First hominine remains from a ∼1.0 million year old bone bed at Cornelia-Uitzoek, Free State Province, South Africa
We report here on evidence of early Homo around 1.0 Ma (millions of years ago) in the central plains of southern Africa. The human material, a first upper molar, was discovered during the systematic excavation of a densely-packed bone bed in the basal part of the sedimentary sequence at the Cornelia...
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Published in | Journal of human evolution Vol. 63; no. 3; pp. 527 - 535 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Elsevier Ltd
01.09.2012
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Abstract | We report here on evidence of early Homo around 1.0 Ma (millions of years ago) in the central plains of southern Africa. The human material, a first upper molar, was discovered during the systematic excavation of a densely-packed bone bed in the basal part of the sedimentary sequence at the Cornelia-Uitzoek fossil vertebrate locality. We dated this sequence by palaeomagnetism and correlated the bone bed to the Jaramillo subchron, between 1.07 and 0.99 Ma. This makes the specimen the oldest southern African hominine remains outside the dolomitic karst landscapes of northern South Africa. Cornelia-Uitzoek is the type locality of the Cornelian Land Mammal Age. The fauna contains an archaic component, reflecting previous biogeographic links with East Africa, and a derived component, suggesting incipient southern endemism. The bone bed is considered to be the result of the bone collecting behaviour of a large predator, possibly spotted hyaenas. Acheulian artefacts are found in small numbers within the bone bed among the fossil vertebrates, reflecting the penecontemporaneous presence of people in the immediate vicinity of the occurrence. The hominine tooth was recovered from the central, deeper part of the bone bed. In size, it clusters with southern African early Homo and it is also morphologically similar. We propose that the early Homo specimen forms part of an archaic component in the fauna, in parallel with the other archaic faunal elements at Uitzoek. This supports an emergent pattern of archaic survivors in the southern landscape at this time, but also demonstrates the presence of early Homo in the central plains of southern Africa, beyond the dolomitic karst areas. |
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AbstractList | We report here on evidence of early Homo around 1.0 Ma (millions of years ago) in the central plains of southern Africa. The human material, a first upper molar, was discovered during the systematic excavation of a densely-packed bone bed in the basal part of the sedimentary sequence at the Cornelia-Uitzoek fossil vertebrate locality. We dated this sequence by palaeomagnetism and correlated the bone bed to the Jaramillo subchron, between 1.07 and 0.99 Ma. This makes the specimen the oldest southern African hominine remains outside the dolomitic karst landscapes of northern South Africa. Cornelia-Uitzoek is the type locality of the Cornelian Land Mammal Age. The fauna contains an archaic component, reflecting previous biogeographic links with East Africa, and a derived component, suggesting incipient southern endemism. The bone bed is considered to be the result of the bone collecting behaviour of a large predator, possibly spotted hyaenas. Acheulian artefacts are found in small numbers within the bone bed among the fossil vertebrates, reflecting the penecontemporaneous presence of people in the immediate vicinity of the occurrence. The hominine tooth was recovered from the central, deeper part of the bone bed. In size, it clusters with southern African early Homo and it is also morphologically similar. We propose that the early Homo specimen forms part of an archaic component in the fauna, in parallel with the other archaic faunal elements at Uitzoek. This supports an emergent pattern of archaic survivors in the southern landscape at this time, but also demonstrates the presence of early Homo in the central plains of southern Africa, beyond the dolomitic karst areas. We report here on evidence of early Homo around 1.0 Ma (millions of years ago) in the central plains of southern Africa. The human material, a first upper molar, was discovered during the systematic excavation of a densely-packed bone bed in the basal part of the sedimentary sequence at the Cornelia-Uitzoek fossil vertebrate locality. We dated this sequence by palaeomagnetism and correlated the bone bed to the Jaramillo subchron, between 1.07 and 0.99 Ma. This makes the specimen the oldest southern African hominine remains outside the dolomitic karst landscapes of northern South Africa. Cornelia-Uitzoek is the type locality of the Cornelian Land Mammal Age. The fauna contains an archaic component, reflecting previous biogeographic links with East Africa, and a derived component, suggesting incipient southern endemism. The bone bed is considered to be the result of the bone collecting behaviour of a large predator, possibly spotted hyaenas. Acheulian artefacts are found in small numbers within the bone bed among the fossil vertebrates, reflecting the penecontemporaneous presence of people in the immediate vicinity of the occurrence. The hominine tooth was recovered from the central, deeper part of the bone bed. In size, it clusters with southern African early Homo and it is also morphologically similar. We propose that the early Homo specimen forms part of an archaic component in the fauna, in parallel with the other archaic faunal elements at Uitzoek. This supports an emergent pattern of archaic survivors in the southern landscape at this time, but also demonstrates the presence of early Homo in the central plains of southern Africa, beyond the dolomitic karst areas. All rights reserved, Elsevier We report here on evidence of early Homo around 1.0 Ma (millions of years ago) in the central plains of southern Africa. The human material, a first upper molar, was discovered during the systematic excavation of a densely-packed bone bed in the basal part of the sedimentary sequence at the Cornelia-Uitzoek fossil vertebrate locality. We dated this sequence by palaeomagnetism and correlated the bone bed to the Jaramillo subchron, between 1.07 and 0.99 Ma. This makes the specimen the oldest southern African hominine remains outside the dolomitic karst landscapes of northern South Africa. Cornelia-Uitzoek is the type locality of the Cornelian Land Mammal Age. The fauna contains an archaic component, reflecting previous biogeographic links with East Africa, and a derived component, suggesting incipient southern endemism. The bone bed is considered to be the result of the bone collecting behaviour of a large predator, possibly spotted hyaenas. Acheulian artefacts are found in small numbers within the bone bed among the fossil vertebrates, reflecting the penecontemporaneous presence of people in the immediate vicinity of the occurrence. The hominine tooth was recovered from the central, deeper part of the bone bed. In size, it clusters with southern African early Homo and it is also morphologically similar. We propose that the early Homo specimen forms part of an archaic component in the fauna, in parallel with the other archaic faunal elements at Uitzoek. This supports an emergent pattern of archaic survivors in the southern landscape at this time, but also demonstrates the presence of early Homo in the central plains of southern Africa, beyond the dolomitic karst areas. |
Author | Moggi-Cecchi, Jacopo Brink, James S. Grün, Rainer Herries, Andy I.R. Bousman, C. Britt Adams, Justin W. Hancox, John P. Gowlett, John A.J. Eisenmann, Vera Rossouw, Lloyd |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: James S. surname: Brink fullname: Brink, James S. email: jbrink@nasmus.co.za organization: Florisbad Quaternary Research, National Museum, P.O Box 266, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa – sequence: 2 givenname: Andy I.R. surname: Herries fullname: Herries, Andy I.R. email: a.herries@latrobe.edu.au organization: Australian Archaeomagnetism Laboratory, Archaeology Program, School of Historical and European Studies, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, VIC, Australia – sequence: 3 givenname: Jacopo surname: Moggi-Cecchi fullname: Moggi-Cecchi, Jacopo email: jacopo@unifi.it organization: Laboratori di Antropologia, Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica 'Leo Pardi', Universita' di Firenze, Firenze, Italy – sequence: 4 givenname: John A.J. surname: Gowlett fullname: Gowlett, John A.J. email: gowlett@liverpool.ac.uk organization: British Academy Centenary Project, Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, L69 3GS Liverpool, UK – sequence: 5 givenname: C. Britt surname: Bousman fullname: Bousman, C. Britt email: bousman@txstate.edu organization: Department of Anthropology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: John P. surname: Hancox fullname: Hancox, John P. email: jhancox@cciconline.com organization: Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa – sequence: 7 givenname: Rainer surname: Grün fullname: Grün, Rainer email: Rainer.Grun@anu.edu.au organization: Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia – sequence: 8 givenname: Vera surname: Eisenmann fullname: Eisenmann, Vera email: vera@mnhn.fr organization: MNHN, Département Histoire de la Terre, CP 38, 8 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France – sequence: 9 givenname: Justin W. surname: Adams fullname: Adams, Justin W. email: adamjust@gvsu.edu organization: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University Allendale, MI 49401, USA – sequence: 10 givenname: Lloyd surname: Rossouw fullname: Rossouw, Lloyd email: lloyd@nasmus.co.za organization: Department of Archaeology, National Museum, P.O Box 266, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa |
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Keywords | Acheulian Palaeomagnetism Cornelian Land Mammal Age Early Homo Southern Africa taphonomy Prehistoric artefacts magnetostratigraphy Chordata lower Pleistocene Eutheria Primates Theria teeth Cenozoic Tetrapoda Hominidae discriminant analysis Quaternary Homo Paleolithic Vertebrata Mammalia paleomagnetism Phanerozoic biostratigraphy Pleistocene |
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Snippet | We report here on evidence of early Homo around 1.0 Ma (millions of years ago) in the central plains of southern Africa. The human material, a first upper... We report here on evidence of early Homo around 1.0 Ma (millions of years ago) in the central plains of southern Africa. The human material, a first upper... |
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SubjectTerms | Acheulian Animals Cluster sampling Cornelian Land Mammal Age Early Homo Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Ecology Exact sciences and technology Fossils History, Ancient Hominidae - anatomy & histology Hominids Human remains Mammals Marine and continental quaternary Molar - anatomy & histology Palaeomagnetism Paleomusicology Paleontology Provinces South Africa Southern Africa Surficial geology Teeth Tool Use Behavior Vertebrate paleontology |
Title | First hominine remains from a ∼1.0 million year old bone bed at Cornelia-Uitzoek, Free State Province, South Africa |
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