Fresh organically grown ginger (Zingiber officinale): composition and effects on LPS-induced PGE2 production

• Published in: Phytochemistry (Oxford) Vol. 65; no. 13; pp. 1937 - 1954
• Main Authors: Jolad, S.D, Lantz, R.C, Solyom, A.M, Chen, G.J, Bates, R.B, Timmermann, B.N
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier 01.07.2004
• Subjects: Agriculture - methods; anti-inflammatory activity; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - chemistry; Biological and medical sciences; biosynthesis; cell lines; chemical constituents of plants; Chemical constitution; chemical structure; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; cytotoxicity; dehydrogingerdiones; diarylheptanoids; Dinoprostone - metabolism; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; gas chromatography; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - methods; General pharmacology; ginger; gingerdiols; gingerol acetate; gingerols; humans; lipopolysaccharides; mass spectrometry; Medical sciences; Models, Chemical; Molecular Structure; organic production; paradols; Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; plant extracts; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Extracts - isolation & purification; Plant physiology and development; prostaglandin E2; prostaglandins; shogaols; Thermodynamics; Zingiber officinale; Zingiber officinale - chemistry; Zingiber officinale - growth & development; Zingiberaceae; Monocotyledones; Bioassay; Pharmacognosy; Antiinflammatory agent; Natural product; Extract; Ginger; Biological activity; Medicinal plant; Rhizomes; Ginger derivatives; Angiospermae; Plant origin; Rhizome; Spermatophyta; Chemical composition; Zingiber officinale; Zingiberaceae
• ISSN: 0031-9422; 1873-3700
• DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.06.008

Gas chromatography in conjunction with mass spectrometry, a technique previously employed to analyze non-volatile pungent components of ginger extracts modified to trimethylsilyl derivatives, was applied successfully for the first time to analyze unmodified partially purified fractions from the dichloromethane extracts of organically grown samples of fresh Chinese white and Japanese yellow varieties of ginger, Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae). This analysis resulted in the detection of 20 hitherto unknown natural products and 31 compounds previously reported as ginger constituents. These include paradols, dihydroparadols, gingerols, acetyl derivatives of gingerols, shogaols, 3-dihydroshogaols, gingerdiols, mono- and diacetyl derivatives of gingerdiols, 1-dehydrogingerdiones, diarylheptanoids, and methyl ether derivatives of some of these compounds. The thermal degradation of gingerols to gingerone, shogaols, and related compounds was demonstrated. The major constituent in the two varieties was [6]-gingerol, a chemical marker for Z. officinale. Mass spectral fragmentation patterns for all the compounds are described and interpreted. Anti-inflammatory activities of silica gel chromatography fractions were tested using an in vitro PGE2 assay. Most of the fractions containing gingerols and/or gingerol derivatives showed excellent inhibition of LPS-induced PGE2 production.