Effects of Varying Protein Amounts and Types on Diet-Induced Thermogenesis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Protein is the most thermogenic macronutrient, but it is unclear how different amounts and types of protein impact diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the impact of isocaloric meals/diets containing different amounts or types of protein on energy metabo...

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Published inAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Vol. 15; no. 12; p. 100332
Main Authors Guarneiri, Liana L, Adams, Caryn G, Garcia-Jackson, Bibiana, Koecher, Katie, Wilcox, Meredith L, Maki, Kevin C
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 01.12.2024
American Society for Nutrition
Subjects
Adolescent
Adult
Diet
diet-induced thermogenesis
Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage
Dietary Proteins - pharmacology
energy expenditure
Energy Intake
Energy Metabolism - drug effects
fat oxidation
Female
Humans
Male
Meals
metabolism
Middle Aged
Obesity - metabolism
protein
Review
substrate utilization
thermic effect of food
Thermogenesis - drug effects
Young Adult
thermic effect of food
fat oxidation
CI
diet-induced thermogenesis
IQR
SMD
energy expenditure
substrate utilization
DIT
REE
PAEE
protein
TDEE
GRADE
metabolism
RER
RQ
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Abstract Protein is the most thermogenic macronutrient, but it is unclear how different amounts and types of protein impact diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the impact of isocaloric meals/diets containing different amounts or types of protein on energy metabolism. Databases were searched in June 2024 for studies that compare DIT or total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in response to isocaloric acute meals or longer-term diets containing different amounts or types of protein. After identifying 3894 records, 52 studies were included. Standardized mean difference (SMD) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each outcome. In acute studies, intake of higher compared with lower-protein meals resulted in greater DIT (SMD: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.65; P < 0.001) and TDEE (SMD: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.73; P < 0.001). Notably, the subgroup analysis indicated that this effect on DIT was statistically significant for studies involving participants with normal weight but not overweight/obesity, although it is not clear if this finding was a true effect or because of study design characteristics. In chronic studies (ranging from 4 d to 1 y), intake of higher compared with lower-protein diets resulted in greater TDEE (SMD: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.48; P = 0.003) and resting energy expenditure (SMD: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.35; P = 0.039), but no differences in DIT (SMD: 0.10; 95% CI: –0.08, 0.28; P = 0.27). There was no evidence that different types of protein impacted energy metabolism. Higher protein meals/diets increase components of energy expenditure. This trial was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero; PROSPERO 2023) as CRD42023389642.
AbstractList Protein is the most thermogenic macronutrient, but it is unclear how different amounts and types of protein impact diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the impact of isocaloric meals/diets containing different amounts or types of protein on energy metabolism. Databases were searched in June 2024 for studies that compare DIT or total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in response to isocaloric acute meals or longer-term diets containing different amounts or types of protein. After identifying 3894 records, 52 studies were included. Standardized mean difference (SMD) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each outcome. In acute studies, intake of higher compared with lower-protein meals resulted in greater DIT (SMD: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.65; P < 0.001) and TDEE (SMD: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.73; P < 0.001). Notably, the subgroup analysis indicated that this effect on DIT was statistically significant for studies involving participants with normal weight but not overweight/obesity, although it is not clear if this finding was a true effect or because of study design characteristics. In chronic studies (ranging from 4 d to 1 y), intake of higher compared with lower-protein diets resulted in greater TDEE (SMD: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.48; P = 0.003) and resting energy expenditure (SMD: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.35; P = 0.039), but no differences in DIT (SMD: 0.10; 95% CI: –0.08, 0.28; P = 0.27). There was no evidence that different types of protein impacted energy metabolism. Higher protein meals/diets increase components of energy expenditure. This trial was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero; PROSPERO 2023) as CRD42023389642.
Protein is the most thermogenic macronutrient, but it is unclear how different amounts and types of protein impact diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the impact of isocaloric meals/diets containing different amounts or types of protein on energy metabolism. Databases were searched in June 2024 for studies that compare DIT or total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in response to isocaloric acute meals or longer-term diets containing different amounts or types of protein. After identifying 3894 records, 52 studies were included. Standardized mean difference (SMD) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each outcome. In acute studies, intake of higher compared with lower-protein meals resulted in greater DIT (SMD: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.65; P < 0.001) and TDEE (SMD: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.73; P < 0.001). Notably, the subgroup analysis indicated that this effect on DIT was statistically significant for studies involving participants with normal weight but not overweight/obesity, although it is not clear if this finding was a true effect or because of study design characteristics. In chronic studies (ranging from 4 d to 1 y), intake of higher compared with lower-protein diets resulted in greater TDEE (SMD: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.48; P = 0.003) and resting energy expenditure (SMD: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.35; P = 0.039), but no differences in DIT (SMD: 0.10; 95% CI: –0.08, 0.28; P = 0.27). There was no evidence that different types of protein impacted energy metabolism. Higher protein meals/diets increase components of energy expenditure. This trial was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero ; PROSPERO 2023) as CRD42023389642.
Protein is the most thermogenic macronutrient, but it is unclear how different amounts and types of protein impact diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the impact of isocaloric meals/diets containing different amounts or types of protein on energy metabolism. Databases were searched in June 2024 for studies that compare DIT or total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in response to isocaloric acute meals or longer-term diets containing different amounts or types of protein. After identifying 3894 records, 52 studies were included. Standardized mean difference (SMD) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each outcome. In acute studies, intake of higher compared with lower-protein meals resulted in greater DIT (SMD: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.65; P < 0.001) and TDEE (SMD: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.73; P < 0.001). Notably, the subgroup analysis indicated that this effect on DIT was statistically significant for studies involving participants with normal weight but not overweight/obesity, although it is not clear if this finding was a true effect or because of study design characteristics. In chronic studies (ranging from 4 d to 1 y), intake of higher compared with lower-protein diets resulted in greater TDEE (SMD: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.48; P = 0.003) and resting energy expenditure (SMD: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.35; P = 0.039), but no differences in DIT (SMD: 0.10; 95% CI: -0.08, 0.28; P = 0.27). There was no evidence that different types of protein impacted energy metabolism. Higher protein meals/diets increase components of energy expenditure. This trial was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero; PROSPERO 2023) as CRD42023389642.
Protein is the most thermogenic macronutrient, but it is unclear how different amounts and types of protein impact diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the impact of isocaloric meals/diets containing different amounts or types of protein on energy metabolism. Databases were searched in June 2024 for studies that compare DIT or total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in response to isocaloric acute meals or longer-term diets containing different amounts or types of protein. After identifying 3894 records, 52 studies were included. Standardized mean difference (SMD) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each outcome. In acute studies, intake of higher compared with lower-protein meals resulted in greater DIT (SMD: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.65; P < 0.001) and TDEE (SMD: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.73; P < 0.001). Notably, the subgroup analysis indicated that this effect on DIT was statistically significant for studies involving participants with normal weight but not overweight/obesity, although it is not clear if this finding was a true effect or because of study design characteristics. In chronic studies (ranging from 4 d to 1 y), intake of higher compared with lower-protein diets resulted in greater TDEE (SMD: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.48; P = 0.003) and resting energy expenditure (SMD: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.35; P = 0.039), but no differences in DIT (SMD: 0.10; 95% CI: -0.08, 0.28; P = 0.27). There was no evidence that different types of protein impacted energy metabolism. Higher protein meals/diets increase components of energy expenditure. This trial was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero; PROSPERO 2023) as CRD42023389642.Protein is the most thermogenic macronutrient, but it is unclear how different amounts and types of protein impact diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the impact of isocaloric meals/diets containing different amounts or types of protein on energy metabolism. Databases were searched in June 2024 for studies that compare DIT or total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in response to isocaloric acute meals or longer-term diets containing different amounts or types of protein. After identifying 3894 records, 52 studies were included. Standardized mean difference (SMD) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each outcome. In acute studies, intake of higher compared with lower-protein meals resulted in greater DIT (SMD: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.65; P < 0.001) and TDEE (SMD: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.73; P < 0.001). Notably, the subgroup analysis indicated that this effect on DIT was statistically significant for studies involving participants with normal weight but not overweight/obesity, although it is not clear if this finding was a true effect or because of study design characteristics. In chronic studies (ranging from 4 d to 1 y), intake of higher compared with lower-protein diets resulted in greater TDEE (SMD: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.48; P = 0.003) and resting energy expenditure (SMD: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.35; P = 0.039), but no differences in DIT (SMD: 0.10; 95% CI: -0.08, 0.28; P = 0.27). There was no evidence that different types of protein impacted energy metabolism. Higher protein meals/diets increase components of energy expenditure. This trial was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero; PROSPERO 2023) as CRD42023389642.
ArticleNumber 100332
Author Wilcox, Meredith L
Maki, Kevin C
Adams, Caryn G
Guarneiri, Liana L
Koecher, Katie
Garcia-Jackson, Bibiana
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  organization: Midwest Biomedical Research, Addison, IL, United States
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Keywords thermic effect of food
fat oxidation
CI
diet-induced thermogenesis
IQR
SMD
energy expenditure
substrate utilization
DIT
REE
PAEE
protein
TDEE
GRADE
metabolism
RER
RQ
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Snippet Protein is the most thermogenic macronutrient, but it is unclear how different amounts and types of protein impact diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). The...
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SubjectTerms Adolescent
Adult
Diet
diet-induced thermogenesis
Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage
Dietary Proteins - pharmacology
energy expenditure
Energy Intake
Energy Metabolism - drug effects
fat oxidation
Female
Humans
Male
Meals
metabolism
Middle Aged
Obesity - metabolism
protein
Review
substrate utilization
thermic effect of food
Thermogenesis - drug effects
Young Adult
Title Effects of Varying Protein Amounts and Types on Diet-Induced Thermogenesis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100332
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39486625
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3123549377
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11625215
Volume 15
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