Geometric inhomogeneous random graphs

• Published in: Theoretical computer science Vol. 760; pp. 35 - 54
• Main Authors: Bringmann, Karl, Keusch, Ralph, Lengler, Johannes
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 14.02.2019
• Subjects: Clustering coefficient; Compression algorithms; Hyperbolic random graphs; Random graph models; Real-world networks; Sampling algorithms; Sampling algorithms; Real-world networks; Clustering coefficient; Random graph models; Hyperbolic random graphs; Compression algorithms
• ISSN: 0304-3975; 1879-2294
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tcs.2018.08.014

Real-world networks, like social networks or the internet infrastructure, have structural properties such as large clustering coefficients that can best be described in terms of an underlying geometry. This is why the focus of the literature on theoretical models for real-world networks shifted from classic models without geometry, such as Chung–Lu random graphs, to modern geometry-based models, such as hyperbolic random graphs. With this paper we contribute to the theoretical analysis of these modern, more realistic random graph models. Instead of studying directly hyperbolic random graphs, we use a generalization that we call geometric inhomogeneous random graphs (GIRGs). Since we ignore constant factors in the edge probabilities, GIRGs are technically simpler (specifically, we avoid hyperbolic cosines), while preserving the qualitative behavior of hyperbolic random graphs, and we suggest to replace hyperbolic random graphs by this new model in future theoretical studies. We prove the following fundamental structural and algorithmic results on GIRGs. (1) We provide a sampling algorithm that generates a random graph from our model in expected linear time, improving the best-known sampling algorithm for hyperbolic random graphs by a substantial factor O(n). (2) We establish that GIRGs have clustering coefficients in Ω(1), (3) we prove that GIRGs have small separators, i.e., it suffices to delete a sublinear number of edges to break the giant component into two large pieces, and (4) we show how to compress GIRGs using an expected linear number of bits. •GIRGs are a random graph model that reproduces many features of real-world networks.•The model contains the celebrated hyperbolic random graphs as special case.•They have large clustering coefficient, small separators, and small entropy.•We present a linear-time sampling algorithm and a linear-space compression algorithm.