The predominant role of IgM in grouper (Epinephelus coioides) mucosal defense against ectoparasitic protozoan infection

The skin mucosa of fish is exposed to significant challenges from infectious disease agents due to continuous exposure to the aqueous environment. Interestingly, bony fish have evolved to express a unique IgT, which is absent in terrestrials, that appears to play a predominant role in the mucosal-as...

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Published in	Fish & shellfish immunology Vol. 155; p. 110023
Main Authors	Mo, Zequan, Lin, Huajian, Lai, Xueli, Dan, Pengbo, Wu, Huicheng, Luo, Xiaochun, Dan, Xueming, Li, Yanwei
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	England Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2024
Subjects	Animals antibodies Bass - immunology blood serum Ciliophora - immunology Ciliophora - physiology Ciliophora Infections - immunology Ciliophora Infections - veterinary ectoparasites Ectoparasitic protozoan Epinephelus coioides Fish Diseases - immunology Fish Diseases - parasitology Fish Proteins - genetics Fish Proteins - immunology grouper IgM IgT Immunity, Mucosal Immunoglobulin M - immunology infectious diseases mucosa Mucosal immunity Oncorhynchus mykiss polymers protozoal infections shellfish Skin - immunology Ectoparasitic protozoan Mucosal immunity IgM IgT
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Abstract	The skin mucosa of fish is exposed to significant challenges from infectious disease agents due to continuous exposure to the aqueous environment. Interestingly, bony fish have evolved to express a unique IgT, which is absent in terrestrials, that appears to play a predominant role in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue of the rainbow trout. Nevertheless, in other IgT-producing fish, it is unclear whether IgM or IgT is primarily responsible for protection against infections of cutaneous tissue. Here, we show that grouper IgM appears quickly within the skin following challenge by the marine parasite, Crytopcaryon irritans. These IgM-class antibodies may arise from local proliferating antibody secreting cells or may infiltrate tissue from the serum in dimer polymer form. Based on details of IgM functional responses, we conclude that grouper IgM plays a predominant role in defense against C. irritans. •Immune fish rapidly increase skin-specific IgM against C. irritans.•C. irritans Challenged groupers exhibit local IgM + B cell expansion and infiltration.•Grouper skin IgM proves crucial in countering C. irritans.
AbstractList	The skin mucosa of fish is exposed to significant challenges from infectious disease agents due to continuous exposure to the aqueous environment. Interestingly, bony fish have evolved to express a unique IgT, which is absent in terrestrials, that appears to play a predominant role in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue of the rainbow trout. Nevertheless, in other IgT-producing fish, it is unclear whether IgM or IgT is primarily responsible for protection against infections of cutaneous tissue. Here, we show that grouper IgM appears quickly within the skin following challenge by the marine parasite, Crytopcaryon irritans. These IgM-class antibodies may arise from local proliferating antibody secreting cells or may infiltrate tissue from the serum in dimer polymer form. Based on details of IgM functional responses, we conclude that grouper IgM plays a predominant role in defense against C. irritans. The skin mucosa of fish is exposed to significant challenges from infectious disease agents due to continuous exposure to the aqueous environment. Interestingly, bony fish have evolved to express a unique IgT, which is absent in terrestrials, that appears to play a predominant role in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue of the rainbow trout. Nevertheless, in other IgT-producing fish, it is unclear whether IgM or IgT is primarily responsible for protection against infections of cutaneous tissue. Here, we show that grouper IgM appears quickly within the skin following challenge by the marine parasite, Crytopcaryon irritans. These IgM-class antibodies may arise from local proliferating antibody secreting cells or may infiltrate tissue from the serum in dimer polymer form. Based on details of IgM functional responses, we conclude that grouper IgM plays a predominant role in defense against C. irritans. •Immune fish rapidly increase skin-specific IgM against C. irritans.•C. irritans Challenged groupers exhibit local IgM + B cell expansion and infiltration.•Grouper skin IgM proves crucial in countering C. irritans. The skin mucosa of fish is exposed to significant challenges from infectious disease agents due to continuous exposure to the aqueous environment. Interestingly, bony fish have evolved to express a unique IgT, which is absent in terrestrials, that appears to play a predominant role in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue of the rainbow trout. Nevertheless, in other IgT-producing fish, it is unclear whether IgM or IgT is primarily responsible for protection against infections of cutaneous tissue. Here, we show that grouper IgM appears quickly within the skin following challenge by the marine parasite, Crytopcaryon irritans. These IgM-class antibodies may arise from local proliferating antibody secreting cells or may infiltrate tissue from the serum in dimer polymer form. Based on details of IgM functional responses, we conclude that grouper IgM plays a predominant role in defense against C. irritans.The skin mucosa of fish is exposed to significant challenges from infectious disease agents due to continuous exposure to the aqueous environment. Interestingly, bony fish have evolved to express a unique IgT, which is absent in terrestrials, that appears to play a predominant role in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue of the rainbow trout. Nevertheless, in other IgT-producing fish, it is unclear whether IgM or IgT is primarily responsible for protection against infections of cutaneous tissue. Here, we show that grouper IgM appears quickly within the skin following challenge by the marine parasite, Crytopcaryon irritans. These IgM-class antibodies may arise from local proliferating antibody secreting cells or may infiltrate tissue from the serum in dimer polymer form. Based on details of IgM functional responses, we conclude that grouper IgM plays a predominant role in defense against C. irritans.
ArticleNumber	110023
Author	Li, Yanwei Mo, Zequan Luo, Xiaochun Dan, Xueming Lin, Huajian Dan, Pengbo Lai, Xueli Wu, Huicheng
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Zequan surname: Mo fullname: Mo, Zequan organization: University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Huajian surname: Lin fullname: Lin, Huajian organization: Guangdong Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center (Guangdong Animal Health and Quarantine Institute), Guangzhou, 510665, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Xueli surname: Lai fullname: Lai, Xueli organization: University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Pengbo surname: Dan fullname: Dan, Pengbo organization: International Department, Affiliated High School of South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Huicheng surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Huicheng organization: University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Xiaochun orcidid: 0000-0001-9554-370X surname: Luo fullname: Luo, Xiaochun organization: School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China – sequence: 7 givenname: Xueming surname: Dan fullname: Dan, Xueming email: dxm72@scau.edu.cn organization: University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China – sequence: 8 givenname: Yanwei surname: Li fullname: Li, Yanwei email: yanweili@scau.edu.cn organization: University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Keywords	Ectoparasitic protozoan Mucosal immunity IgM IgT
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SubjectTerms	Animals antibodies Bass - immunology blood serum Ciliophora - immunology Ciliophora - physiology Ciliophora Infections - immunology Ciliophora Infections - veterinary ectoparasites Ectoparasitic protozoan Epinephelus coioides Fish Diseases - immunology Fish Diseases - parasitology Fish Proteins - genetics Fish Proteins - immunology grouper IgM IgT Immunity, Mucosal Immunoglobulin M - immunology infectious diseases mucosa Mucosal immunity Oncorhynchus mykiss polymers protozoal infections shellfish Skin - immunology
Title	The predominant role of IgM in grouper (Epinephelus coioides) mucosal defense against ectoparasitic protozoan infection
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