Soil health indicators in oil palm agroforestry systems in the eastern Amazon, Brazil

Agroforestry systems (AFSs) are generally recognized for improving soil health and increasing soil carbon (C) stock. In the Amazon region, oil palm AFSs have been promoted as a productive strategy and may offer an additional benefit of recovering degraded areas. Our objective was to evaluate whether...

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Published inGeoderma Regional Vol. 37; p. e00806
Main Authors Gomes, Mila Façanha, Oliveira, Raimundo Leonardo Lima de, Costa, Lucélia Rosa de Jesus, Campos, Wilian Victor da Silva, Kato, Osvaldo Ryohei, Castellani, Debora Cristina, Vasconcelos, Steel Silva
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier B.V 01.06.2024
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Abstract Agroforestry systems (AFSs) are generally recognized for improving soil health and increasing soil carbon (C) stock. In the Amazon region, oil palm AFSs have been promoted as a productive strategy and may offer an additional benefit of recovering degraded areas. Our objective was to evaluate whether the management practices adopted in oil palm AFSs affect soil health indicators and C stock. We carried out a study in Tomé-Açu, state of Pará, eastern Amazon, through which we evaluated two oil palm AFSs that differed in species diversity: higher diversity (AFShigh) and lower diversity (AFSlow). We used a regenerating forest (FOR) to compare with the oil palm AFSs, as regenerating forests are also a model of environmental recovery in the eastern Amazon. In the 0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm soil layers, we evaluated chemical indicators (active acidity (pH), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and aluminum (Al)), (b) physical indicators (density (SD) and stability of aggregates (AGGRE)), and (c) biological indicators (permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), particulate organic carbon (POC), total soil carbon (SOC content) and root stock (ROOT)). We also evaluated the total soil carbon stock (SOC stock). The values of the biological indicators in the most superficial layer, especially the C indicators, were higher in the AFSlow (C content: 1.63 ± 0.13%, POXC: 568 ± 17 mg kg−1, POC: 0.63 ± 0.10 g kg−1) and the AFShigh (C content: 1.84 ± 0.04%, POXC: 656 ± 24 mg kg−1, POC: 0.83 ± 0.06 g kg−1) than in FOR (C content: 1.35 ± 0.09%, POXC: 336 ± 10 mg kg−1, POC: 0.44 ± 0.03 g kg−1). In general, the values of chemical indicators were higher in the AFSs than in FOR, except for the Al content, which was higher in FOR than in the AFSs. The physical indicators did not show a specific pattern of variation between the AFSs and FOR; aggregate stability was higher in FOR (range throughout the soil profile: 5.57 ± 0.09 to 5.38 ± 0.24 mm) than in the AFSlow (5.41 ± 0.03 to 3.79 ± 0.07 mm) and the AFShigh (5.07 ± 0.01 to 3.79 ± 0.11 mm) in all the soil layers, and soil density was higher in the AFShigh and FOR than in the AFSlow in most subsurface layers. Therefore, oil palm AFSs improve the chemical and biological health of the soil, especially in the more superficial layers, but it does not improve the physical health of the soil when compared to the forest. •Oil palm agroforestry improves soil fertility.•Oil palm agroforestry shows higher carbon levels than regenerating forest.•Oil palm agroforestry does not improve soil physical health.
AbstractList Agroforestry systems (AFSs) are generally recognized for improving soil health and increasing soil carbon (C) stock. In the Amazon region, oil palm AFSs have been promoted as a productive strategy and may offer an additional benefit of recovering degraded areas. Our objective was to evaluate whether the management practices adopted in oil palm AFSs affect soil health indicators and C stock. We carried out a study in Tomé-Açu, state of Pará, eastern Amazon, through which we evaluated two oil palm AFSs that differed in species diversity: higher diversity (AFShigh) and lower diversity (AFSlow). We used a regenerating forest (FOR) to compare with the oil palm AFSs, as regenerating forests are also a model of environmental recovery in the eastern Amazon. In the 0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm soil layers, we evaluated chemical indicators (active acidity (pH), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and aluminum (Al)), (b) physical indicators (density (SD) and stability of aggregates (AGGRE)), and (c) biological indicators (permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), particulate organic carbon (POC), total soil carbon (SOC content) and root stock (ROOT)). We also evaluated the total soil carbon stock (SOC stock). The values of the biological indicators in the most superficial layer, especially the C indicators, were higher in the AFSlow (C content: 1.63 ± 0.13%, POXC: 568 ± 17 mg kg⁻¹, POC: 0.63 ± 0.10 g kg⁻¹) and the AFShigh (C: 1.84 ± 0.04%, POXC: 656 ± 24 mg kg⁻¹, POC: 0.83 ± 0.06 g kg⁻¹) than in FOR (C: 1.35 ± 0.09%, POXC: 336 ± 10 mg kg⁻¹, POC: 0.44 ± 0.03 g kg⁻¹). In general, the values of chemical indicators were higher in the AFSs than in FOR, except for the Al content, which was higher in FOR than in the AFSs. The physical indicators did not show a specific pattern of variation between the AFSs and FOR; aggregate stability was higher in FOR (range throughout the soil profile: 5.57 ± 0.09 to 5.38 ± 0.24 mm) than in the AFSlow (5.41 ± 0.03 to 3.79 ± 0.07 mm) and the AFShigh (5.07 ± 0.01 to 3.79 ± 0.11 mm) in all the soil layers, and soil density was higher in the AFShigh and FOR than in the AFSlow in most subsurface layers. Therefore, oil palm AFSs improve the chemical and biological health of the soil, especially in the more superficial layers, but it does not improve the physical health of the soil when compared to the forest.
Agroforestry systems (AFSs) are generally recognized for improving soil health and increasing soil carbon (C) stock. In the Amazon region, oil palm AFSs have been promoted as a productive strategy and may offer an additional benefit of recovering degraded areas. Our objective was to evaluate whether the management practices adopted in oil palm AFSs affect soil health indicators and C stock. We carried out a study in Tomé-Açu, state of Pará, eastern Amazon, through which we evaluated two oil palm AFSs that differed in species diversity: higher diversity (AFShigh) and lower diversity (AFSlow). We used a regenerating forest (FOR) to compare with the oil palm AFSs, as regenerating forests are also a model of environmental recovery in the eastern Amazon. In the 0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm soil layers, we evaluated chemical indicators (active acidity (pH), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and aluminum (Al)), (b) physical indicators (density (SD) and stability of aggregates (AGGRE)), and (c) biological indicators (permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), particulate organic carbon (POC), total soil carbon (SOC content) and root stock (ROOT)). We also evaluated the total soil carbon stock (SOC stock). The values of the biological indicators in the most superficial layer, especially the C indicators, were higher in the AFSlow (C content: 1.63 ± 0.13%, POXC: 568 ± 17 mg kg−1, POC: 0.63 ± 0.10 g kg−1) and the AFShigh (C content: 1.84 ± 0.04%, POXC: 656 ± 24 mg kg−1, POC: 0.83 ± 0.06 g kg−1) than in FOR (C content: 1.35 ± 0.09%, POXC: 336 ± 10 mg kg−1, POC: 0.44 ± 0.03 g kg−1). In general, the values of chemical indicators were higher in the AFSs than in FOR, except for the Al content, which was higher in FOR than in the AFSs. The physical indicators did not show a specific pattern of variation between the AFSs and FOR; aggregate stability was higher in FOR (range throughout the soil profile: 5.57 ± 0.09 to 5.38 ± 0.24 mm) than in the AFSlow (5.41 ± 0.03 to 3.79 ± 0.07 mm) and the AFShigh (5.07 ± 0.01 to 3.79 ± 0.11 mm) in all the soil layers, and soil density was higher in the AFShigh and FOR than in the AFSlow in most subsurface layers. Therefore, oil palm AFSs improve the chemical and biological health of the soil, especially in the more superficial layers, but it does not improve the physical health of the soil when compared to the forest. •Oil palm agroforestry improves soil fertility.•Oil palm agroforestry shows higher carbon levels than regenerating forest.•Oil palm agroforestry does not improve soil physical health.
ArticleNumber e00806
Author Campos, Wilian Victor da Silva
Vasconcelos, Steel Silva
Costa, Lucélia Rosa de Jesus
Gomes, Mila Façanha
Oliveira, Raimundo Leonardo Lima de
Kato, Osvaldo Ryohei
Castellani, Debora Cristina
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  givenname: Raimundo Leonardo Lima de
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  organization: Mato Grosso State University, Av. Santos Dumont, s/n, São Jorge, Cáceres, MT 78200-000, Brazil
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  givenname: Lucélia Rosa de Jesus
  surname: Costa
  fullname: Costa, Lucélia Rosa de Jesus
  organization: Graduate Program in Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Av. Tancredo Neves, 2501, Belém, PA 66077-830, Brazil
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  givenname: Wilian Victor da Silva
  surname: Campos
  fullname: Campos, Wilian Victor da Silva
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  givenname: Osvaldo Ryohei
  surname: Kato
  fullname: Kato, Osvaldo Ryohei
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  givenname: Debora Cristina
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  givenname: Steel Silva
  surname: Vasconcelos
  fullname: Vasconcelos, Steel Silva
  organization: Embrapa Eastern Amazon, Tv. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro, s/n, Belém, PA 66095-903, Brazil
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Snippet Agroforestry systems (AFSs) are generally recognized for improving soil health and increasing soil carbon (C) stock. In the Amazon region, oil palm AFSs have...
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SubjectTerms acidity
aggregate stability
agroforestry
aluminum
Amazonia
Brazil
calcium
carbon sinks
Degraded soil
Elaeis guineensis
forests
magnesium
particulate organic carbon
phosphorus
physical health
potassium
soil carbon
soil density
Soil labile carbon
soil profiles
Soil quality
species diversity
Title Soil health indicators in oil palm agroforestry systems in the eastern Amazon, Brazil
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00806
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3153628553
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