Diets enriched with palm olein, cocoa butter, and extra virgin olive oil exhibited similar lipid response: a randomized controlled study in young healthy adults

• Published in: Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 105; pp. 113 - 125
• Main Authors: Loganathan, Radhika, Nagapan, Gowri, Teng, Kim-Tiu, Voon, Phooi Tee, Yap, Sia Yen, Ng, Yen Teng, Ng, Tony Kock Wai, Choo, Yuen May, Ong, Augustine Soon Hock, Ong, Seng Huat, Selvaduray, Kanga Rani
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Inc 01.09.2022
• Subjects: Cocoa butter; Lipid; Olive oil; Palm olein; sn-2; Cocoa butter; MUFA; Olive oil; Palm olein; Lipid; SFA; IDL; EVOO; HDL; HOMA-IR; TG; sn-2; LDL; IE; CB; PO
• ISSN: 0271-5317; 1879-0739
• DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.06.011

Vegetable oils having unsaturated fatty acids in the sn-2 position of triglyceride (TG) backbone might not raise serum cholesterol levels. We investigated the chronic effects of diets enriched with palm olein (IV64) (PO), cocoa butter (CB), or extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) with oleic acid primarily at the sn-2 position (66%, 75%, 87% sn-2 oleic acid, respectively) of the TG molecule in 40 healthy volunteers participated in this randomized, controlled, single-blinded, crossover trial. Following a 2-week run-in period, the subjects were given standardization meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) cooked with palm olein (IV72). Subjects were randomized to 1 of the 3 intervention groups; receiving baked products (brownies for breakfast and cookies for teatime) prepared with respective test fats accompanied with standardized low-fat meals for breakfast, lunch, and dinner prepared with palm olein (IV72) for all groups for 4 weeks in a crossover manner with 2-week washout period (given standardization meals). Anthropometric measurements, blood samples, and dietary intakes were measured before run-in and pre- and post-intervention. No significant difference was observed on the primary outcome of the study total: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. All 3 test fats were found to exhibit similar lipid responses (total cholesterol, TG, lipoprotein (a), apolipoprotein-A1, apolipoprotein-B/A-1). Statistical difference was found on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (CB>EVOO by 0.3 mmol/L, P = .003), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (PO>CB by 0.04 mmol/L, P = .02) and apolipoprotein-B (EVOO<PO and CB by 0.03 mmol/L, P = .01 and 0.04 mmol, P = .001 respectively). Diets with PO, CB, and EVOO have almost similar lipid profiles and homeostatic model assessment measures. The chronic effects of diets enriched with palm olein (PO), cocoa butter (CB), or extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) with oleic acid primarily at the sn-2 position (66%, 75%, 87% sn-2 oleic acid, respectively) of the triglyceride molecule were investigated in 40 healthy volunteers participated in this randomized, controlled, single-blinded, crossover trial. PO and CB had almost similar lipid responses with EVOO although saturated fatty acid was found to be predominantly at the sn-1,3 position and overall (sn-1, 2, and 3 positions) [Display omitted]