Morphometric Study and Branching Patterns of External Carotid Artery Using Computed Tomography Angiography Among the South Indian Population: A Retrospective Study

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 15; no. 2; p. e35624
• Main Authors: Sasikumar, Nandhini, S, Vijayalakshmi, Raghunath, Gunapriya, Karunakaran, Balaji, S, Nithya, Ks, Priya Dharshini, M, Kumaresan, G, Sankara Narayanan, Gurusamy, Karthikeyan, Maria Francis, Yuvaraj
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Cureus Inc 28.02.2023; Cureus
• Subjects: Anatomy; Carotid arteries; Chemotherapy; Females; Males; Medical imaging; Neck; Neurosurgery; Radiology; Thyroid gland; Tumors; Veins & arteries; intra-arterial chemotherapy; superior thyroid artery; carotid arteries; endarterectomy; carotid stenting
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35624

The prime source of vascularization to the head and neck region is through the carotid arteries. The terminal branches of common carotid arteries, such as external carotid artery (ECA) and internal carotid artery (ICA), and their branches are crucial due to the wide area of distribution and variations in their branching pattern. The branching pattern and morphometry are essential for surgeons in the planning and execution of head and neck surgeries. Therefore, this study was conducted to observe the branching patterns of ECA and analyze them morphometrically. This retrospective study includes 100 CT images, inclusive of 32 females and 68 males. The branching pattern and luminal diameter of CCA and ECA were measured and analyzed statistically. The luminal diameter of CCA in males were as follows: 7.4 ± 1.01 (R), 7.1 ± 0.8 (L), and in females: 7.3 ± 0.9 (R), 7 ± 0.9mm (L); and the luminal diameter of ECA in males: 5.2 ± 1.0mm (R), 5.2 ± 0.9mm (L), and in females: 5.0 ± 0.9mm (R), 5.1 ± 1.0mm (L). The level of the carotid bifurcation and ECA branching pattern was observed, and variations were commonly seen in the superior thyroid artery (STA), lingual artery (LA), and facial artery (FA).  Conclusion: The findings of the present study with regard to the external carotid artery and its branching pattern correlate with previous studies. The most common variations were observed in the superior thyroid and lingual and facial arteries. Knowledge about the morphology and branching pattern of the carotid artery is essential for procedures such as intra-arterial chemotherapy, carotid artery stenting, endarterectomy, and extra-intra cranial bypass revascularization procedure where it is harvested as a donor's vessel.