Dawnward Drifting Interchange Heads in the Earth's Magnetotail
A fortuitous configuration of five Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms probes indicated that on 15 February 2008 between 04:00 and 11:00 UT a BZ dip with radial size of about 2.5 Earth radii (RE) and azimuthal size that could be as large as 10 RE was present for over...
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Published in | Geophysical research letters Vol. 45; no. 17; pp. 8834 - 8843 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Washington
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
16.09.2018
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Abstract | A fortuitous configuration of five Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms probes indicated that on 15 February 2008 between 04:00 and 11:00 UT a BZ dip with radial size of about 2.5 Earth radii (RE) and azimuthal size that could be as large as 10 RE was present for over 3 hr in the plasma sheet at XGSM ≈ −11 RE. Ballooning/InterChange Instability heads were observed at the tailward side of the dip with ∂BZ/∂X≈ −10 nT/RE. The Ballooning/InterChange Instability heads appeared to drift azimuthally toward dawn, in accord with particle‐in‐cell simulations of a charged current sheet. The signatures of the latter, for example, a finite average EZ directed toward the center of the plasma sheet, are verified by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms data.
Plain Language Summary
On the antisunward side of the Earth, the terrestrial magnetic field lines are stretched out to form an elongated structure called the magnetotail. At the center of this structure the magnetic field strength normally decreases continually with increasing distance away from the Earth. However, periodically, the magnetotail is disrupted in a process called a substorm; the cause of this disruption remains controversial. A fortuitous configuration of five space probes is used to investigate a possible mechanism for this disruption. The probes observed the formation of a substantial region where the magnetic field strength possessed a minimum (rather than always decreasing). By comparing with the results of plasma computer simulations, it is shown that this region should generate an instability that produces dawnward propagating clumps of more dipolar field lines, in agreement with the probe observations.
Key Points
Signatures of a magnetic dip were observed in the near‐Earth plasma sheet
Interchange heads in the dip drifted toward dawn
Switching to dawnward drifting is due to current sheet charging |
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AbstractList | A fortuitous configuration of five Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms probes indicated that on 15 February 2008 between 04:00 and 11:00 UT a BZ dip with radial size of about 2.5 Earth radii (RE) and azimuthal size that could be as large as 10 RE was present for over 3 hr in the plasma sheet at XGSM ≈ −11 RE. Ballooning/InterChange Instability heads were observed at the tailward side of the dip with ∂BZ/∂X≈ −10 nT/RE. The Ballooning/InterChange Instability heads appeared to drift azimuthally toward dawn, in accord with particle‐in‐cell simulations of a charged current sheet. The signatures of the latter, for example, a finite average EZ directed toward the center of the plasma sheet, are verified by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms data. Abstract A fortuitous configuration of five Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms probes indicated that on 15 February 2008 between 04:00 and 11:00 UT a B Z dip with radial size of about 2.5 Earth radii ( R E ) and azimuthal size that could be as large as 10 R E was present for over 3 hr in the plasma sheet at X GSM ≈ −11 R E . Ballooning/InterChange Instability heads were observed at the tailward side of the dip with ∂ B Z / ∂ X≈ −10 nT/ R E . The Ballooning/InterChange Instability heads appeared to drift azimuthally toward dawn, in accord with particle‐in‐cell simulations of a charged current sheet. The signatures of the latter, for example, a finite average E Z directed toward the center of the plasma sheet, are verified by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms data. Plain Language Summary On the antisunward side of the Earth, the terrestrial magnetic field lines are stretched out to form an elongated structure called the magnetotail. At the center of this structure the magnetic field strength normally decreases continually with increasing distance away from the Earth. However, periodically, the magnetotail is disrupted in a process called a substorm; the cause of this disruption remains controversial. A fortuitous configuration of five space probes is used to investigate a possible mechanism for this disruption. The probes observed the formation of a substantial region where the magnetic field strength possessed a minimum (rather than always decreasing). By comparing with the results of plasma computer simulations, it is shown that this region should generate an instability that produces dawnward propagating clumps of more dipolar field lines, in agreement with the probe observations. Key Points Signatures of a magnetic dip were observed in the near‐Earth plasma sheet Interchange heads in the dip drifted toward dawn Switching to dawnward drifting is due to current sheet charging A fortuitous configuration of five Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms probes indicated that on 15 February 2008 between 04:00 and 11:00 UT a BZ dip with radial size of about 2.5 Earth radii (RE) and azimuthal size that could be as large as 10 RE was present for over 3 hr in the plasma sheet at XGSM ≈ −11 RE. Ballooning/InterChange Instability heads were observed at the tailward side of the dip with ∂BZ/∂X≈ −10 nT/RE. The Ballooning/InterChange Instability heads appeared to drift azimuthally toward dawn, in accord with particle‐in‐cell simulations of a charged current sheet. The signatures of the latter, for example, a finite average EZ directed toward the center of the plasma sheet, are verified by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms data. Plain Language Summary On the antisunward side of the Earth, the terrestrial magnetic field lines are stretched out to form an elongated structure called the magnetotail. At the center of this structure the magnetic field strength normally decreases continually with increasing distance away from the Earth. However, periodically, the magnetotail is disrupted in a process called a substorm; the cause of this disruption remains controversial. A fortuitous configuration of five space probes is used to investigate a possible mechanism for this disruption. The probes observed the formation of a substantial region where the magnetic field strength possessed a minimum (rather than always decreasing). By comparing with the results of plasma computer simulations, it is shown that this region should generate an instability that produces dawnward propagating clumps of more dipolar field lines, in agreement with the probe observations. Key Points Signatures of a magnetic dip were observed in the near‐Earth plasma sheet Interchange heads in the dip drifted toward dawn Switching to dawnward drifting is due to current sheet charging |
Author | Panov, E. V. Pritchett, P. L. |
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Cites_doi | 10.1088/0256-307X/28/10/109401 10.1029/2011GL047527 10.1029/2011JA017496 10.1002/2014JA020205 10.1029/2002GL015763 10.1002/2015JA021470 10.1007/s11214-008-9336-1 10.1029/2012GL051668 10.1002/2014JA020925 10.1002/2014JA019890 10.1029/2010GL042813 10.1002/2014JA020298 10.1002/2018GL077183 10.1007/s11214-008-9365-9 10.1029/2009GL038980 10.1029/JA094iA02p01303 10.1016/j.jastp.2005.03.027 10.1029/2009JA014752 10.1002/2014JA019773 10.1029/2010JA015376 10.1029/2009GL040777 10.1029/90JA02619 10.1029/94JA02938 10.1029/1999JA900282 10.1029/95JA02540 10.1029/2012JA018143 10.1007/s11214-008-9469-2 10.1029/2008GL033666 10.1029/94GL01364 10.1029/2012GL051599 10.1002/2016JA022801 10.1029/2011JA017291 10.1007/s11214-008-9440-2 10.1029/2009GL041252 10.1029/2017JA025006 |
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Snippet | A fortuitous configuration of five Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms probes indicated that on 15 February 2008 between 04:00... Abstract A fortuitous configuration of five Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms probes indicated that on 15 February 2008... |
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SubjectTerms | BICI head charged current sheet Charged particles Clumps Computer simulation Configurations Disruption Earth Elongated structure Field strength Instability Interactions Lines Magnetic field Magnetic fields Magnetism magnetotail plasma sheet Magnetotails Mathematical models PIC simulations Probes Sensors Space probes Stability substorm THEMIS |
Title | Dawnward Drifting Interchange Heads in the Earth's Magnetotail |
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