Effectiveness of geogrid reinforcement in improvement of mechanical behavior of sand-contaminated ballast
Vertical stiffness and shear strength of ballasts are significantly degraded when contaminated with sands. There is a lack of solutions/studies related to strengthening ballast against sand contamination. Addressing this limitation, a comprehensive laboratory investigation was made on effectiveness...
Saved in:
| Published in | Geotextiles and geomembranes Vol. 48; no. 6; pp. 768 - 779 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Essex
Elsevier Ltd
01.12.2020
Elsevier BV |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | Vertical stiffness and shear strength of ballasts are significantly degraded when contaminated with sands. There is a lack of solutions/studies related to strengthening ballast against sand contamination. Addressing this limitation, a comprehensive laboratory investigation was made on effectiveness of geogrid reinforcement for improvement of mechanical properties of sand-contaminated ballast. To this end, large-scale direct shear tests as well as plate load tests were conducted on geogrid-reinforced ballast samples prepared with different levels of sand contamination. The obtained results indicate that geogrid reinforcement considerably improves shear strength and vertical stiffness of contaminated ballast. A bandwidth was obtained for contamination levels in which ballast reinforcement is effective. Through examining geogrid with different aperture sizes and locations in the ballast layer, the best performance conditions of geogrid reinforcement were derived. The results were used to propose an effective method of ballast reinforcement and an efficient ballast maintenance approach in sandy areas. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Vertical stiffness and shear strength of ballasts are significantly degraded when contaminated with sands. There is a lack of solutions/studies related to strengthening ballast against sand contamination. Addressing this limitation, a comprehensive laboratory investigation was made on effectiveness of geogrid reinforcement for improvement of mechanical properties of sand-contaminated ballast. To this end, large-scale direct shear tests as well as plate load tests were conducted on geogrid-reinforced ballast samples prepared with different levels of sand contamination. The obtained results indicate that geogrid reinforcement considerably improves shear strength and vertical stiffness of contaminated ballast. A bandwidth was obtained for contamination levels in which ballast reinforcement is effective. Through examining geogrid with different aperture sizes and locations in the ballast layer, the best performance conditions of geogrid reinforcement were derived. The results were used to propose an effective method of ballast reinforcement and an efficient ballast maintenance approach in sandy areas. |
| Author | Fallah Moqaddam, Mosarreza Motevalli, Sepehr Sadeghi, Javad Ghiasinejad, Hossein Tolou Kian, Ali Reza |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Javad surname: Sadeghi fullname: Sadeghi, Javad email: javad_sadeghi@iust.ac.ir organization: School of Railway Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran – sequence: 2 givenname: Ali Reza surname: Tolou Kian fullname: Tolou Kian, Ali Reza email: ar_tkian@alumni.iust.ac.ir organization: School of Railway Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran – sequence: 3 givenname: Hossein surname: Ghiasinejad fullname: Ghiasinejad, Hossein email: hghiasinejad@iust.ac.ir organization: School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran – sequence: 4 givenname: Mosarreza surname: Fallah Moqaddam fullname: Fallah Moqaddam, Mosarreza email: mosarreza_fallah@alumni.iust.ac.ir organization: School of Railway Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran – sequence: 5 givenname: Sepehr surname: Motevalli fullname: Motevalli, Sepehr email: sepehr.s313@gmail.com organization: School of Railway Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran |
| BookMark | eNqNkT9PwzAQxS1UJNrCZyASc4KdOLEzMCDEPwmJBWbLcS7tVYldbFPBt8dVEQMLTNZZ7727-92CzKyzQMg5owWjrLncFCtwET4mmIqSlrSgdUGpOCJzJkWbV7XkMzKnZdPkjHF-QhYhbCilXLRyTvB2GMBE3IGFEDI3ZClt5bHPPKAdnDcwgY0Z2gynrXe7Q5l0E5i1tmj0mHWw1jt0fv8dtO1z42zUE1odoc86PY46xFNyPOgxwNn3uySvd7cvNw_50_P94831U24qXsVcll3POOVDK3RXgeCyk6C5gNq0NeMtFUxWwEw1UAmi73hVG8NAN61kbSn7akkuDrlp2rd3CFFt3Lu3qaUquWxkU5dlk1TioDLeheBhUFuPk_afilG156o26oer2nNVtFaJa3Je_XIajDpiWtlrHP_hvz74IUHYIXgVDII10KNPl1C9wz8zvgDXjp45 |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1080_23248378_2023_2170285 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_conbuildmat_2022_127943 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40534_024_00343_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trgeo_2021_100546 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geotexmem_2021_11_006 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trgeo_2022_100905 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geotexmem_2023_05_001 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40891_023_00494_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trgeo_2024_101401 crossref_primary_10_47072_demiryolu_1375402 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trgeo_2021_100553 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_conbuildmat_2021_124669 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_conbuildmat_2022_127439 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trgeo_2023_101042 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_conbuildmat_2021_123052 crossref_primary_10_1051_e3sconf_202456905004 crossref_primary_10_1061__ASCE_GM_1943_5622_0002128 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geotexmem_2024_04_007 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trgeo_2022_100910 crossref_primary_10_1177_09544097221148057 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_polymertesting_2021_107214 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_engfailanal_2021_105252 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_conbuildmat_2022_129654 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_powtec_2025_120752 crossref_primary_10_1177_03611981231223975 crossref_primary_10_14513_actatechjaur_00610 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geotexmem_2022_05_005 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_conbuildmat_2022_127491 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trgeo_2022_100717 crossref_primary_10_1680_jgeot_22_00339 crossref_primary_10_1680_jgein_21_00110 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geotexmem_2022_11_001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geotexmem_2020_12_015 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_42070_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trgeo_2024_101314 crossref_primary_10_1080_23248378_2023_2301591 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40515_024_00413_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trgeo_2022_100740 crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_3685709 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_conbuildmat_2022_127747 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_conbuildmat_2023_134470 crossref_primary_10_1177_03611981241231795 crossref_primary_10_3390_ma14154162 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001646 10.1520/GTJ103317 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002180 10.1016/j.jweia.2018.04.021 10.1016/j.jsv.2019.115081 10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.03.033 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2013.07.007 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.02.003 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2015.12.004 10.3141/2117-12 10.1680/jgein.18.00040 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002206 10.1680/jgeot.17.P.302 10.1139/cgj-2016-0634 10.1177/0954409713499016 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002586 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000864 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2011.01.015 10.1007/s10035-009-0144-4 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.040 10.1016/j.trgeo.2016.02.001 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117324 10.1080/17486025.2013.805253 10.1680/jgeen.17.00107 10.1016/j.trgeo.2016.08.003 10.1680/jgein.18.00025 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2007.06.003 10.1007/s10035-018-0824-z |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2020 Elsevier Ltd Copyright Elsevier BV Dec 2020 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2020 Elsevier Ltd – notice: Copyright Elsevier BV Dec 2020 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 8FD FR3 KR7 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Technology Research Database Engineering Research Database Civil Engineering Abstracts |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Technology Research Database Civil Engineering Abstracts Engineering Research Database |
| DatabaseTitleList | Technology Research Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Economics Engineering |
| EISSN | 1879-3584 |
| EndPage | 779 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1016_j_geotexmem_2020_05_007 S026611442030056X |
| GroupedDBID | --K --M .-4 ..I .~1 0R~ 1B1 1~. 1~5 29H 4.4 457 4G. 5GY 5VS 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JN AABXZ AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAEPC AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AAXUO ABMAC ABQEM ABQYD ABXDB ABXRA ABYKQ ACDAQ ACGFS ACIWK ACLVX ACNNM ACRLP ACSBN ADBBV ADEZE ADHUB ADMUD ADTZH AEBSH AECPX AEKER AENEX AEZYN AFKWA AFRZQ AFTJW AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AHHHB AHJVU AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJBFU AJOXV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ ASPBG ATOGT AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BJAXD BKOJK BLXMC CS3 DU5 E.L EBS EFJIC EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-2 G-Q GBLVA HVGLF HZ~ IHE IMUCA J1W JJJVA KOM LY7 M41 MAGPM MO0 N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 R2- RIG ROL RPZ SDF SDG SDP SES SET SEW SPC SPCBC SSE SSM SST SSZ T5K WUQ ZMT ~G- AATTM AAXKI AAYWO AAYXX ABJNI ABWVN ACRPL ACVFH ADCNI ADNMO AEIPS AEUPX AFJKZ AFPUW AFXIZ AGCQF AGQPQ AGRNS AIGII AIIUN AKBMS AKRWK AKYEP ANKPU APXCP BNPGV CITATION SSH 8FD EFKBS FR3 KR7 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c343t-82bd1404f97ab3e748b8ea47e5c9514907183e1c3f08e7db435cc1ea6981928d3 |
| IEDL.DBID | .~1 |
| ISSN | 0266-1144 |
| IngestDate | Mon Jul 14 07:40:43 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:02:42 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 03:25:20 EDT 2025 Fri Feb 23 02:45:51 EST 2024 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 6 |
| Keywords | Shear strength Plate load test Sand contamination Ballast Geogrid Railway track |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c343t-82bd1404f97ab3e748b8ea47e5c9514907183e1c3f08e7db435cc1ea6981928d3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| PQID | 2486865226 |
| PQPubID | 2045473 |
| PageCount | 12 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_journals_2486865226 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geotexmem_2020_05_007 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_geotexmem_2020_05_007 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_geotexmem_2020_05_007 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | December 2020 2020-12-00 20201201 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2020-12-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 12 year: 2020 text: December 2020 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Essex |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Essex |
| PublicationTitle | Geotextiles and geomembranes |
| PublicationYear | 2020 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd Elsevier BV |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd – name: Elsevier BV |
| References | Tolou Kian, Zakeri, Sadeghi (bib47) 2018; 14 Jayalath, Prasad, Gallage, Dhanasekar, Dareeju, Ramanujam, Lee (bib24) 2018 Zhang, Thompson, Jeong, Toward, Herron, Jones, Vincent (bib50) 2020; 468 McDowell, Stickley (bib29) 2006; 39 Saha Roy, Deb (bib40) 2018; 25 Indraratna, Hussaini, Vinod (bib22) 2012; 35 Lees, Clausen (bib27) 2019; 999 Parsons, Jowkar, Han (bib34) 2012 Yu, Woodward, Laghrouche, Connolly (bib49) 2019; 100247 Aursudkij, McDowell, Collop (bib2) 2009; 11 Farag (bib15) 2008 Sayeed, Shahin (bib42) 2018; 55 Bruno, Horvat, Raffaele (bib5) 2018; 177 Sadeghi, Zakeri, Tolou Kian (bib39) 2018; 171 Morsy, Zornberg, Leshchinsky, Han (bib30) 2019; 145 Paderno (bib32) 2011 Selig, Waters (bib43) 1994 NAUE GmbH, Co (bib31) 2019 Brown, Kwan, Thom (bib4) 2007; 25 Indraratna, Hussaini, Vinod (bib23) 2013; 39 Chen, McDowell, Thom (bib7) 2013; 8 Roodi, Zornberg (bib37) 2020; 146 Koohmishi, Palassi (bib26) 2018; 167 Din 18134 (bib12) 2012 Liu, Huang, Qiu, Kwon (bib28) 2016; 9 Rahman (bib36) 2013 Bian, Li, Qian, Tutumluer (bib3) 2019 Chawla, Shahu, Gupta (bib6) 2019; 26 Huang, Tutumluer, Dombrow (bib16) 2009; 2117 Das, Sobhan (bib11) 2013 Indraratna, Ngo, Rujikiatkamjorn (bib20) 2011; 29 Kar, Pradhan, Naik (bib25) 2012; 17 Hussein, Meguid (bib18) 2016; 44 Das (bib10) 2016; 1 Sadeghi, Tolou Kian, Shater Khabbazi (bib38) 2016; 28 Sun, Indraratna, Ngo (bib44) 2019; 69 Danesh, Palassi, Mirghasemi (bib9) 2018; 20 Esmaeili, Aela, Hosseini (bib14) 2018; 31 Tolou Kian, Sadeghi, Zakeri (bib48) 2020; 233 Indraratna, Hussaini, Vinod (bib19) 2011; 35 Hussaini, Indraratna, Vinod (bib17) 2016; 6 ASTM D3080/D3080M (bib1) 2003 Esmaeili, Aela, Hosseini (bib13) 2017; 98 Indraratna, Ngo, Rujikiatkamjorn (bib21) 2012; 139 Tamim (bib45) 2017 Paixao, Fortunato, Calçada (bib33) 2015; 229 Code 301 (bib8) 2005 Saha Roy, Deb (bib41) 2020 Tolou Kian, Sadeghi, Zakeri (bib46) 2018; 171 Qian, Mishra, Tutumluer, Kwon (bib35) 2013 Indraratna (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib19) 2011; 35 Saha Roy (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib40) 2018; 25 Saha Roy (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib41) 2020 Jayalath (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib24) 2018 Huang (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib16) 2009; 2117 Das (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib11) 2013 Aursudkij (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib2) 2009; 11 Sadeghi (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib38) 2016; 28 Koohmishi (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib26) 2018; 167 Chen (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib7) 2013; 8 Tolou Kian (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib47) 2018; 14 Tolou Kian (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib46) 2018; 171 Farag (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib15) 2008 Sun (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib44) 2019; 69 Yu (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib49) 2019; 100247 Indraratna (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib22) 2012; 35 Liu (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib28) 2016; 9 Esmaeili (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib14) 2018; 31 NAUE GmbH (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib31) Indraratna (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib21) 2012; 139 Sayeed (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib42) 2018; 55 Hussein (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib18) 2016; 44 Esmaeili (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib13) 2017; 98 Bian (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib3) 2019 ASTM D3080/D3080M (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib1) 2003 Chawla (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib6) 2019; 26 Bruno (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib5) 2018; 177 Lees (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib27) 2019; 999 Selig (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib43) 1994 Din 18134 (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib12) 2012 Morsy (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib30) 2019; 145 Tolou Kian (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib48) 2020; 233 Kar (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib25) 2012; 17 Zhang (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib50) 2020; 468 Qian (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib35) 2013 Brown (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib4) 2007; 25 Paderno (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib32) 2011 Code 301 (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib8) 2005 Indraratna (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib20) 2011; 29 McDowell (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib29) 2006; 39 Parsons (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib34) 2012 Indraratna (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib23) 2013; 39 Roodi (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib37) 2020; 146 Hussaini (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib17) 2016; 6 Paixao (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib33) 2015; 229 Tamim (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib45) 2017 Rahman (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib36) 2013 Danesh (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib9) 2018; 20 Das (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib10) 2016; 1 Sadeghi (10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib39) 2018; 171 |
| References_xml | – volume: 171 start-page: 451 year: 2018 end-page: 461 ident: bib46 article-title: Large-scale direct shear tests on sand-contaminated ballast publication-title: Proc. Inst. Civil Eng.-Geotech. Eng. – volume: 14 start-page: 563 year: 2018 end-page: 570 ident: bib47 article-title: Experimental investigation of effects of sand contamination on strain modulus of railway ballast publication-title: Geomech. Eng. – year: 2013 ident: bib35 article-title: Comparative evaluation of different aperture geogrids for ballast reinforcement through triaxial testing and discrete element modeling publication-title: Proceedings of Geosynthetics – volume: 1 start-page: 1 year: 2016 end-page: 15 ident: bib10 article-title: Use of geogrid in the construction of railroads. Innovative Infra publication-title: Solutions – volume: 100247 year: 2019 ident: bib49 article-title: True triaxial testing of geogrid for high speed railways publication-title: Transport. Geotech. – year: 2005 ident: bib8 article-title: Iranian National Code 301: General Technical Specification of Superstructure of Ballasted Railway Track. Vice-Presidency for Strategic Planning and Supervision – volume: 17 start-page: 633 year: 2012 end-page: 649 ident: bib25 article-title: Plate load test on fiber-reinforced cohesive soil publication-title: Electron. J. Geotech. Eng. – volume: 98 start-page: 1 year: 2017 end-page: 11 ident: bib13 article-title: Experimental assessment of cyclic behavior of sand-fouled ballast mixed with tire derived aggregates publication-title: Soil Dynam. Earthq. Eng. – volume: 69 start-page: 833 year: 2019 end-page: 840 ident: bib44 article-title: Effect of increase in load and frequency on the resilience of railway ballast publication-title: Geotechnique – start-page: 127 year: 2017 ident: bib45 article-title: Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Hybrid Geosynthetic Reinforcement System to Mitigate Differential Heave on Flexible Pavement Due to Expansive Subgrades, Doctoral Dissertation – volume: 2117 start-page: 93 year: 2009 end-page: 101 ident: bib16 article-title: Laboratory characterization of fouled railroad ballast behavior publication-title: Transport. Res. Rec.: J. Transport. Research Board – year: 2011 ident: bib32 article-title: Improving ballast tamping process publication-title: Proceeding of World Congress on Railway Research – volume: 146 year: 2020 ident: bib37 article-title: Long-term field evaluation of a geosynthetic-stabilized roadway founded on expansive clays publication-title: J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. – year: 2012 ident: bib34 article-title: Performance of Geogrid Reinforced Ballast under Dynamic Loading (No. 25-1121-0001-363) – volume: 28 year: 2016 ident: bib38 article-title: Improvement of mechanical properties of railway track concrete sleepers using steel fibers publication-title: J. Mater. Civ. Eng. – volume: 233 start-page: 117324 year: 2020 ident: bib48 article-title: Influences of railway ballast sand contamination on loading pattern of pre-stressed concrete sleeper publication-title: Construct. Build. Mater. – volume: 20 start-page: 1 year: 2018 end-page: 14 ident: bib9 article-title: Effect of sand and clay fouling on the shear strength of railway ballast for different ballast gradations publication-title: Granul. Matter – volume: 11 start-page: 391 year: 2009 end-page: 401 ident: bib2 article-title: Cyclic loading of railway ballast under triaxial conditions and in a railway test facility publication-title: Granul. Matter – start-page: 1 year: 2019 end-page: 19 ident: bib3 article-title: Analysing the effect of principal stress rotation on railway track settlement by discrete element method publication-title: Geotechnique – start-page: 1 year: 2018 end-page: 8 ident: bib24 article-title: Pavement model tests to investigate the effects of geogrid as subgrage reinforcement publication-title: 12 – volume: 9 start-page: 110 year: 2016 end-page: 122 ident: bib28 article-title: Effect of geogrid on railroad ballast particle movement publication-title: Transport. Geotech. – volume: 999 start-page: 1 year: 2019 end-page: 5 ident: bib27 article-title: Strength envelope of granular soil stabilized by multi-axial geogrid in large triaxial tests publication-title: Can. Geotech. J. – volume: 26 start-page: 111 year: 2019 end-page: 120 ident: bib6 article-title: Design methodology for reinforced railway tracks based on threshold stress approach publication-title: Geosynth. Int. – year: 2012 ident: bib12 article-title: Soil-Testing Procedures and Testing Equipment-Plate Load Test – year: 2019 ident: bib31 – start-page: 446 year: 1994 ident: bib43 article-title: Track Geotechnology and Substructure Management – volume: 171 start-page: 286 year: 2018 end-page: 298 ident: bib39 article-title: Effect of unsupported sleepers on rail track dynamic behaviour publication-title: Proc. Inst. Civil Eng.-Transport – volume: 31 year: 2018 ident: bib14 article-title: Effect of moisture on performance of mixture of sand-fouled ballast and tire-derived aggregates under cyclic loading publication-title: J. Mater. Civ. Eng. – volume: 39 start-page: 20 year: 2013 end-page: 29 ident: bib23 article-title: The lateral displacement response of geogrid-reinforced ballast under cyclic loading publication-title: Geotext. Geomembranes – start-page: 182 year: 2008 ident: bib15 article-title: Lateral Spreading in Basal Reinforced Embankments Supported by Pile-like Elements – volume: 177 start-page: 340 year: 2018 end-page: 365 ident: bib5 article-title: Windblown sand along railway infrastructures: a review of challenges and mitigation measures publication-title: J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod. – volume: 229 start-page: 58 year: 2015 end-page: 70 ident: bib33 article-title: Design and construction of backfills for railway track transition zones publication-title: Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. - Part F J. Rail Rapid Transit – year: 2020 ident: bib41 article-title: Effect of aspect ratio of footing on behavior of two closely-spaced footings on geogrid-reinforced sand publication-title: Geotext. Geomembranes – volume: 468 start-page: 115081 year: 2020 ident: bib50 article-title: Measurements of the high frequency dynamic stiffness of railway ballast and subgrade publication-title: J. Sound Vib. – volume: 35 start-page: 305 year: 2012 end-page: 312 ident: bib22 article-title: On the shear behavior of ballast-geosynthetic interfaces publication-title: Geotech. Test J. – volume: 55 start-page: 369 year: 2018 end-page: 396 ident: bib42 article-title: Design of ballasted railway track foundations using numerical modelling. Part II: Applications publication-title: Can. Geotech. J. – start-page: 726 year: 2013 ident: bib11 article-title: Principles of Geotechnical Engineering – year: 2003 ident: bib1 article-title: Standard Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils under Consolidated Drained Conditions – volume: 167 start-page: 514 year: 2018 end-page: 523 ident: bib26 article-title: Effect of gradation of aggregate and size of fouling materials on hydraulic conductivity of sand-fouled railway ballast publication-title: Construct. Build. Mater. – volume: 35 start-page: 305 year: 2011 end-page: 312 ident: bib19 article-title: On the shear behavior of ballast-geosynthetic interfaces publication-title: Geotech. Test J. – volume: 44 start-page: 295 year: 2016 end-page: 307 ident: bib18 article-title: A three-dimensional finite element approach for modeling biaxial geogrid with application to geogrid-reinforced soils publication-title: Geotext. Geomembranes – volume: 6 start-page: 45 year: 2016 end-page: 54 ident: bib17 article-title: A laboratory investigation to assess the functioning of railway ballast with and without geogrids publication-title: Transport. Geotech. – volume: 25 start-page: 326 year: 2007 end-page: 335 ident: bib4 article-title: Identifying the key parameters that influence geogrid reinforcement of railway ballast publication-title: Geotext. Geomembranes – volume: 8 start-page: 244 year: 2013 end-page: 253 ident: bib7 article-title: A study of geogrid-reinforced ballast using laboratory pull-out tests and discrete element modelling publication-title: Geomechanics Geoengin. – volume: 29 start-page: 313 year: 2011 end-page: 322 ident: bib20 article-title: Behavior of geogrid-reinforced ballast under various levels of fouling publication-title: Geotext. Geomembranes – volume: 25 start-page: 412 year: 2018 end-page: 426 ident: bib40 article-title: Closely spaced rectangular footings on sand over soft clay with geogrid at the interface publication-title: Geosynth. Int. – volume: 39 start-page: 26 year: 2006 end-page: 30 ident: bib29 article-title: Performance of geogrid-reinforced ballast publication-title: Ground Eng. – start-page: 101 year: 2013 ident: bib36 article-title: Permeability, Resistivity and Strength of Fouled Railroad Ballast – volume: 139 start-page: 1275 year: 2012 end-page: 1289 ident: bib21 article-title: Deformation of coal fouled ballast stabilized with geogrid under cyclic load publication-title: J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. – volume: 145 year: 2019 ident: bib30 article-title: Soil–reinforcement interaction: effect of reinforcement spacing and normal stress publication-title: J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. – year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib12 – volume: 28 issue: 11 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib38 article-title: Improvement of mechanical properties of railway track concrete sleepers using steel fibers publication-title: J. Mater. Civ. Eng. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001646 – ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib31 – volume: 1 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib10 article-title: Use of geogrid in the construction of railroads. Innovative Infra publication-title: Solutions – volume: 14 start-page: 563 issue: 6 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib47 article-title: Experimental investigation of effects of sand contamination on strain modulus of railway ballast publication-title: Geomech. Eng. – year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib1 – volume: 35 start-page: 305 issue: 2 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib22 article-title: On the shear behavior of ballast-geosynthetic interfaces publication-title: Geotech. Test J. doi: 10.1520/GTJ103317 – start-page: 446 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib43 – volume: 145 issue: 12 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib30 article-title: Soil–reinforcement interaction: effect of reinforcement spacing and normal stress publication-title: J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002180 – start-page: 1 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib24 article-title: Pavement model tests to investigate the effects of geogrid as subgrage reinforcement – start-page: 726 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib11 – volume: 100247 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib49 article-title: True triaxial testing of geogrid for high speed railways publication-title: Transport. Geotech. – start-page: 182 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib15 – volume: 17 start-page: 633 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib25 article-title: Plate load test on fiber-reinforced cohesive soil publication-title: Electron. J. Geotech. Eng. – volume: 177 start-page: 340 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib5 article-title: Windblown sand along railway infrastructures: a review of challenges and mitigation measures publication-title: J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2018.04.021 – start-page: 101 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib36 – year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib34 – start-page: 127 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib45 – volume: 35 start-page: 305 issue: 2 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib19 article-title: On the shear behavior of ballast-geosynthetic interfaces publication-title: Geotech. Test J. doi: 10.1520/GTJ103317 – start-page: 1 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib3 article-title: Analysing the effect of principal stress rotation on railway track settlement by discrete element method publication-title: Geotechnique – year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib35 article-title: Comparative evaluation of different aperture geogrids for ballast reinforcement through triaxial testing and discrete element modeling – volume: 468 start-page: 115081 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib50 article-title: Measurements of the high frequency dynamic stiffness of railway ballast and subgrade publication-title: J. Sound Vib. doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2019.115081 – volume: 999 start-page: 1 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib27 article-title: Strength envelope of granular soil stabilized by multi-axial geogrid in large triaxial tests publication-title: Can. Geotech. J. – volume: 98 start-page: 1 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib13 article-title: Experimental assessment of cyclic behavior of sand-fouled ballast mixed with tire derived aggregates publication-title: Soil Dynam. Earthq. Eng. doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.03.033 – volume: 39 start-page: 20 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib23 article-title: The lateral displacement response of geogrid-reinforced ballast under cyclic loading publication-title: Geotext. Geomembranes doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2013.07.007 – year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib41 article-title: Effect of aspect ratio of footing on behavior of two closely-spaced footings on geogrid-reinforced sand publication-title: Geotext. Geomembranes doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.02.003 – volume: 44 start-page: 295 issue: 3 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib18 article-title: A three-dimensional finite element approach for modeling biaxial geogrid with application to geogrid-reinforced soils publication-title: Geotext. Geomembranes doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2015.12.004 – volume: 2117 start-page: 93 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib16 article-title: Laboratory characterization of fouled railroad ballast behavior publication-title: Transport. Res. Rec.: J. Transport. Research Board doi: 10.3141/2117-12 – volume: 26 start-page: 111 issue: 2 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib6 article-title: Design methodology for reinforced railway tracks based on threshold stress approach publication-title: Geosynth. Int. doi: 10.1680/jgein.18.00040 – volume: 146 issue: 4 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib37 article-title: Long-term field evaluation of a geosynthetic-stabilized roadway founded on expansive clays publication-title: J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002206 – volume: 69 start-page: 833 issue: 9 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib44 article-title: Effect of increase in load and frequency on the resilience of railway ballast publication-title: Geotechnique doi: 10.1680/jgeot.17.P.302 – volume: 55 start-page: 369 issue: 3 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib42 article-title: Design of ballasted railway track foundations using numerical modelling. Part II: Applications publication-title: Can. Geotech. J. doi: 10.1139/cgj-2016-0634 – volume: 39 start-page: 26 issue: 1 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib29 article-title: Performance of geogrid-reinforced ballast publication-title: Ground Eng. – year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib32 article-title: Improving ballast tamping process – volume: 229 start-page: 58 issue: 1 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib33 article-title: Design and construction of backfills for railway track transition zones publication-title: Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. - Part F J. Rail Rapid Transit doi: 10.1177/0954409713499016 – volume: 171 start-page: 286 issue: 5 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib39 article-title: Effect of unsupported sleepers on rail track dynamic behaviour publication-title: Proc. Inst. Civil Eng.-Transport – volume: 31 issue: 2 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib14 article-title: Effect of moisture on performance of mixture of sand-fouled ballast and tire-derived aggregates under cyclic loading publication-title: J. Mater. Civ. Eng. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002586 – volume: 139 start-page: 1275 issue: 8 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib21 article-title: Deformation of coal fouled ballast stabilized with geogrid under cyclic load publication-title: J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000864 – volume: 29 start-page: 313 issue: 3 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib20 article-title: Behavior of geogrid-reinforced ballast under various levels of fouling publication-title: Geotext. Geomembranes doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2011.01.015 – volume: 11 start-page: 391 issue: 6 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib2 article-title: Cyclic loading of railway ballast under triaxial conditions and in a railway test facility publication-title: Granul. Matter doi: 10.1007/s10035-009-0144-4 – volume: 167 start-page: 514 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib26 article-title: Effect of gradation of aggregate and size of fouling materials on hydraulic conductivity of sand-fouled railway ballast publication-title: Construct. Build. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.040 – volume: 6 start-page: 45 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib17 article-title: A laboratory investigation to assess the functioning of railway ballast with and without geogrids publication-title: Transport. Geotech. doi: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2016.02.001 – volume: 233 start-page: 117324 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib48 article-title: Influences of railway ballast sand contamination on loading pattern of pre-stressed concrete sleeper publication-title: Construct. Build. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117324 – volume: 8 start-page: 244 issue: 4 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib7 article-title: A study of geogrid-reinforced ballast using laboratory pull-out tests and discrete element modelling publication-title: Geomechanics Geoengin. doi: 10.1080/17486025.2013.805253 – volume: 171 start-page: 451 issue: 5 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib46 article-title: Large-scale direct shear tests on sand-contaminated ballast publication-title: Proc. Inst. Civil Eng.-Geotech. Eng. doi: 10.1680/jgeen.17.00107 – volume: 9 start-page: 110 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib28 article-title: Effect of geogrid on railroad ballast particle movement publication-title: Transport. Geotech. doi: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2016.08.003 – volume: 25 start-page: 412 issue: 4 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib40 article-title: Closely spaced rectangular footings on sand over soft clay with geogrid at the interface publication-title: Geosynth. Int. doi: 10.1680/jgein.18.00025 – year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib8 – volume: 25 start-page: 326 issue: 6 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib4 article-title: Identifying the key parameters that influence geogrid reinforcement of railway ballast publication-title: Geotext. Geomembranes doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2007.06.003 – volume: 20 start-page: 1 issue: 3 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007_bib9 article-title: Effect of sand and clay fouling on the shear strength of railway ballast for different ballast gradations publication-title: Granul. Matter doi: 10.1007/s10035-018-0824-z |
| SSID | ssj0004798 |
| Score | 2.4536839 |
| Snippet | Vertical stiffness and shear strength of ballasts are significantly degraded when contaminated with sands. There is a lack of solutions/studies related to... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 768 |
| SubjectTerms | Ballast Concrete pavements Contamination Geogrid Geogrids Load tests Mechanical properties Plate load test Railway track Reinforcement Sand Sand contamination Shear strength Shear tests Soil fertility Stiffness Studies |
| Title | Effectiveness of geogrid reinforcement in improvement of mechanical behavior of sand-contaminated ballast |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.05.007 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2486865226 |
| Volume | 48 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LSwMxEA5FD-pBtCpWq-Tgde0-stnUWylKVexFC72FbDJbVnRbuit48reb2Ue1InjwmJAsS2YyMxm--YaQC88HbmJ700JtjMO07zkq5MaxnlYxIzwbM2NC_2HMRxN2Nw2nLTJsamEQVlnb_sqml9a6nunVp9lbpGnv0UXfYt8DvouU63yKFewsQi2__PiCebCo7IeLix1cvYbxmsG8gPdXwJJ03y0pPLGv7O8e6oetLh3QzR7ZrSNHOqh-bp-0IGuTraawOG-TnW_cggckrXiJa2NG5wmdYb_z1NAllGypukwM0jSjaZlYqIZ23StgNTAKjzZF_Didq8w4iGxXiJ6xgSqNMQmfF4dkcnP9NBw5dV8FRwcsKBzhxwZZdZJ-pOIAIiZiAYpFEGobbzH7XLb3HDwdJK6AyMQ2otLaA8X7yJ4mTHBENrJ5BseEhso-nxLDFBce83QitB8kUd_EXDCAQHUIb85S6pp0HHtfvMgGXfYsV0KQKATphtIKoUPc1cZFxbvx95arRlhyTYWk9Q5_b-424pX1Lc6lzwQXHCPUk_98-5Rs46gCwXTJRrF8gzMbyhTxeamr52RzcHs_Gn8Ct4r2Fw |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV07T8QwDLZ4DMCAeIo3GVjL9ZGmOTaEQAfcsXAn3RaliYuKoIe4IjHx24n74CUkBsamSVXFsf3Fsj8DHAUhCps6TYuNtR43YeDpWFjPeVrNrQwcZqaA_uBG9Eb8ahyPZ-CsrYWhtMrG9tc2vbLWzUin2c3OU553bn3yLe4-EPpEuS7GszDPnfpSG4Pjt888D55UDXFptkfTvyV53eGkxNdHpJr00K84PKmx7O8u6oexrjzQxQosN9CRndZ_twozWKzBQltZPF2DpS_kguuQ18TEjTVjk4zdUcPz3LJnrOhSTRUZZHnB8iqyUD-6eY9I5cAkPdZW8dPwVBfWo9R2TekzDqmylKLw03IDRhfnw7Oe1zRW8EzEo9KTYWqJVifrJjqNMOEylah5grFxgIu7-7JTdAxMlPkSE5s6SGVMgFp0iT5N2mgT5opJgVvAYu3uT5nlWsiAByaTJoyypGtTITlipLdBtHupTMM6Ts0vHlSbXnavPoSgSAjKj5UTwjb4HwufauKNv5ectMJS386Qcu7h78V7rXhVo8ZTFXIppCCIuvOfbx_CQm846Kv-5c31LizSmzojZg_myucX3He4pkwPqnP7DlMJ96U |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+geogrid+reinforcement+in+improvement+of+mechanical+behavior+of+sand-contaminated+ballast&rft.jtitle=Geotextiles+and+geomembranes&rft.au=Sadeghi%2C+Javad&rft.au=Tolou+Kian%2C+Ali+Reza&rft.au=Ghiasinejad%2C+Hossein&rft.au=Fallah+Moqaddam%2C+Mosarreza&rft.date=2020-12-01&rft.issn=0266-1144&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=768&rft.epage=779&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.geotexmem.2020.05.007&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1016_j_geotexmem_2020_05_007 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0266-1144&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0266-1144&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0266-1144&client=summon |