The Distribution of Genus Enterococcus in Oral Cavity
Enterococcus faecalis is a commonly found species in root canals. The study aim was to develop a new selective medium for the genus Enterococcus and clarify the distribution of the species in the oral cavity and to determine whether these enterococci were of endogenous or exogenous origin. The recov...
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| Published in | International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences Vol. 10; no. 4; pp. 235 - 240 |
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| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English Japanese |
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Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
2012
Research Institute of Oral Science |
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| Abstract | Enterococcus faecalis is a commonly found species in root canals. The study aim was to develop a new selective medium for the genus Enterococcus and clarify the distribution of the species in the oral cavity and to determine whether these enterococci were of endogenous or exogenous origin. The recovery rates of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium on a new selective medium were 89.3% and 88.5%, respectively. Dominant oral bacteria such as streptococci and neisseria did not grow on the medium. Enterococcus was detected from 5 in 12 subjects (ca. 42%) with low levels of 3 to 50 cfu/ml in their brushing samples. Only E. faecalis was detected in their samples, while E. faecium was not found. Genetic analysis using AP-PCR showed that the isolates from the oral cavity were not related to those from the fecal microflora. A few months after the first investigation, E. faecalis was confirmed to be maintained in the individual oral cavities of the same subjects by genetic analysis. The results indicated that E. faecalis isolated from the oral cavity was not derived from the subjects own normal microflora. |
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| AbstractList | 「Abstract」 Enterococcus faecalis is a commonly found species in root canals. The study aim was to develop a new selective medium for the genus Enterococcus and clarify the distribution of the species in the oral cavity and to determine whether these enterococci were of endogenous or exogenous origin. The recovery rates of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium on a new selective medium were 89.3% and 88.5%, respectively. Dominant oral bacteria such as streptococci and neisseria did not grow on the medium. Enterococcus was detected from 5 in 12 subjects (ca. 42%) with low levels of 3 to 50 cfu/ml in their brushing samples. Only E. faecalis was detected in their samples, while E. faecium was not found. Genetic analysis using AP-PCR showed that the isolates from the oral cavity were not related to those from the fecal microflora. A few months after the first investigation, E. faecalis was confirmed to be maintained in the individual oral cavities of the same subjects by genetic analysis. The results indicated that E. faecalis isolated from the oral cavity was not derived from the subjects own normal microflora. Enterococcus faecalis is a commonly found species in root canals. The study aim was to develop a new selective medium for the genus Enterococcus and clarify the distribution of the species in the oral cavity and to determine whether these enterococci were of endogenous or exogenous origin. The recovery rates of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium on a new selective medium were 89.3% and 88.5%, respectively. Dominant oral bacteria such as streptococci and neisseria did not grow on the medium. Enterococcus was detected from 5 in 12 subjects (ca. 42%) with low levels of 3 to 50 cfu/ml in their brushing samples. Only E. faecalis was detected in their samples, while E. faecium was not found. Genetic analysis using AP-PCR showed that the isolates from the oral cavity were not related to those from the fecal microflora. A few months after the first investigation, E. faecalis was confirmed to be maintained in the individual oral cavities of the same subjects by genetic analysis. The results indicated that E. faecalis isolated from the oral cavity was not derived from the subjects own normal microflora. |
| Author | Waga, Masaaki |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90346-Y 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01537.x 10.1128/AEM.26.2.138-145.1973 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2002.00476.x 10.1016/S1079-2104(98)90404-8 10.1097/00004770-200010000-00004 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.06.026 10.1016/j.joen.2010.08.053 10.1111/j.1399-302X.1993.tb00608.x 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1982.tb00728.x 10.1046/j.1365-2591.1998.t01-1-00111.x 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2010.02972.x 10.1128/JCM.33.1.24-27.1995 10.1034/j.1399-302X.2003.00058.x 10.1097/00004770-200405000-00004 10.1067/moe.2001.113587 10.1128/JCM.00388-09 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00014.x 10.1097/00004770-200403000-00004 10.1128/CMR.3.1.46 |
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| References | 4.Pinheiro ET, Gomes BPFA, Ferraz CCR, Teixeira FB, Zaia AA, Souza-Filho FJ : Evaluation of root canal microorganisms isolated from teeth with endodontic failure and their antimicrobial susceptibility. Oral Microbiol Immunol, 18 : 100-103, 2003. 18.Kristich CJ, Li YH, Cvitkovitch DG, Dunny GM : Esp-independent biofilm formation by Enterococcus faecalis. J Bacteriol, 186 : 154-163, 2004. 9.Molande A, Lundquist P, Papapanou PN, Dahlén G, Reit C : A protocol for polymerase chain reaction detection of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from the root canal. Int Endod J, 35 : 1-6, 2002. 2.Peciuliene V, Balciuniene I, Eriksen HM, Haapasalo M : Isolation of Enterococcus faecalis in previously root-filled canals in a Lithuanian population. J Endod, 26 : 593-595, 2000. 21.Efthymiou CJ, Joseph SW : Development of a selective Enterococcus medium based on manganese iron deficiency, sodium azide, and alkaline pH. Appl Microbiol, 28 : 411-416, 1974. 11.Slots J, Liu YB, DiRienzo JM, Chen C : Evaluating two methods for fingerprinting genomes of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Oral Microbiol Immunol, 8 : 337-343, 1993. 17.Murray BE : The life and times of the enterococcus. Clin Microbiol Rev, 3 : 46-65, 1990. 20.Facklam RR : Comparison of several laboratory media for presumptive identification of Enterococci and group D Streptococci. Appl Microbiol, 26 : 138-145, 1973. 1.Sun J, Song X, Kristiansen BE, Kjæreng A, Willems RJL, Eriksen HM, Sundsfjord A, Sollid JE : Occurrence, population structure, and antimicrobial resistance of enterococci in marginal and apical periodontitis. J Clin Microbiol, 47 : 2218-2225, 2009. 15.Sundqvist G, Figdor D, Persson S, Sjögren U : Microbiologic analysis of teeth with failed endodontic treatment and the outcome of conservative re-treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 85 : 86-93, 1998. 6.Zhu X, Wang Q, Zhang C, Cheung GSP, Shen Y : Prevalence, phenotype, and genotype of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from saliva and root canals in patients with persistent apical periodontitis. Basic Res Biol, 36 : 1950-1955, 2010. 16.Fabricius L, Dahlén G, Holm SE, Möller AJR : Influence of combinations of oral bacteria on periapical tissues of monkeys. Scand J Dent Res, 90 : 200-206, 1982. 14.Hancock 3rdHH, Sigurdsson A, Trope M, Moiseiwitsch J : Bacteria isolated after unsuccessful endodontic treatment in a North American population. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 91 : 579-586, 2001. 19.Zoletti GO, Pereira EM, Schuenck RP, Teixeira LM, Siqueira Jr JF, dos Santos KRN : Characterization of virulence factors and clonal diversity of Enterococcus faecalis isolates from treated dental root canals. Res Microbiol, 162 : 151-158, 2011. 24.Zehnder M, Guggenheim B : The mysterious appearance of enterococci in filled root canals. Int Endod J, 42 : 277-287, 2009. 23.Foulquié Moreno MR, Sarantinopoulos P, Tsakalidou E, De Vuyst L : The role and application of enterococci in food and health. Int J Food Microbiol, 106 : 1-24, 2006. 22.Leclerc H, Devriese LA, Mossel DAA : Taxonomical changes in intestinal (faecal) enterococci and streptococci : consequences on their use as indicators of faecal contamination in drinking water. J Appl Bacteriol, 81 : 459-466, 1996. 13.Roôças IN, Siqueira JF, Santos KRN : Association of Enterococcus faecalis with different forms of periradicular diseases. J Endod, 30 : 315-320, 2004. 8.Dutka-Malen S, Evers S, Courvalin P : Detection of glycopeptide resistance genotypes and identification to the species level of clinically relevant enterococci by PCR. J Clin Microbiol, 33 : 24-27, 1995. 7.Baumgartner JC, Siqueira Jr JF, Xia T, Rôças IN : Geographical differences in bacteria detected in endodontic infections using polymerase chain reaction. J Endod, 30 : 141-144, 2004. 3.Molander A, Reit C, Dahlén G, Kvist T : Microbiological status of root-filled teeth with apical periodontitis. Int Endod J, 31 : 1-7, 1998. 10.Takada K, Igarashi M, Yamaguchi Y, Hirasawa M : New serotype of mutans streptococci isolated from pig oral cavity. Microbiol Immunol, 52 : 64-68, 2008. 5.Vidana R, Sullivan Å, Billström H, Ahlquist M, Lund B : Enterococcus faecalis infection in root canals-host-derived or exogenous source? Letts Appl Microbiol, 52 : 109-115, 2010. 12.Schaberg DR, Culver DH, Gaynes RP : Major trends in the microbial etiology of nosocomial infections. Am J Med, 91 (Supple. 3B) : 72S-75S, 1991. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 10 |
| References_xml | – reference: 6.Zhu X, Wang Q, Zhang C, Cheung GSP, Shen Y : Prevalence, phenotype, and genotype of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from saliva and root canals in patients with persistent apical periodontitis. Basic Res Biol, 36 : 1950-1955, 2010. – reference: 2.Peciuliene V, Balciuniene I, Eriksen HM, Haapasalo M : Isolation of Enterococcus faecalis in previously root-filled canals in a Lithuanian population. J Endod, 26 : 593-595, 2000. – reference: 13.Roôças IN, Siqueira JF, Santos KRN : Association of Enterococcus faecalis with different forms of periradicular diseases. J Endod, 30 : 315-320, 2004. – reference: 15.Sundqvist G, Figdor D, Persson S, Sjögren U : Microbiologic analysis of teeth with failed endodontic treatment and the outcome of conservative re-treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 85 : 86-93, 1998. – reference: 21.Efthymiou CJ, Joseph SW : Development of a selective Enterococcus medium based on manganese iron deficiency, sodium azide, and alkaline pH. Appl Microbiol, 28 : 411-416, 1974. – reference: 22.Leclerc H, Devriese LA, Mossel DAA : Taxonomical changes in intestinal (faecal) enterococci and streptococci : consequences on their use as indicators of faecal contamination in drinking water. J Appl Bacteriol, 81 : 459-466, 1996. – reference: 10.Takada K, Igarashi M, Yamaguchi Y, Hirasawa M : New serotype of mutans streptococci isolated from pig oral cavity. Microbiol Immunol, 52 : 64-68, 2008. – reference: 23.Foulquié Moreno MR, Sarantinopoulos P, Tsakalidou E, De Vuyst L : The role and application of enterococci in food and health. Int J Food Microbiol, 106 : 1-24, 2006. – reference: 8.Dutka-Malen S, Evers S, Courvalin P : Detection of glycopeptide resistance genotypes and identification to the species level of clinically relevant enterococci by PCR. J Clin Microbiol, 33 : 24-27, 1995. – reference: 20.Facklam RR : Comparison of several laboratory media for presumptive identification of Enterococci and group D Streptococci. Appl Microbiol, 26 : 138-145, 1973. – reference: 3.Molander A, Reit C, Dahlén G, Kvist T : Microbiological status of root-filled teeth with apical periodontitis. Int Endod J, 31 : 1-7, 1998. – reference: 9.Molande A, Lundquist P, Papapanou PN, Dahlén G, Reit C : A protocol for polymerase chain reaction detection of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from the root canal. Int Endod J, 35 : 1-6, 2002. – reference: 24.Zehnder M, Guggenheim B : The mysterious appearance of enterococci in filled root canals. Int Endod J, 42 : 277-287, 2009. – reference: 16.Fabricius L, Dahlén G, Holm SE, Möller AJR : Influence of combinations of oral bacteria on periapical tissues of monkeys. Scand J Dent Res, 90 : 200-206, 1982. – reference: 1.Sun J, Song X, Kristiansen BE, Kjæreng A, Willems RJL, Eriksen HM, Sundsfjord A, Sollid JE : Occurrence, population structure, and antimicrobial resistance of enterococci in marginal and apical periodontitis. J Clin Microbiol, 47 : 2218-2225, 2009. – reference: 7.Baumgartner JC, Siqueira Jr JF, Xia T, Rôças IN : Geographical differences in bacteria detected in endodontic infections using polymerase chain reaction. J Endod, 30 : 141-144, 2004. – reference: 17.Murray BE : The life and times of the enterococcus. Clin Microbiol Rev, 3 : 46-65, 1990. – reference: 14.Hancock 3rdHH, Sigurdsson A, Trope M, Moiseiwitsch J : Bacteria isolated after unsuccessful endodontic treatment in a North American population. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 91 : 579-586, 2001. – reference: 12.Schaberg DR, Culver DH, Gaynes RP : Major trends in the microbial etiology of nosocomial infections. Am J Med, 91 (Supple. 3B) : 72S-75S, 1991. – reference: 4.Pinheiro ET, Gomes BPFA, Ferraz CCR, Teixeira FB, Zaia AA, Souza-Filho FJ : Evaluation of root canal microorganisms isolated from teeth with endodontic failure and their antimicrobial susceptibility. Oral Microbiol Immunol, 18 : 100-103, 2003. – reference: 5.Vidana R, Sullivan Å, Billström H, Ahlquist M, Lund B : Enterococcus faecalis infection in root canals-host-derived or exogenous source? Letts Appl Microbiol, 52 : 109-115, 2010. – reference: 18.Kristich CJ, Li YH, Cvitkovitch DG, Dunny GM : Esp-independent biofilm formation by Enterococcus faecalis. J Bacteriol, 186 : 154-163, 2004. – reference: 11.Slots J, Liu YB, DiRienzo JM, Chen C : Evaluating two methods for fingerprinting genomes of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Oral Microbiol Immunol, 8 : 337-343, 1993. – reference: 19.Zoletti GO, Pereira EM, Schuenck RP, Teixeira LM, Siqueira Jr JF, dos Santos KRN : Characterization of virulence factors and clonal diversity of Enterococcus faecalis isolates from treated dental root canals. Res Microbiol, 162 : 151-158, 2011. – ident: 12 doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90346-Y – ident: 20 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01537.x – ident: 18 doi: 10.1128/AEM.26.2.138-145.1973 – ident: 9 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2002.00476.x – ident: 15 doi: 10.1016/S1079-2104(98)90404-8 – ident: 2 doi: 10.1097/00004770-200010000-00004 – ident: 19 doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.06.026 – ident: 6 doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.08.053 – ident: 11 doi: 10.1111/j.1399-302X.1993.tb00608.x – ident: 16 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1982.tb00728.x – ident: 3 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.1998.t01-1-00111.x – ident: 5 doi: 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2010.02972.x – ident: 8 doi: 10.1128/JCM.33.1.24-27.1995 – ident: 4 doi: 10.1034/j.1399-302X.2003.00058.x – ident: 13 doi: 10.1097/00004770-200405000-00004 – ident: 14 doi: 10.1067/moe.2001.113587 – ident: 1 doi: 10.1128/JCM.00388-09 – ident: 10 doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00014.x – ident: 7 doi: 10.1097/00004770-200403000-00004 – ident: 17 doi: 10.1128/CMR.3.1.46 |
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| Snippet | Enterococcus faecalis is a commonly found species in root canals. The study aim was to develop a new selective medium for the genus Enterococcus and clarify... 「Abstract」 Enterococcus faecalis is a commonly found species in root canals. The study aim was to develop a new selective medium for the genus Enterococcus and... |
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| Title | The Distribution of Genus Enterococcus in Oral Cavity |
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