU
APXCP
BNPGV
CITATION
SSH
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c345t-255be675912d7c0a251bdb19061d7c9fb0c44c3ebe5ccdcce5f08d5f35a34caf3
IEDL.DBID .~1
ISSN 0968-090X
IngestDate Tue Jul 01 01:45:10 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:05:59 EDT 2025
Fri Feb 23 02:16:18 EST 2024
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Keywords Vessel speed optimization
Continuous-discrete optimization
Industrial shipping
Emission control areas
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c345t-255be675912d7c0a251bdb19061d7c9fb0c44c3ebe5ccdcce5f08d5f35a34caf3
PageCount 17
ParticipantIDs crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trc_2019_05_038
crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_trc_2019_05_038
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_trc_2019_05_038
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2019-08-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2019-08-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 08
  year: 2019
  text: 2019-08-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationTitle Transportation research. Part C, Emerging technologies
PublicationYear 2019
Publisher Elsevier Ltd
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier Ltd
References Cullinane, Bergqvist (b0030) 2014; 28
Meng, Wang, Andersson, Thun (b0135) 2013; 48
Ng (b0145) 2018
Mallidis, Iakovou, Dekker, Vlachos (b0125) 2018; 111
Jiang, Kronbak, Christensen (b0095) 2014; 28
Lee, Chang, Lee (b0105) 2013; 58
Li, Qi, Song (b0120) 2016; 93
Third IMO GHG Study, 2014. International Maritime Organization, London, United Kingdom.
Psaraftis, Kontovas (b0180) 2010; 15
Gelareh, Meng (b0065) 2010; 46
Dai, Fu, Yip, Hu, Wang (b0035) 2018; 110
Wang, Fu, Luo (b0230) 2015; 77
Holmgren, Nikopoulou, Ramstedt, Woxenius (b0085) 2014; 28
Corbett, Wang, Winebrake (b0025) 2009; 14
Sheng, Li, Fu, Gillen (b0210) 2017; 101
Wang, Meng, Tan (b0260) 2018; 45
Fagerholt, Gausel, Rakke, Psaraftis (b0055) 2015; 52
Patricksson, Erikstad (b0175) 2017; 44
Hermeling, Klement, Koesler, Köhler, Klement (b0080) 2015; 78
.
Homsombat, Yip, Yang, Fu (b0090) 2013; 40
Notteboom (b0155) 2006; 8
Schinas, Stefanakos (b0205) 2012; 25
Kosmas, Acciaro (b0100) 2017; 57
Doudnikoff, Lacoste (b0040) 2014; 28
Fagerholt, Psaraftis (b0060) 2015; 39
Gu, Wallace (b0070) 2017; 55
Psaraftis, Kontovas (b0190) 2014; 44
Lee, Lee, Zhang (b0110) 2015; 76
Wang, Meng (b0255) 2017; 77
Chen, Yip, Mou (b0020) 2018; 58
Balland, Girard, Erikstad, Fagerholt (b0010) 2015; 42
Du, Chen, Quan, Long, Fung (b0045) 2011; 47
Song, Dong (b0215) 2013; 55
Wang, Meng (b0235) 2012; 48
Norstad, Fagerholt, Laporte (b0150) 2011; 19
Andersson, Fagerholt, Hobbesland (b0005) 2015; 55
Msakni, Haouari (b0140) 2018; 90
Wang, Meng, Du (b0250) 2015; 82
Xia, Wang, Wang (b0275) 2019; 119
Psaraftis, Kontovas (b0185) 2013; 26
Notteboom, Vernimmen (b0160) 2009; 17
Wang, Meng, Kuang (b0265) 2018; 89
Patricksson, Fagerholt, Rakke (b0170) 2015; 56
He, Zhang, Nip (b0075) 2017; 104
Magirou, Psaraftis, Bouritas (b0130) 2015; 76
Ronen (b0200) 2011; 62
Wong, Tai, Lau, Raman (b0270) 2015; 78
Cheaitou, Cariou (b0015) 2018; 273
UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development), 2017. Review of Maritime Transport 2017
Qi, Song (b0195) 2012; 48
Wang, Meng (b0240) 2012; 48
Panagakos, Stamatopoulou, Psaraftis (b0165) 2014; 28
Wang (b0245) 2016; 250
Fagerholt, Christiansen, Hvattum, Johnsen, Vabø (b0050) 2010; 38
Zhen, Li, Hu, Lv, Zhao (b9015) 2018; 62
Lee, Song (b0115) 2017; 95
Corbett (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0025) 2009; 14
Notteboom (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0160) 2009; 17
Homsombat (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0090) 2013; 40
Wang (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0235) 2012; 48
Lee (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0110) 2015; 76
Wang (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0255) 2017; 77
Hermeling (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0080) 2015; 78
Wang (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0260) 2018; 45
Wang (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0230) 2015; 77
Panagakos (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0165) 2014; 28
Patricksson (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0175) 2017; 44
Wang (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0240) 2012; 48
Fagerholt (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0050) 2010; 38
Holmgren (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0085) 2014; 28
Gu (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0070) 2017; 55
Patricksson (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0170) 2015; 56
Ronen (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0200) 2011; 62
Cheaitou (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0015) 2018; 273
10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0225
Mallidis (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0125) 2018; 111
Magirou (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0130) 2015; 76
Norstad (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0150) 2011; 19
Dai (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0035) 2018; 110
Sheng (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0210) 2017; 101
Schinas (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0205) 2012; 25
Psaraftis (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0180) 2010; 15
Lee (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0105) 2013; 58
Andersson (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0005) 2015; 55
Fagerholt (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0060) 2015; 39
Psaraftis (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0185) 2013; 26
10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0220
Wong (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0270) 2015; 78
Wang (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0265) 2018; 89
Balland (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0010) 2015; 42
Du (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0045) 2011; 47
Notteboom (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0155) 2006; 8
He (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0075) 2017; 104
Ng (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0145) 2018
Gelareh (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0065) 2010; 46
Meng (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0135) 2013; 48
Psaraftis (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0190) 2014; 44
Song (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0215) 2013; 55
Xia (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0275) 2019; 119
Fagerholt (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0055) 2015; 52
Jiang (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0095) 2014; 28
Cullinane (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0030) 2014; 28
Doudnikoff (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0040) 2014; 28
Chen (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0020) 2018; 58
Lee (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0115) 2017; 95
Wang (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0250) 2015; 82
Msakni (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0140) 2018; 90
Qi (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0195) 2012; 48
Wang (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0245) 2016; 250
Zhen (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b9015) 2018; 62
Li (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0120) 2016; 93
Kosmas (10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0100) 2017; 57
References_xml – volume: 78
  start-page: 34
  year: 2015
  end-page: 53
  ident: b0080
  article-title: Sailing into a dilemma: An economic and legal analysis of an EU trading scheme for maritime emissions
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part A
– volume: 42
  start-page: 362
  year: 2015
  end-page: 376
  ident: b0010
  article-title: Optimized selection of vessel air emission controls-moving beyond cost-efficiency
  publication-title: Maritime Policy Manage.
– reference: Third IMO GHG Study, 2014. International Maritime Organization, London, United Kingdom.
– volume: 38
  start-page: 465
  year: 2010
  end-page: 474
  ident: b0050
  article-title: A decision support methodology for strategic planning in maritime transportation
  publication-title: Omega
– volume: 95
  start-page: 442
  year: 2017
  end-page: 474
  ident: b0115
  article-title: Ocean container transport in global supply chains: Overview and research opportunities
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B
– volume: 56
  start-page: 346
  year: 2015
  end-page: 358
  ident: b0170
  article-title: The fleet renewal problem with regional emission limitations: Case study from Roll-on/Roll-off shipping
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C
– volume: 110
  start-page: 291
  year: 2018
  end-page: 305
  ident: b0035
  article-title: Emission charge and liner shipping network configuration–An economic investigation of the Asia-Europe route
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part A
– volume: 58
  start-page: 280
  year: 2018
  end-page: 291
  ident: b0020
  article-title: Provision of Emission Control Area and the impact on shipping route choice and ship emissions
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part D
– volume: 39
  start-page: 56
  year: 2015
  end-page: 64
  ident: b0060
  article-title: On two speed optimization problems for ships that sail in and out of emission control areas
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part D
– year: 2018
  ident: b0145
  article-title: Vessel speed optimisation in container shipping: A new look
  publication-title: J. Operat. Res. Soc.
– volume: 55
  start-page: 233
  year: 2015
  end-page: 240
  ident: b0005
  article-title: Integrated maritime fleet deployment and speed optimization: Case study from RoRo shipping
  publication-title: Comput. Oper. Res.
– reference: UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development), 2017. Review of Maritime Transport 2017,
– volume: 44
  start-page: 52
  year: 2014
  end-page: 69
  ident: b0190
  article-title: Ship speed optimization: Concepts, models and combined speed-routing scenarios
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C
– volume: 78
  start-page: 57
  year: 2015
  end-page: 69
  ident: b0270
  article-title: An utility-based decision support sustainability model in slow steaming maritime operations
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part E
– volume: 25
  start-page: 81
  year: 2012
  end-page: 99
  ident: b0205
  article-title: Cost assessment of environmental regulation and options for marine operators
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C
– volume: 52
  start-page: 57
  year: 2015
  end-page: 73
  ident: b0055
  article-title: Maritime routing and speed optimization with emission control areas
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C
– volume: 28
  start-page: 19
  year: 2014
  end-page: 27
  ident: b0095
  article-title: The costs and benefits of sulphur reduction measures: Sulphur scrubbers versus marine gas oil
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part D
– volume: 111
  start-page: 18
  year: 2018
  end-page: 39
  ident: b0125
  article-title: The impact of slow steaming on the carriers’ and shippers’ costs: The case of a global logistics network
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part E
– volume: 77
  start-page: 35
  year: 2015
  end-page: 49
  ident: b0230
  article-title: Modeling the impacts of alternative emission trading schemes on international shipping
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part A
– volume: 76
  start-page: 176
  year: 2015
  end-page: 190
  ident: b0110
  article-title: The impact of slow ocean steaming on delivery reliability and fuel consumption
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part E
– volume: 48
  start-page: 863
  year: 2012
  end-page: 880
  ident: b0195
  article-title: Minimizing fuel emissions by optimizing vessel schedules in liner shipping with uncertain port times
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part E
– volume: 89
  start-page: 35
  year: 2018
  end-page: 52
  ident: b0265
  article-title: Jointly optimizing ship sailing speed and bunker purchase in liner shipping with distribution-free stochastic bunker prices
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C
– volume: 28
  start-page: 74
  year: 2014
  end-page: 90
  ident: b0165
  article-title: The possible designation of the Mediterranean Sea as a SECA: A case study
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part D
– volume: 104
  start-page: 198
  year: 2017
  end-page: 214
  ident: b0075
  article-title: Speed optimization over a path with heterogeneous arc costs
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B
– volume: 77
  start-page: 389
  year: 2017
  end-page: 404
  ident: b0255
  article-title: Container liner fleet deployment: A systematic overview
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C
– volume: 46
  start-page: 76
  year: 2010
  end-page: 89
  ident: b0065
  article-title: A novel modeling approach for the fleet deployment problem within a short-term planning horizon
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part E
– volume: 8
  start-page: 19
  year: 2006
  end-page: 39
  ident: b0155
  article-title: The time factor in liner shipping services
  publication-title: Maritime Econ. Logist.
– volume: 45
  start-page: 211
  year: 2018
  end-page: 238
  ident: b0260
  article-title: Short-term liner shipping bunker procurement with swap contracts
  publication-title: Maritime Policy Manage.
– volume: 55
  start-page: 51
  year: 2017
  end-page: 66
  ident: b0070
  article-title: Scrubber: A potentially overestimated compliance method for the Emission Control Areas: The importance of involving a ship’s sailing pattern in the evaluation
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part D
– volume: 76
  start-page: 48
  year: 2015
  end-page: 67
  ident: b0130
  article-title: The economic speed of an oceangoing vessel in a dynamic setting
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B
– volume: 57
  start-page: 195
  year: 2017
  end-page: 206
  ident: b0100
  article-title: Bunker levy schemes for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction in international shipping
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part D
– volume: 48
  start-page: 701
  year: 2012
  end-page: 714
  ident: b0235
  article-title: Sailing speed optimization for container ships in a liner shipping network
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part E
– volume: 273
  start-page: 501
  year: 2018
  end-page: 525
  ident: b0015
  article-title: Greening of maritime transportation: A multi-objective optimization approach
  publication-title: Ann. Oper. Res.
– volume: 48
  start-page: 265
  year: 2013
  end-page: 280
  ident: b0135
  article-title: Containership routing and scheduling in liner shipping: Overview and future research directions
  publication-title: Transport. Sci.
– volume: 93
  start-page: 762
  year: 2016
  end-page: 788
  ident: b0120
  article-title: Real-time schedule recovery in liner shipping service with regular uncertainties and disruption events
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B
– volume: 90
  start-page: 393
  year: 2018
  end-page: 410
  ident: b0140
  article-title: Short-term planning of liquefied natural gas deliveries
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1
  year: 2014
  end-page: 5
  ident: b0030
  article-title: Emission control areas and their impact on maritime transport
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part D
– volume: 40
  start-page: 451
  year: 2013
  end-page: 466
  ident: b0090
  article-title: Regional cooperation and management of port pollution
  publication-title: Maritime Policy Manage.
– volume: 28
  start-page: 62
  year: 2014
  end-page: 73
  ident: b0085
  article-title: Modelling modal choice effects of regulation on low-sulphur marine fuels in Northern Europe
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part D
– volume: 119
  start-page: 174
  year: 2019
  end-page: 196
  ident: b0275
  article-title: Drone scheduling to monitor vessels in emission control areas
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B
– volume: 28
  start-page: 51
  year: 2014
  end-page: 61
  ident: b0040
  article-title: Effect of a speed reduction of containerships in response to higher energy costs in Sulphur Emission Control Areas
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part D
– volume: 19
  start-page: 853
  year: 2011
  end-page: 865
  ident: b0150
  article-title: Tramp ship routing and scheduling with speed optimization
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C
– volume: 250
  start-page: 46
  year: 2016
  end-page: 55
  ident: b0245
  article-title: Fundamental properties and pseudo-polynomial-time algorithm for network containership sailing speed optimization
  publication-title: Eur. J. Oper. Res.
– volume: 82
  start-page: 141
  year: 2015
  end-page: 161
  ident: b0250
  article-title: Liner container seasonal shipping revenue management
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B
– volume: 26
  start-page: 331
  year: 2013
  end-page: 351
  ident: b0185
  article-title: Speed models for energy-efficient maritime transportation: A taxonomy and survey
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C
– volume: 44
  start-page: 94
  year: 2017
  end-page: 111
  ident: b0175
  article-title: A two-stage optimization approach for sulphur emission regulation compliance
  publication-title: Maritime Policy Manage.
– volume: 101
  start-page: 99
  year: 2017
  end-page: 114
  ident: b0210
  article-title: Modeling the effects of unilateral and uniform emission regulations under shipping company and port competition
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part E
– volume: 62
  start-page: 211
  year: 2011
  end-page: 216
  ident: b0200
  article-title: The effect of oil price on containership speed and fleet size
  publication-title: J. Operat. Res. Soc.
– volume: 17
  start-page: 325
  year: 2009
  end-page: 337
  ident: b0160
  article-title: The effect of high fuel costs on liner service configuration in container shipping
  publication-title: J. Transp. Geogr.
– volume: 15
  start-page: 458
  year: 2010
  end-page: 462
  ident: b0180
  article-title: Balancing the economic and environmental performance of maritime transportation
  publication-title: Transport. Res. Part D
– volume: 48
  start-page: 470
  year: 2012
  end-page: 484
  ident: b0240
  article-title: Liner ship fleet deployment with container transshipment operations
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part E
– reference: .
– volume: 62
  start-page: 47
  year: 2018
  end-page: 63
  ident: b9015
  article-title: The effects of emission control area regulations on cruise shipping
  publication-title: Transport. Res. Part D Transp. Environ.
– volume: 58
  start-page: 87
  year: 2013
  end-page: 102
  ident: b0105
  article-title: Economy-wide impact analysis of a carbon tax on international container shipping
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part A
– volume: 55
  start-page: 188
  year: 2013
  end-page: 211
  ident: b0215
  article-title: Long-haul liner service route design with ship deployment and empty container repositioning
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B
– volume: 14
  start-page: 593
  year: 2009
  end-page: 598
  ident: b0025
  article-title: The effectiveness and costs of speed reductions on emissions from international shipping
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part D
– volume: 47
  start-page: 1021
  year: 2011
  end-page: 1037
  ident: b0045
  article-title: Berth allocation considering fuel consumption and vessel emissions
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part E
– volume: 44
  start-page: 52
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0190
  article-title: Ship speed optimization: Concepts, models and combined speed-routing scenarios
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C
  doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2014.03.001
– year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0145
  article-title: Vessel speed optimisation in container shipping: A new look
  publication-title: J. Operat. Res. Soc.
– volume: 48
  start-page: 701
  issue: 3
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0235
  article-title: Sailing speed optimization for container ships in a liner shipping network
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part E
  doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2011.12.003
– volume: 52
  start-page: 57
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0055
  article-title: Maritime routing and speed optimization with emission control areas
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C
  doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2014.12.010
– volume: 19
  start-page: 853
  issue: 5
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0150
  article-title: Tramp ship routing and scheduling with speed optimization
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C
  doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2010.05.001
– volume: 44
  start-page: 94
  issue: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0175
  article-title: A two-stage optimization approach for sulphur emission regulation compliance
  publication-title: Maritime Policy Manage.
  doi: 10.1080/03088839.2016.1237781
– volume: 78
  start-page: 34
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0080
  article-title: Sailing into a dilemma: An economic and legal analysis of an EU trading scheme for maritime emissions
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part A
– volume: 45
  start-page: 211
  issue: 2
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0260
  article-title: Short-term liner shipping bunker procurement with swap contracts
  publication-title: Maritime Policy Manage.
  doi: 10.1080/03088839.2017.1375165
– volume: 17
  start-page: 325
  issue: 5
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0160
  article-title: The effect of high fuel costs on liner service configuration in container shipping
  publication-title: J. Transp. Geogr.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2008.05.003
– volume: 26
  start-page: 331
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0185
  article-title: Speed models for energy-efficient maritime transportation: A taxonomy and survey
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C
  doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2012.09.012
– volume: 55
  start-page: 233
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0005
  article-title: Integrated maritime fleet deployment and speed optimization: Case study from RoRo shipping
  publication-title: Comput. Oper. Res.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cor.2014.03.017
– volume: 89
  start-page: 35
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0265
  article-title: Jointly optimizing ship sailing speed and bunker purchase in liner shipping with distribution-free stochastic bunker prices
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C
  doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2018.01.020
– ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0220
– volume: 77
  start-page: 389
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0255
  article-title: Container liner fleet deployment: A systematic overview
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C
  doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2017.02.010
– volume: 110
  start-page: 291
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0035
  article-title: Emission charge and liner shipping network configuration–An economic investigation of the Asia-Europe route
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part A
– volume: 95
  start-page: 442
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0115
  article-title: Ocean container transport in global supply chains: Overview and research opportunities
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B
  doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2016.05.001
– volume: 48
  start-page: 470
  issue: 2
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0240
  article-title: Liner ship fleet deployment with container transshipment operations
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part E
  doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2011.10.011
– volume: 15
  start-page: 458
  issue: 8
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0180
  article-title: Balancing the economic and environmental performance of maritime transportation
  publication-title: Transport. Res. Part D
  doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2010.05.001
– volume: 273
  start-page: 501
  issue: 1–2
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0015
  article-title: Greening of maritime transportation: A multi-objective optimization approach
  publication-title: Ann. Oper. Res.
– volume: 76
  start-page: 176
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0110
  article-title: The impact of slow ocean steaming on delivery reliability and fuel consumption
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part E
  doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2015.02.004
– volume: 78
  start-page: 57
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0270
  article-title: An utility-based decision support sustainability model in slow steaming maritime operations
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part E
  doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2015.01.013
– volume: 76
  start-page: 48
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0130
  article-title: The economic speed of an oceangoing vessel in a dynamic setting
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B
  doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2015.03.001
– volume: 40
  start-page: 451
  issue: 5
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0090
  article-title: Regional cooperation and management of port pollution
  publication-title: Maritime Policy Manage.
  doi: 10.1080/03088839.2013.797118
– volume: 119
  start-page: 174
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0275
  article-title: Drone scheduling to monitor vessels in emission control areas
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B
  doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2018.10.011
– volume: 28
  start-page: 74
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0165
  article-title: The possible designation of the Mediterranean Sea as a SECA: A case study
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part D
  doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2013.12.010
– volume: 62
  start-page: 47
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b9015
  article-title: The effects of emission control area regulations on cruise shipping
  publication-title: Transport. Res. Part D Transp. Environ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2018.02.005
– volume: 56
  start-page: 346
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0170
  article-title: The fleet renewal problem with regional emission limitations: Case study from Roll-on/Roll-off shipping
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C
  doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2015.04.019
– volume: 82
  start-page: 141
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0250
  article-title: Liner container seasonal shipping revenue management
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B
  doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2015.10.003
– volume: 28
  start-page: 19
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0095
  article-title: The costs and benefits of sulphur reduction measures: Sulphur scrubbers versus marine gas oil
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part D
  doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2013.12.005
– volume: 111
  start-page: 18
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0125
  article-title: The impact of slow steaming on the carriers’ and shippers’ costs: The case of a global logistics network
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part E
  doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2017.12.008
– volume: 62
  start-page: 211
  issue: 1
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0200
  article-title: The effect of oil price on containership speed and fleet size
  publication-title: J. Operat. Res. Soc.
  doi: 10.1057/jors.2009.169
– volume: 46
  start-page: 76
  issue: 1
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0065
  article-title: A novel modeling approach for the fleet deployment problem within a short-term planning horizon
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part E
  doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2009.06.004
– ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0225
– volume: 39
  start-page: 56
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0060
  article-title: On two speed optimization problems for ships that sail in and out of emission control areas
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part D
  doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2015.06.005
– volume: 42
  start-page: 362
  issue: 4
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0010
  article-title: Optimized selection of vessel air emission controls-moving beyond cost-efficiency
  publication-title: Maritime Policy Manage.
  doi: 10.1080/03088839.2013.872311
– volume: 8
  start-page: 19
  issue: 1
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0155
  article-title: The time factor in liner shipping services
  publication-title: Maritime Econ. Logist.
  doi: 10.1057/palgrave.mel.9100148
– volume: 55
  start-page: 51
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0070
  article-title: Scrubber: A potentially overestimated compliance method for the Emission Control Areas: The importance of involving a ship’s sailing pattern in the evaluation
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part D
  doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2017.06.024
– volume: 90
  start-page: 393
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0140
  article-title: Short-term planning of liquefied natural gas deliveries
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C
  doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2018.03.013
– volume: 28
  start-page: 51
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0040
  article-title: Effect of a speed reduction of containerships in response to higher energy costs in Sulphur Emission Control Areas
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part D
  doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2014.03.002
– volume: 47
  start-page: 1021
  issue: 6
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0045
  article-title: Berth allocation considering fuel consumption and vessel emissions
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part E
  doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2011.05.011
– volume: 55
  start-page: 188
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0215
  article-title: Long-haul liner service route design with ship deployment and empty container repositioning
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B
  doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2013.06.012
– volume: 250
  start-page: 46
  issue: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0245
  article-title: Fundamental properties and pseudo-polynomial-time algorithm for network containership sailing speed optimization
  publication-title: Eur. J. Oper. Res.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2015.10.052
– volume: 28
  start-page: 62
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0085
  article-title: Modelling modal choice effects of regulation on low-sulphur marine fuels in Northern Europe
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part D
  doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2013.12.009
– volume: 58
  start-page: 87
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0105
  article-title: Economy-wide impact analysis of a carbon tax on international container shipping
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part A
– volume: 48
  start-page: 265
  issue: 2
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0135
  article-title: Containership routing and scheduling in liner shipping: Overview and future research directions
  publication-title: Transport. Sci.
  doi: 10.1287/trsc.2013.0461
– volume: 38
  start-page: 465
  issue: 6
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0050
  article-title: A decision support methodology for strategic planning in maritime transportation
  publication-title: Omega
  doi: 10.1016/j.omega.2009.12.003
– volume: 77
  start-page: 35
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0230
  article-title: Modeling the impacts of alternative emission trading schemes on international shipping
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part A
– volume: 14
  start-page: 593
  issue: 8
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0025
  article-title: The effectiveness and costs of speed reductions on emissions from international shipping
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part D
  doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2009.08.005
– volume: 25
  start-page: 81
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0205
  article-title: Cost assessment of environmental regulation and options for marine operators
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C
  doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2012.05.002
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0030
  article-title: Emission control areas and their impact on maritime transport
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part D
  doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2013.12.004
– volume: 58
  start-page: 280
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0020
  article-title: Provision of Emission Control Area and the impact on shipping route choice and ship emissions
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part D
  doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2017.07.003
– volume: 104
  start-page: 198
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0075
  article-title: Speed optimization over a path with heterogeneous arc costs
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B
  doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2017.07.004
– volume: 93
  start-page: 762
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0120
  article-title: Real-time schedule recovery in liner shipping service with regular uncertainties and disruption events
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B
  doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2015.10.004
– volume: 48
  start-page: 863
  issue: 4
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0195
  article-title: Minimizing fuel emissions by optimizing vessel schedules in liner shipping with uncertain port times
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part E
  doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2012.02.001
– volume: 57
  start-page: 195
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0100
  article-title: Bunker levy schemes for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction in international shipping
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part D
  doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2017.09.010
– volume: 101
  start-page: 99
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038_b0210
  article-title: Modeling the effects of unilateral and uniform emission regulations under shipping company and port competition
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part E
  doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2017.03.004
SSID ssj0001957
Score 2.5194306
Snippet •Evaluate the economic and environmental effects of the emission control areas (ECAs).•Closed-form solutions for the optimal integer fleet size and continuous...
SourceID crossref
elsevier
SourceType Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 37
SubjectTerms Continuous-discrete optimization
Emission control areas
Industrial shipping
Vessel speed optimization
Title Optimal vessel speed and fleet size for industrial shipping services under the emission control area regulation
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2019.05.038
Volume 105
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LSwMxEA6lHtSDaFWsj5KDJ2FtdpPs41iKpSrUgxb2tuQJldqWdvXgwd_uZB-1gnrwmJCBZTKZ-ZL9ZgahSy1IJGJJPC608piQ2pMRFZ5lgdGWCc1VwbYYhcMxu0t52kD9OhfG0Sor31_69MJbVzPdSpvdxWTSfQTwHZOEpGCUfhiR1GWws8hZ-fXHF83DT8pqn7DYvUmk9Z_NguOVL10VQz8pine6FJWfYtNGvBnso70KKOJe-S0HqGFmLbRd5xGvWmh3o5TgIZo_wNl_AYE3Vwx8ilcLCEtYzDS2U2NyvJq8GwwAFU_WvTqwI2q5dCm8qhwGdhllSwyYELs2cO4hDVdcdiwAXeJl2bke5o_QeHDz1B96VTMFT1HGcw-uDtLA7SDxAx0pIgDXSC0BDoQ-jBMriWJMUdhTrpRWynBLYs0t5YIyJSw9Rs3ZfGZOEA5oaE1oEi6JZprROKYC_ITSgTWB1HEbkVqNmaoqjbuGF9OsppQ9Z6D5zGk-IzwDzbfR1VpkUZbZ-Gsxq_cm-2YrGYSB38VO_yd2hnbcqCT9naNmvnw1FwBEctkpLK2Dtnq398PRJ2EL4ZY
linkProvider Elsevier
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LT9tAEB6l4UA5oBJakULLHjghuVl7dx37iBAohZAeAMm31T6loGCixHDg0N_OrB-USm0PPXq9I1mzszPfrr-ZATiyio5VpmkklDURV9pGesxU5HnirOfKClOzLWbp5JZfFKLowWmXCxNola3vb3x67a3bkVGrzdFyPh9dI_jOaE4LNMo4HdPiHWxw3L6hjcG3n794HnHelPvE2eFSouh-bdYkr2oVyhjGeV29M-So_Ck4vQk45x9gu0WK5KT5mB3ouXIAm10i8XoAW29qCe7Cww_c_Pco8BSqgS_IeolxiajSEr9wriLr-bMjiFDJ_LVZBwlMrZAvRdatxyAhpWxFEBSS0Acu3KSRlsxOFMJLsmpa1-P4R7g9P7s5nURtN4XIMC6qCM8O2uHxII8TOzZUIbDRViMeSGN8zr2mhnPDcFGFMdYYJzzNrPBMKMaN8uwT9MuH0u0BSVjqXepyoanllrMsYwodhbGJd4m22RBop0Zp2lLjoePFQnacsjuJmpdB85IKiZofwvGryLKps_GvybxbG_mbsUiMA38X-_x_YoewObm5msrp99nlPrwPbxoG4AH0q9Wj-4KopNJfa6t7AZ6u4yQ
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Optimal+vessel+speed+and+fleet+size+for+industrial+shipping+services+under+the+emission+control+area+regulation&rft.jtitle=Transportation+research.+Part+C%2C+Emerging+technologies&rft.au=Sheng%2C+Dian&rft.au=Meng%2C+Qiang&rft.au=Li%2C+Zhi-Chun&rft.date=2019-08-01&rft.pub=Elsevier+Ltd&rft.issn=0968-090X&rft.eissn=1879-2359&rft.volume=105&rft.spage=37&rft.epage=53&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.trc.2019.05.038&rft.externalDocID=S0968090X1831670X
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0968-090X&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0968-090X&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0968-090X&client=summon