Origin and Emplacement of the Cambrian Yanglong Ophiolite in the North Qilian Suture

Fragments of Proto‐Tethyan oceanic lithosphere are well‐preserved along the southern belt of the North Qilian suture, and the origin and emplacement of these ophiolites have become subjects of intense debate. In this study, we integrate field observations, mineralogical and geochemical analyses, zir...

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Published inActa geologica Sinica (Beijing) Vol. 99; no. 2; pp. 409 - 424
Main Authors FU, Changlei, XUE, Wanwen, PAN, Tong, YAN, Zhen, GUO, Xianqing, AITCHISON, Jonathan C., XIAO, Wenjiao, WANG, Bingzhang, LI, Wufu
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Richmond Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.04.2025
EditionEnglish ed.
Subjects
Abyssal zone
Affinity
arc–continent collision
Cambrian
Earth mantle
forearc ophiolite
Gabbro
Geochemistry
Geology
intra‐oceanic subduction
Lithosphere
Ophiolites
Ordovician
Peridotite
Proto‐Tethys Ocean
Qilian Orogen
Radiometric dating
Rocks
Subduction
Subduction (geology)
Tectonics
Volcanic rocks
Zircon
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Abstract Fragments of Proto‐Tethyan oceanic lithosphere are well‐preserved along the southern belt of the North Qilian suture, and the origin and emplacement of these ophiolites have become subjects of intense debate. In this study, we integrate field observations, mineralogical and geochemical analyses, zircon U‐Pb dating, and isotopic data to investigate the Yanglong ophiolite. The Yanglong ophiolitic rocks are found as tectonic slices resting on the Neoproterozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks. These rocks are composed of Cambrian serpentinized peridotite, gabbro, dolerite, and rodingite. The spinels in the serpentinized peridotites have variable Cr# values (21, 38–46, and 59–61) and display affinity to those in abyssal and forearc peridotites. The dolerites show slight enrichment in Th and have elevated (La/Sm)N ratios (1.19–2.01), indicating a subduction‐related geochemical affinity. The Yanglong ophiolitic rocks have positive zircon εHf(t) values (+10.3 to +18.4) and whole‐rock εNd(t) values (+5.3 to +6.7) indicating derivation from partial melting of a depleted mantle source. These results, together with the regional geology, collectively suggest that the Yanglong ophiolite was generated in a forearc setting during the Early Cambrian northward intra‐oceanic subduction. It was emplaced onto the Central Qilian Block during the subsequent arc–continent collision, no later than the Early Ordovician.
AbstractList Fragments of Proto‐Tethyan oceanic lithosphere are well‐preserved along the southern belt of the North Qilian suture, and the origin and emplacement of these ophiolites have become subjects of intense debate. In this study, we integrate field observations, mineralogical and geochemical analyses, zircon U‐Pb dating, and isotopic data to investigate the Yanglong ophiolite. The Yanglong ophiolitic rocks are found as tectonic slices resting on the Neoproterozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks. These rocks are composed of Cambrian serpentinized peridotite, gabbro, dolerite, and rodingite. The spinels in the serpentinized peridotites have variable Cr# values (21, 38–46, and 59–61) and display affinity to those in abyssal and forearc peridotites. The dolerites show slight enrichment in Th and have elevated (La/Sm)N ratios (1.19–2.01), indicating a subduction‐related geochemical affinity. The Yanglong ophiolitic rocks have positive zircon εHf(t) values (+10.3 to +18.4) and whole‐rock εNd(t) values (+5.3 to +6.7) indicating derivation from partial melting of a depleted mantle source. These results, together with the regional geology, collectively suggest that the Yanglong ophiolite was generated in a forearc setting during the Early Cambrian northward intra‐oceanic subduction. It was emplaced onto the Central Qilian Block during the subsequent arc–continent collision, no later than the Early Ordovician.
Fragments of Proto‐Tethyan oceanic lithosphere are well‐preserved along the southern belt of the North Qilian suture, and the origin and emplacement of these ophiolites have become subjects of intense debate. In this study, we integrate field observations, mineralogical and geochemical analyses, zircon U‐Pb dating, and isotopic data to investigate the Yanglong ophiolite. The Yanglong ophiolitic rocks are found as tectonic slices resting on the Neoproterozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks. These rocks are composed of Cambrian serpentinized peridotite, gabbro, dolerite, and rodingite. The spinels in the serpentinized peridotites have variable Cr # values (21, 38–46, and 59–61) and display affinity to those in abyssal and forearc peridotites. The dolerites show slight enrichment in Th and have elevated (La/Sm) N ratios (1.19–2.01), indicating a subduction‐related geochemical affinity. The Yanglong ophiolitic rocks have positive zircon ε Hf ( t ) values (+10.3 to +18.4) and whole‐rock ε Nd ( t ) values (+5.3 to +6.7) indicating derivation from partial melting of a depleted mantle source. These results, together with the regional geology, collectively suggest that the Yanglong ophiolite was generated in a forearc setting during the Early Cambrian northward intra‐oceanic subduction. It was emplaced onto the Central Qilian Block during the subsequent arc–continent collision, no later than the Early Ordovician.
Author PAN, Tong
WANG, Bingzhang
FU, Changlei
XUE, Wanwen
GUO, Xianqing
XIAO, Wenjiao
YAN, Zhen
AITCHISON, Jonathan C.
LI, Wufu
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  surname: PAN
  fullname: PAN, Tong
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Notes pant66@163.com
PAN Tong, male, born in 1966 in Haidong, Qinghai Province; Ph.D., graduated from Jilin University; professor of engineering at the Bureau of Geological Exploration and Development of Qinghai Province. He is engaged in metallogenic regularity and mineral exploration. E‐mail
FU Changlei, male, born in 1988 in Linyi, Shandong Province; Ph.D., associate professor of the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. He is now working on geological mapping, ophiolite, and tectonics. E‐mail
About the first author
fucl815@126.com
593339751@qq.com
XUE Wanwen, male, born in 1971 in Xining, Qinghai Province; master, graduated from China University of Geosciences (Beijing); professor of engineering at the No.3 Exploration Institute of Geology Resources of Qinghai Province. He is engaged in geological survey and mineral exploration. E‐mail
About the corresponding authors
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Snippet Fragments of Proto‐Tethyan oceanic lithosphere are well‐preserved along the southern belt of the North Qilian suture, and the origin and emplacement of these...
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wiley
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SubjectTerms Abyssal zone
Affinity
arc–continent collision
Cambrian
Earth mantle
forearc ophiolite
Gabbro
Geochemistry
Geology
intra‐oceanic subduction
Lithosphere
Ophiolites
Ordovician
Peridotite
Proto‐Tethys Ocean
Qilian Orogen
Radiometric dating
Rocks
Subduction
Subduction (geology)
Tectonics
Volcanic rocks
Zircon
Title Origin and Emplacement of the Cambrian Yanglong Ophiolite in the North Qilian Suture
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2F1755-6724.15254
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3195366595
Volume 99
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