Measuring nanomechanical motion with a microwave cavity interferometer

A mechanical resonator is a physicist’s most tangible example of a harmonic oscillator. With the advent of micro and nanoscale mechanical resonators, researchers are rapidly progressing towards a tangible harmonic oscillator with motion that requires a quantum description. Challenges include freezin...

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Published inNature physics Vol. 4; no. 7; pp. 555 - 560
Main Authors Lehnert, K. W, Regal, C. A, Teufel, J. D
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.07.2008
Nature Publishing Group
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Abstract A mechanical resonator is a physicist’s most tangible example of a harmonic oscillator. With the advent of micro and nanoscale mechanical resonators, researchers are rapidly progressing towards a tangible harmonic oscillator with motion that requires a quantum description. Challenges include freezing out the thermomechanical motion to leave only zero-point quantum fluctuations δ x zp and, equally importantly, realizing a Heisenberg-limited displacement detector. Here, we introduce a detector that can be in principle quantum limited and is also capable of efficiently coupling to the motion of small-mass, nanoscale objects, which have the most accessible zero-point motion. Specifically, we measure the displacement of a nanomechanical beam using a superconducting transmission-line microwave cavity. We realize excellent mechanical force sensitivity (3 aN Hz −1/2 ), detect thermal motion at tens of millikelvin temperatures and achieve a displacement imprecision of 30 times the standard quantum limit. Measurements of the position of a nanoscale beam using a microwave cavity detector represents a promising step towards being able to measure displacements at the quantum limit.
AbstractList A mechanical resonator is a physicist's most tangible example of a harmonic oscillator. With the advent of micro and nanoscale mechanical resonators, researchers are rapidly progressing towards a tangible harmonic oscillator with motion that requires a quantum description. Challenges include freezing out the thermomechanical motion to leave only zero-point quantum fluctuations [delta]xzp and, equally importantly, realizing a Heisenberg-limited displacement detector. Here, we introduce a detector that can be in principle quantum limited and is also capable of efficiently coupling to the motion of small-mass, nanoscale objects, which have the most accessible zero-point motion. Specifically, we measure the displacement of a nanomechanical beam using a superconducting transmission-line microwave cavity. We realize excellent mechanical force sensitivity (3 aN Hz-1/2), detect thermal motion at tens of millikelvin temperatures and achieve a displacement imprecision of 30 times the standard quantum limit. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
A mechanical resonator is a physicist's most tangible example of a harmonic oscillator. With the advent of micro and nanoscale mechanical resonators, researchers are rapidly progressing towards a tangible harmonic oscillator with motion that requires a quantum description. Challenges include freezing out the thermomechanical motion to leave only zero-point quantum fluctuations [delta]x(zp) and, equally importantly, realizing a Heisenberg-limited displacement detector. Here, we introduce a detector that can be in principle quantum limited and is also capable of efficiently coupling to the motion of small-mass, nanoscale objects, which have the most accessible zero-point motion. Specifically, we measure the displacement of a nanomechanical beam using a superconducting transmission- line microwave cavity. We realize excellent mechanical force sensitivity (3 aN Hz(-1/2)), detect thermal motion at tens of millikelvin temperatures and achieve a displacement imprecision of 30 times the standard quantum limit.
A mechanical resonator is a physicist’s most tangible example of a harmonic oscillator. With the advent of micro and nanoscale mechanical resonators, researchers are rapidly progressing towards a tangible harmonic oscillator with motion that requires a quantum description. Challenges include freezing out the thermomechanical motion to leave only zero-point quantum fluctuations δ x zp and, equally importantly, realizing a Heisenberg-limited displacement detector. Here, we introduce a detector that can be in principle quantum limited and is also capable of efficiently coupling to the motion of small-mass, nanoscale objects, which have the most accessible zero-point motion. Specifically, we measure the displacement of a nanomechanical beam using a superconducting transmission-line microwave cavity. We realize excellent mechanical force sensitivity (3 aN Hz −1/2 ), detect thermal motion at tens of millikelvin temperatures and achieve a displacement imprecision of 30 times the standard quantum limit. Measurements of the position of a nanoscale beam using a microwave cavity detector represents a promising step towards being able to measure displacements at the quantum limit.
Author Lehnert, K. W
Regal, C. A
Teufel, J. D
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  givenname: C. A
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  organization: JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado
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  surname: Teufel
  fullname: Teufel, J. D
  organization: JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado
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Snippet A mechanical resonator is a physicist’s most tangible example of a harmonic oscillator. With the advent of micro and nanoscale mechanical resonators,...
A mechanical resonator is a physicist's most tangible example of a harmonic oscillator. With the advent of micro and nanoscale mechanical resonators,...
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SubjectTerms Atomic
Classical and Continuum Physics
Complex Systems
Condensed Matter Physics
Fluctuations
Freezing
Mathematical and Computational Physics
Measurement techniques
Molecular
Nanotechnology
Optical and Plasma Physics
Oscillators
Physics
Physics and Astronomy
Quantum theory
Theoretical
Transmission lines
Title Measuring nanomechanical motion with a microwave cavity interferometer
URI http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys974
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/nphys974
https://www.proquest.com/docview/194660862
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