Diabetic individuals with COVID-19 exhibit reduced efficacy of gliptins in inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). A suggested explanation for increased COVID-19 susceptibility in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) has been proposed as a coreceptor for SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry. Considering that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been identified as the most important risk factor for SARS-CoV-2, and that gliptins (DPP4 inhibitors) are a prescribed diabetic treatment, this study ai...
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| Published in | Life sciences (1973) Vol. 336; p. 122292 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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01.01.2024
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| Abstract | Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) has been proposed as a coreceptor for SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry. Considering that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been identified as the most important risk factor for SARS-CoV-2, and that gliptins (DPP4 inhibitors) are a prescribed diabetic treatment, this study aims to unravel the impact of DPP4 in the intersection of T2DM/COVID-19.
We analyzed 189 serum human samples, divided into six clinical groups (controls, T2DM, T2DM + gliptins, COVID-19, COVID-19 + T2DM, and COVID-19 + T2DM + gliptins), measuring DPP4 protein concentration and activity by Western blot, ELISA, and commercial activity kits. The obtained results were verified in Huh-7 cellular models.
Both DPP4 concentration and activity were decreased in COVID-19 patients, and as in T2DM patients, compared to controls. Despite these lower levels, the ratio of DPP4 activity/concentration in COVID-19 sera was the highest (0.782 ± 0.289 μU/ng vs. 0.547 ± 0.050 μU/ng in controls, p < 0.0001), suggesting a compensating mechanism in these patients. Supernatants of Huh-7 cells incubated with COVID-19 serum showed a consistent and significantly lower DPP4 concentration and activity. Furthermore, COVID-19 + T2DM + gliptins patients showed a higher serum DPP4 concentration and activity than T2DM + gliptin subjects (p < 0.05), indicating that sera from COVID-19 convalescents interfere with gliptins.
Either SARS-CoV-2 or some metabolites present in the sera of COVID-19-convalescent patients interact with soluble DPP4 or even gliptins themselves since the inhibitory effect of gliptins on DPP4 activity is being prevented. The interactions between DPP4, gliptins, and SARS-CoV-2 should be further elucidated to reveal the mechanism of action for these interesting observations. |
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| AbstractList | Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) has been proposed as a coreceptor for SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry. Considering that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been identified as the most important risk factor for SARS-CoV-2, and that gliptins (DPP4 inhibitors) are a prescribed diabetic treatment, this study aims to unravel the impact of DPP4 in the intersection of T2DM/COVID-19.
We analyzed 189 serum human samples, divided into six clinical groups (controls, T2DM, T2DM + gliptins, COVID-19, COVID-19 + T2DM, and COVID-19 + T2DM + gliptins), measuring DPP4 protein concentration and activity by Western blot, ELISA, and commercial activity kits. The obtained results were verified in Huh-7 cellular models.
Both DPP4 concentration and activity were decreased in COVID-19 patients, and as in T2DM patients, compared to controls. Despite these lower levels, the ratio of DPP4 activity/concentration in COVID-19 sera was the highest (0.782 ± 0.289 μU/ng vs. 0.547 ± 0.050 μU/ng in controls, p < 0.0001), suggesting a compensating mechanism in these patients. Supernatants of Huh-7 cells incubated with COVID-19 serum showed a consistent and significantly lower DPP4 concentration and activity. Furthermore, COVID-19 + T2DM + gliptins patients showed a higher serum DPP4 concentration and activity than T2DM + gliptin subjects (p < 0.05), indicating that sera from COVID-19 convalescents interfere with gliptins.
Either SARS-CoV-2 or some metabolites present in the sera of COVID-19-convalescent patients interact with soluble DPP4 or even gliptins themselves since the inhibitory effect of gliptins on DPP4 activity is being prevented. The interactions between DPP4, gliptins, and SARS-CoV-2 should be further elucidated to reveal the mechanism of action for these interesting observations. AIMSDipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) has been proposed as a coreceptor for SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry. Considering that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been identified as the most important risk factor for SARS-CoV-2, and that gliptins (DPP4 inhibitors) are a prescribed diabetic treatment, this study aims to unravel the impact of DPP4 in the intersection of T2DM/COVID-19.MATERIALS AND METHODSWe analyzed 189 serum human samples, divided into six clinical groups (controls, T2DM, T2DM + gliptins, COVID-19, COVID-19 + T2DM, and COVID-19 + T2DM + gliptins), measuring DPP4 protein concentration and activity by Western blot, ELISA, and commercial activity kits. The obtained results were verified in Huh-7 cellular models.KEY FINDINGSBoth DPP4 concentration and activity were decreased in COVID-19 patients, and as in T2DM patients, compared to controls. Despite these lower levels, the ratio of DPP4 activity/concentration in COVID-19 sera was the highest (0.782 ± 0.289 μU/ng vs. 0.547 ± 0.050 μU/ng in controls, p < 0.0001), suggesting a compensating mechanism in these patients. Supernatants of Huh-7 cells incubated with COVID-19 serum showed a consistent and significantly lower DPP4 concentration and activity. Furthermore, COVID-19 + T2DM + gliptins patients showed a higher serum DPP4 concentration and activity than T2DM + gliptin subjects (p < 0.05), indicating that sera from COVID-19 convalescents interfere with gliptins.SIGNIFICANCEEither SARS-CoV-2 or some metabolites present in the sera of COVID-19-convalescent patients interact with soluble DPP4 or even gliptins themselves since the inhibitory effect of gliptins on DPP4 activity is being prevented. The interactions between DPP4, gliptins, and SARS-CoV-2 should be further elucidated to reveal the mechanism of action for these interesting observations. |
| ArticleNumber | 122292 |
| Author | Díaz-Yuste, Alba Díaz-Laviada, Inés Mora-Rodríguez, José María Arrieta, Francisco Ballester-González, Rubén Bort, Alicia Sánchez, Belén G Sebastián-Martín, Alba |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: José María surname: Mora-Rodríguez fullname: Mora-Rodríguez, José María email: josem.mora@uah.es organization: Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain. Electronic address: josem.mora@uah.es – sequence: 2 givenname: Belén G surname: Sánchez fullname: Sánchez, Belén G email: belen.sanchezg@uah.es organization: Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain. Electronic address: belen.sanchezg@uah.es – sequence: 3 givenname: Alicia surname: Bort fullname: Bort, Alicia email: alicia.bort@uah.es organization: Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain. Electronic address: alicia.bort@uah.es – sequence: 4 givenname: Alba surname: Díaz-Yuste fullname: Díaz-Yuste, Alba email: alba.diazy@edu.uah.es organization: Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain. Electronic address: alba.diazy@edu.uah.es – sequence: 5 givenname: Rubén surname: Ballester-González fullname: Ballester-González, Rubén email: ruben.ballester@salud.madrid.org organization: Immunology Service, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: ruben.ballester@salud.madrid.org – sequence: 6 givenname: Francisco surname: Arrieta fullname: Arrieta, Francisco email: farrietab.hrc@salud.madrid.org organization: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: farrietab.hrc@salud.madrid.org – sequence: 7 givenname: Alba surname: Sebastián-Martín fullname: Sebastián-Martín, Alba email: alba.sebastian@uah.es organization: Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain. Electronic address: alba.sebastian@uah.es – sequence: 8 givenname: Inés surname: Díaz-Laviada fullname: Díaz-Laviada, Inés email: ines.diazlaviada@uah.es organization: Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain; Chemical Research Institute "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Alcalá de Henares, Spain. Electronic address: ines.diazlaviada@uah.es |
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| Keywords | COVID-19 DPP4 Type 2 diabetes Enzymatic activity Gliptins |
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