Carcinogenic and health risk assessment of respiratory exposure to acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene in the petrochemical industry using the US Environmental Protection Agency method
Objectives. This study aimed to assess carcinogenic and health risks of respiratory exposure to acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene (ABS) in the petrochemical industry. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a petrochemical plant producing ABS copolymers. Respiratory exposure to e...
Saved in:
| Published in | International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics Vol. 28; no. 4; pp. i - ix |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Taylor & Francis
02.10.2022
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | Objectives. This study aimed to assess carcinogenic and health risks of respiratory exposure to acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene (ABS) in the petrochemical industry. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a petrochemical plant producing ABS copolymers. Respiratory exposure to each of acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene was measured using methods No. 1604, No. 1024 and No. 1501 of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), respectively. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) method was used to assess carcinogenic and health risks. Results. The average occupational exposure to ABS was 560.82 µg m
-3
for 1,3-butadiene, 122.8 µg m
-3
for acrylonitrile and 1.92 µg m
-3
for styrene. The average lifetime cancer risk in the present study was 2.71 × 10
−3
for 1,3-butadiene, 2.1 × 10
−3
for acrylonitrile and 6.6 × 10
−3
for styrene. Also, the mean non-cancer risk (hazard quotient) among all participants for each of 1,3-butadiene, acrylonitrile and styrene was 4.04 ± 6.93, 10.82 ± 14.76 and 0.19 ± 0.11, respectively. Conclusion. The values of carcinogenic and health risks in the majority of the subjects were within the unacceptable risk levels due to exposure to ABS vapors. Hence, corrective actions are required to protect the workers from non-cancer and cancer risks. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Objectives. This study aimed to assess carcinogenic and health risks of respiratory exposure to acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene (ABS) in the petrochemical industry. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a petrochemical plant producing ABS copolymers. Respiratory exposure to each of acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene was measured using methods No. 1604, No. 1024 and No. 1501 of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), respectively. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) method was used to assess carcinogenic and health risks. Results. The average occupational exposure to ABS was 560.82 µg m
-3
for 1,3-butadiene, 122.8 µg m
-3
for acrylonitrile and 1.92 µg m
-3
for styrene. The average lifetime cancer risk in the present study was 2.71 × 10
−3
for 1,3-butadiene, 2.1 × 10
−3
for acrylonitrile and 6.6 × 10
−3
for styrene. Also, the mean non-cancer risk (hazard quotient) among all participants for each of 1,3-butadiene, acrylonitrile and styrene was 4.04 ± 6.93, 10.82 ± 14.76 and 0.19 ± 0.11, respectively. Conclusion. The values of carcinogenic and health risks in the majority of the subjects were within the unacceptable risk levels due to exposure to ABS vapors. Hence, corrective actions are required to protect the workers from non-cancer and cancer risks. Objectives. This study aimed to assess carcinogenic and health risks of respiratory exposure to acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene (ABS) in the petrochemical industry. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a petrochemical plant producing ABS copolymers. Respiratory exposure to each of acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene was measured using methods No. 1604, No. 1024 and No. 1501 of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), respectively. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) method was used to assess carcinogenic and health risks. Results. The average occupational exposure to ABS was 560.82 µg m-3 for 1,3-butadiene, 122.8 µg m-3 for acrylonitrile and 1.92 µg m-3 for styrene. The average lifetime cancer risk in the present study was 2.71 × 10-3 for 1,3-butadiene, 2.1 × 10-3 for acrylonitrile and 6.6 × 10-3 for styrene. Also, the mean non-cancer risk (hazard quotient) among all participants for each of 1,3-butadiene, acrylonitrile and styrene was 4.04 ± 6.93, 10.82 ± 14.76 and 0.19 ± 0.11, respectively. Conclusion. The values of carcinogenic and health risks in the majority of the subjects were within the unacceptable risk levels due to exposure to ABS vapors. Hence, corrective actions are required to protect the workers from non-cancer and cancer risks.Objectives. This study aimed to assess carcinogenic and health risks of respiratory exposure to acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene (ABS) in the petrochemical industry. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a petrochemical plant producing ABS copolymers. Respiratory exposure to each of acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene was measured using methods No. 1604, No. 1024 and No. 1501 of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), respectively. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) method was used to assess carcinogenic and health risks. Results. The average occupational exposure to ABS was 560.82 µg m-3 for 1,3-butadiene, 122.8 µg m-3 for acrylonitrile and 1.92 µg m-3 for styrene. The average lifetime cancer risk in the present study was 2.71 × 10-3 for 1,3-butadiene, 2.1 × 10-3 for acrylonitrile and 6.6 × 10-3 for styrene. Also, the mean non-cancer risk (hazard quotient) among all participants for each of 1,3-butadiene, acrylonitrile and styrene was 4.04 ± 6.93, 10.82 ± 14.76 and 0.19 ± 0.11, respectively. Conclusion. The values of carcinogenic and health risks in the majority of the subjects were within the unacceptable risk levels due to exposure to ABS vapors. Hence, corrective actions are required to protect the workers from non-cancer and cancer risks. |
| Author | Nikbakht, Neda Soltanzadeh, Ahmad Sadeghi-Yarandi, Mohsen Sajedian, Ali Asghar Seifi, Fatemeh Koobasi, Rozhin Ahmadi-Moshiran, Vahid |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Vahid orcidid: 0000-0002-4111-2506 surname: Ahmadi-Moshiran fullname: Ahmadi-Moshiran, Vahid organization: Hamadan University of Medical Sciences – sequence: 2 givenname: Ali Asghar orcidid: 0000-0001-5902-1242 surname: Sajedian fullname: Sajedian, Ali Asghar organization: Tehran University of Medical Sciences – sequence: 3 givenname: Ahmad orcidid: 0000-0002-6976-1276 surname: Soltanzadeh fullname: Soltanzadeh, Ahmad organization: Qom University of Medical Sciences – sequence: 4 givenname: Fatemeh orcidid: 0000-0003-1031-9552 surname: Seifi fullname: Seifi, Fatemeh organization: Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch – sequence: 5 givenname: Rozhin orcidid: 0000-0002-6098-0835 surname: Koobasi fullname: Koobasi, Rozhin organization: Tehran University of Medical Sciences – sequence: 6 givenname: Neda orcidid: 0000-0001-7678-5252 surname: Nikbakht fullname: Nikbakht, Neda organization: Islamic Azad University – sequence: 7 givenname: Mohsen orcidid: 0000-0002-2512-8591 surname: Sadeghi-Yarandi fullname: Sadeghi-Yarandi, Mohsen email: eng.sadeghi1995@gmail.com organization: Tehran University of Medical Sciences |
| BookMark | eNqFkc1u1TAQhS1UJG4Lj4DkJYum-Cd_Fhuqq1KQKoEEXVu-9qQxJHYYO0Aeru9G0ls2LGAztqzvnPHMOSUnIQYg5CVnF5y17PVWZFW2F4IJsZZK8YY_ITshm7pQXLITstuYYoOekdOUvjImS1XXO3K_N2h9iHcQvKUmONqDGXJP0adv1KQEKY0QMo0dRUiTR5MjLhR-TTHNCDRHaiwuQww-ox_gnPJzWRzmbJyHAA-WKS-43X2guQc6QcZoexi9NcP66OaUV8s5-XD3ANx-plfhh8cYttYr8wljBpt9DPRy_ald6Ai5j-45edqZIcGLx_OM3L67-rJ_X9x8vP6wv7wprCxlLiw4qJVUrVS1ag8KhFWWV42BhjWi5a0oXSPArfvpWNkepJA1a7tOOlCNKyt5Rl4dfSeM32dIWY8-WRgGEyDOSYu6rBvBVN2uaHVELcaUEDo9oR8NLpozvaWg_8Slt7j0Y1yr7s1fOuuz2UbOaPzwX_Xbo9qHLuJofkYcnM5mzQU7NMH6pOW_LX4DfuK0gw |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_26537_9 crossref_primary_10_1177_09603271221133538 crossref_primary_10_61186_jehe_9_3_279 crossref_primary_10_1007_s44174_023_00145_1 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1177/0748233720962238 10.5271/sjweh.3644 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.079 10.1007/s11270-010-0406-0 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.054 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.002 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.02.001 10.5487/TR.2015.31.4.355 10.1007/s10661-019-7191-z 10.1007/s11356-019-04582-8 10.1007/s11356-015-4729-7 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.152 10.1080/19338244.2020.1749018 10.1016/j.envint.2014.06.014 10.1155/2015/234675 10.1002/ajim.22516 10.18869/acadpub.johe.5.3.168 10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00035-5 10.1016/j.shaw.2021.01.009 10.1016/S0008-6223(03)00177-5 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00197-9 10.1007/s00420-003-0501-2 10.1002/ajim.22655 10.1054/mehy.1999.0907 10.1006/rtph.1997.1174 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2022 Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB) 2022 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2022 Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB) 2022 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.1080/10803548.2022.2059171 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| EISSN | 2376-9130 |
| EndPage | ix |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1080_10803548_2022_2059171 2059171 |
| Genre | Research Article |
| GroupedDBID | --- 0BK 0R~ 30N 4.4 53G 5GY AAIKC AAJMT AALDU AAMIU AAMNW AAPUL AAQRR ABCCY ABJNI ABLIJ ABPAQ ABPEM ABTAI ABXUL ABXYU ACGFS ACHQT ACTIO ADBBV ADCVX ADGTB AEISY AEYOC AGDLA AHDZW AIJEM AKBVH AKOOK ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALQZU AQRUH AWYRJ BAWUL BLEHA CCCUG DGEBU DIK DKSSO EBS EIHBH F3I F5P GX1 H13 KYCEM LJTGL M4Z O9- P2P RNANH ROSJB RTWRZ SNACF TBQAZ TDBHL TEN TFL TFT TFW TTHFI TUROJ Y2W ZGOLN AAGDL AAHIA AAYXX ADYSH AFRVT AIYEW AMPGV CITATION 7X8 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c343t-cede6939839698b9e2c9c157ae707281824d72ed354f048b323608ff3de97d453 |
| ISSN | 1080-3548 2376-9130 |
| IngestDate | Fri Jul 11 05:41:46 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 02:41:12 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:03:08 EDT 2025 Wed Dec 25 09:05:50 EST 2024 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 4 |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c343t-cede6939839698b9e2c9c157ae707281824d72ed354f048b323608ff3de97d453 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Correction/Retraction-3 |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6976-1276 0000-0002-6098-0835 0000-0002-4111-2506 0000-0001-5902-1242 0000-0001-7678-5252 0000-0003-1031-9552 0000-0002-2512-8591 |
| PQID | 2646720968 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| ParticipantIDs | crossref_primary_10_1080_10803548_2022_2059171 proquest_miscellaneous_2646720968 informaworld_taylorfrancis_310_1080_10803548_2022_2059171 crossref_citationtrail_10_1080_10803548_2022_2059171 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2022-10-02 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2022-10-02 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 10 year: 2022 text: 2022-10-02 day: 02 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationTitle | International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics |
| PublicationYear | 2022 |
| Publisher | Taylor & Francis |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Taylor & Francis |
| References | Aminian O (CIT0018) 2004; 3 CIT0010 CIT0031 CIT0012 CIT0034 CIT0011 CIT0033 (CIT0008) 2012; 100 Bahrami A (CIT0029) 2017; 14 CIT0014 O’Berg MT. (CIT0024) 1980; 22 CIT0036 CIT0013 Rahimnejad S (CIT0032) 2014; 21 CIT0035 CIT0016 CIT0015 CIT0037 CIT0017 CIT0039 CIT0019 CIT0041 CIT0040 CIT0020 CIT0042 CIT0001 Golhosseini MJ (CIT0002) 2013 Sadeghi-Yarandi M (CIT0028) 2020; 17 CIT0022 Karimi A (CIT0004) 2020; 7 NRC U (CIT0027) 1983; 11 Golbabaie F (CIT0030) 2012; 9 Wong D (CIT0021) 2011 Sadeghi Yarandi M (CIT0038) 2020; 10 Neal MW. (CIT0023) 1982 CIT0003 CIT0025 CIT0005 CIT0026 CIT0007 CIT0006 CIT0009 |
| References_xml | – ident: CIT0003 doi: 10.1177/0748233720962238 – ident: CIT0010 doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3644 – ident: CIT0039 doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.079 – volume-title: Toxicological review of acrylonitrile year: 2011 ident: CIT0021 – volume: 21 start-page: 829 issue: 4 year: 2014 ident: CIT0032 publication-title: J Sabzevar Univ Med Sci – ident: CIT0041 doi: 10.1007/s11270-010-0406-0 – ident: CIT0006 doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.054 – volume: 17 start-page: 1 issue: 2 year: 2020 ident: CIT0028 publication-title: Iran Occupational Health – ident: CIT0031 doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.002 – ident: CIT0016 doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.02.001 – ident: CIT0013 doi: 10.5487/TR.2015.31.4.355 – ident: CIT0020 doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7191-z – volume: 14 start-page: 107 issue: 5 year: 2017 ident: CIT0029 publication-title: Iran Occupational Health – volume: 100 start-page: 225 year: 2012 ident: CIT0008 publication-title: Eval. Carcinog. Risks to Humans – ident: CIT0034 doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04582-8 – ident: CIT0005 doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4729-7 – ident: CIT0011 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.152 – ident: CIT0009 doi: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1749018 – volume: 22 start-page: 245 issue: 4 year: 1980 ident: CIT0024 publication-title: Journal of Occupational Medicine.: Official Publication of the Industrial Medical Association – ident: CIT0035 doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.06.014 – ident: CIT0012 doi: 10.1155/2015/234675 – volume: 3 start-page: 165 issue: 3 year: 2004 ident: CIT0018 publication-title: Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences – ident: CIT0037 – volume: 9 issue: 3 year: 2012 ident: CIT0030 publication-title: Iran Occupational Health – ident: CIT0017 doi: 10.1002/ajim.22516 – ident: CIT0042 doi: 10.18869/acadpub.johe.5.3.168 – start-page: 152 year: 2013 ident: CIT0002 publication-title: International Journal of Occupational Hygiene – ident: CIT0033 doi: 10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00035-5 – ident: CIT0015 doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2021.01.009 – volume: 7 start-page: 8 issue: 3 year: 2020 ident: CIT0004 publication-title: Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering – volume-title: Health assessment document year: 1982 ident: CIT0023 – ident: CIT0022 doi: 10.1016/S0008-6223(03)00177-5 – ident: CIT0001 doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00197-9 – ident: CIT0026 – volume: 10 start-page: 237 issue: 3 year: 2020 ident: CIT0038 publication-title: Health and Safety at Work – ident: CIT0040 doi: 10.1007/s00420-003-0501-2 – ident: CIT0007 – ident: CIT0019 doi: 10.1002/ajim.22655 – ident: CIT0036 – volume: 11 issue: 3 year: 1983 ident: CIT0027 publication-title: Washington (DC): National Research Council; – ident: CIT0014 doi: 10.1054/mehy.1999.0907 – ident: CIT0025 doi: 10.1006/rtph.1997.1174 |
| SSID | ssj0034966 |
| Score | 2.2634435 |
| Snippet | Objectives. This study aimed to assess carcinogenic and health risks of respiratory exposure to acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene (ABS) in the... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref informaworld |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | i |
| SubjectTerms | 1,3-butadiene acrylonitrile carcinogenic risk hazard quotient petrochemical industry styrene |
| Title | Carcinogenic and health risk assessment of respiratory exposure to acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene in the petrochemical industry using the US Environmental Protection Agency method |
| URI | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10803548.2022.2059171 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2646720968 |
| Volume | 28 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9NAEF616YULAgGivLRI3FoH2-vXHjhEoVWEVISUBioulh_jxii1q8SWCv-N_8aM13bWEFHKxYn8WG8yn70zs998y9gbGbsyhTg1fAcyw4EU34N2BoZMssCWIEwAynecffRmC-fDhXuxtz_WWEt1FY-THzvrSv7HqrgP7UpVsnewbN8o7sDvaF_cooVx-082ntJCQEWJx1vVVVXVqPjiUa-5SQ7hWptSh5vrkhKD5HdGyRpDdnyu17kiFuObbSqMuK4aLpiaXNhQqlrJizSVVVA1C20ppYFcLf7x_ajedKVXi_nRybaADs_5pNQgCGoTVeypVq7WXeNhblJTtCh1IeRNlBHJlHoF60tVVN2HBZPlFfbaOCsp5a4yu5-jZcfZr9_No29UKKNUE1Y5YvNyGfXs5Hm5Ik85SqFJNTWN9ccgzxrewyn65lew1JMlGGfTVL-WPyVGpSFcJe45hmYf8YKIgGDqg4IdaOB3tDd8rrkK-c3OQUixNumD7jSmfuDGxcDY2o66HdPgt8G4p0harXZr10xIzYRtM_vswMawyB6xg8ns_dcvne9B6v-eKilRP7OrWQvMtzv7M_DGBlq9f_gmjcN1_oDdbyMlPlGwf8j2oHjEfuqQ54gCriDPCfJ8C3leZlyDPO8gz6uSDyB_zK1jDe5Nky3ceV5wRDMfwJ13cOcN3JsTFnM-gDvfwp0ruHMF98dscXpyPp0Z7QokRiIcURkJpOBJITGK8GQQS7ATmViuH4Fv-qSjZjupb0OK_2uGQ2EsbOGZQZaJFKSfOq54wkZFWcBTxj3b9ALLT9BhBMdzYhkLDFXAwhtlDsTOIXM6S4RJK89Pq8Sswr8i4ZCN-8uulT7NbRdI3cxh1SQGM7WKTyhuufZ1h4kQRyGaWowKKOtNiGGV59um9IJnd-3Qc3Zv-6S-YKNqXcNLdPSr-FWL7l9EhwEh |
| linkProvider | Library Specific Holdings |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1La9wwEBYlObSXPmhL00eqQo_x1pZk2TqGkLBtk6XQLOQmVvKohAQ7bLzQ9L_lv2VGsvNoKTnkYowtyQ-NRqPRN98w9tm40jTgmqxSEDIFDepBESAzPtTCgMwByN9xMNPTufp2VB7dioUhWCWtoUMiioi6mgY3OaNHSNwXOsgyIrMEBVOVuObAFdB6aXRFWQxkPhu1MfGh6wSyR32DdcYonv81c2d-usNe-o-2jlPQ3jPmx5dPyJOTyap3E__nL17Hh33dc_Z0sFD5dhKpF-wRtC_Z5Q7lHGo7FLdjz7FtngIoOUHT-eKa3pN3gS9vdu85_D7ryAfJ-44v_PLilFTIEjXRFi-2ZOZWfYScQWzynDzieH7ccjRLOdrzMZ9XJDTAizHHyAUnpP6vWGD-k-_exOlhmR-JdAJFjW_HmFKeEmS_YvO93cOdaTZkfsi8VLLPPDSgjTRovWlTOwPCG1-U1QKqvCL-KqGaSkCDvymgCnJSSJ3XIcgGTNWoUr5ma23XwhvGtch1XVQeJ2pQWjnjJJqIUOCDggKnNpga-9v6gRadsnOc2mJgTx37w1J_2KE_NtjkutpZ4gW5r4K5LUy2jw6ZkLKnWHlP3U-j5Fkc_bSls2ihW51bNGdR5HEZWr99QPsf2ePp4cG-3f86-_6OPaFbEa8o3rO1frmCD2h39W4zDqwrq44iXg |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwELZQKyEuUASI8ihG4tgsie048bFquyqvVSVYiZu1tseookpWu1mJ8t_4b8w4SUtBqIdeoiixnYfH4_H4m28Ye2NcaQK4kFUKYqYgoB4UETLjYy0MyByA_B2fZvpkrt5_LUc04XqAVdIaOvZEEUlX0-Behjgi4t7SQZYJmCUolqrEJQcugLY1kYdTFEc-G5Ux0aHrHmOP6gbrjEE8_2vm2vR0jbz0H2WdZqDpA-bGd--BJ98nm85N_M-_aB1v9XE77P5gn_KDXqAesjvQPGK_DinjUNOisJ15jk3zPnySEzCdLy7JPXkb-epq757Dj2VLHkjetXzhVxfnpEBWqIf2ebEvM7fpEuAMUpNr8ofj-VnD0SjlaM2nbF6JzgAvpgwjF5xw-t9SgflnfnwVpYdlTnvKCRQ0fpAiSnmfHvsxm0-PvxyeZEPeh8xLJbvMQwBtpEHbTZvaGRDe-KKsFlDlFbFXCRUqAQF_U0QF5KSQOq9jlAFMFVQpn7Ctpm3gKeNa5LouKo_TNCitnHESDUQo8EFRgVO7TI3dbf1Aik65Oc5tMXCnjv1hqT_s0B-7bHJZbdmzgtxUwfwpS7ZL7pjY506x8oa6r0fBszj2aUNn0UC7WVs0ZnUlcBFaP7tF-6_Y3dOjqf34bvbhObtHdxJYUbxgW91qAy_R6OrcXhpWvwH6nSEC |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Carcinogenic+and+health+risk+assessment+of+respiratory+exposure+to+acrylonitrile%2C+1%2C3-butadiene+and+styrene+in+the+petrochemical+industry+using+the+US+Environmental+Protection+Agency+method&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+occupational+safety+and+ergonomics&rft.au=Ahmadi-Moshiran%2C+Vahid&rft.au=Sajedian%2C+Ali+Asghar&rft.au=Soltanzadeh%2C+Ahmad&rft.au=Seifi%2C+Fatemeh&rft.date=2022-10-02&rft.issn=1080-3548&rft.eissn=2376-9130&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=i&rft.epage=ix&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F10803548.2022.2059171&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1080_10803548_2022_2059171 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1080-3548&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1080-3548&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1080-3548&client=summon |