Development and Validation of an Effective Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Determination of Synthetic Colorants After Cloud Point Extraction and Comparision with New Green HPLC Method
Synthetic colorants are largely used in the pharmaceutical products to increase the attractiveness of products and to help patients distinguish between pharmaceuticals. Despite their commercial advantages, synthetic colorants may, in some cases, have a negative impact on the human body. It is theref...
Saved in:
Published in | Journal of AOAC International Vol. 102; no. 4; pp. 1241 - 1252 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
AOAC International
01.07.2019
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | Synthetic colorants are largely used in the pharmaceutical products to increase the attractiveness of products and to help patients distinguish between pharmaceuticals. Despite their commercial advantages, synthetic colorants may, in some cases, have a negative impact on the human body. It is therefore imperative to measure the quantities in food products and pharmaceuticals with a fast, reliable, and sensitive method.
The analyzed synthetic colorants in this study are Erythrosine [(E) E127], Quinoline Yellow [(QY) E104], and Indigo Carmine [(IC) E132]. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a new method for the preconcentration and simultaneous determination of these colorants in pharmaceutical preparations.
The developed method has many advantages such as novelty, sensitivity, cost effectiveness, speed, and environmental friendliness. This method is based on the cloud-point extraction (CPE) method coupled with first-derivative spectrophotometry (FDS). In the proposed method, QY, E, and IC were extracted from an aqueous solution by using mixed micelles of TritonX-100 and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The effect of the main parameters such as solution pH, surfactant and salt concentration, incubation time, and temperature on the CPE of colorants were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the extracted surfactant-rich phase was diluted with acetone, and the first-derivative absorbance values were measured at wavelengths 408, 497, and 637 nm for QY, E, and IC, respectively. The CPE-FDS method was applied in the range of 1.0-6.0 μg/mL for E and QY, and 0.3-1.8 μg/mL for IC.
The results showed higher correlation coefficients of 0.9990-0.9993 for each colorant. Furthermore, the method was validated for precision and accuracy and assessed the colorants' contents in the synthetic mixtures that contained different ratios of colorants and pharmaceutical samples. The LOD and LOQ values were 31.0 and 103.0 ng/mL for E, 57.0 and 190.0 ng/mL for QY, and 48.0 and 160.0 ng/mL for IC, respectively. The RSDs at the intermediate concentration level (1.2 μg/mL for IC and 3 μg/mL for QY and for E) were <5%. The recovery values in different ratios of colorants were in the ranges of 90.42-101.14, 92.40-105.54, and 96.15-101.25% for E, IC, and QY, respectively. CPE-FDS was also successfully applied to the simultaneous analysis of the QY, IC, and E contents in the various pharmaceutical samples. The obtained results were statistically compared with those obtained by the green HPLC method that was previously reported by Yoshioka et al. and modified by us in this study.
The data observed indicated that the CPE-FDS method does not require use of great samples for determination of trace amounts of E, IC, and QY and allows for the determination of analytes in high matrix effect samples such as suspension and syrup. The study concludes that the proposed CPE-FDS method could be considered an alternative to the existing chromatographical methods for the simultaneous determination of trace amounts of E, IC, and QY in pharmaceutical dosage forms for routine analysis.
A new and effective procedure, simultaneous determination, trace amounts of E, QY, and IC was developed. This is the first report that uses CPE coupled with FDS for the analysis of E, QY, and IC. CPE avoids the use of costly, hazardous, and flammable solvents in large quantities. FDS resolves two or three overlapping spectra and eliminates matrix interferences. CPE-FDS did not require use of large samples for determination of trace colorants. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Background: Synthetic colorants are largely used in the pharmaceutical products to increase the attractiveness of products and to help patients distinguish between pharmaceuticals. Despite their commercial advantages, synthetic colorants may, in some cases, have a negative impact on the human body. It is therefore imperative to measure the quantities in food products and pharmaceuticals with a fast, reliable, and sensitive method. Objective: The analyzed synthetic colorants in this study are Erythrosine [(E) E127], Quinoline Yellow [(QY) E104], and Indigo Carmine [(IC) E132]. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a new method for the preconcentration and simultaneous determination of these colorants in pharmaceutical preparations. Method: The developed method has many advantages such as novelty, sensitivity, cost effectiveness, speed, and environmental friendliness. This method is based on the cloud-point extraction (CPE) method coupled with first-derivative spectrophotometry (FDS). In the proposed method, QY, E, and IC were extracted from an aqueous solution by using mixed micelles of TritonX-100 and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The effect of the main parameters such as solution pH, surfactant and salt concentration, incubation time, and temperature on the CPE of colorants were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the extracted surfactant-rich phase was diluted with acetone, and the first-derivative absorbance values were measured at wavelengths 408, 497, and 637 nm for QY, E, and IC, respectively. The CPE-FDS method was applied in the range of 1.0-6.0 [micro]g/mL for E and QY, and 0.3-1.8 [micro]g/mL for IC. Results: The results showed higher correlation coefficients of 0.9990-0.9993 for each colorant. Furthermore, the method was validated for precision and accuracy and assessed the colorants' contents in the synthetic mixtures that contained different ratios of colorants and pharmaceutical samples. The LOD and LOQ values were 31.0 and 103.0 ng/mL for E, 57.0 and 190.0 ng/mL for QY, and 48.0 and 160.0 ng/mL for IC, respectively. The RSDs at the intermediate concentration level (1.2 [micro]g/mL for IC and 3 [micro]g/mL for QY and for E) were <5%. The recovery values in different ratios of colorants were in the ranges of 90.42-101.14, 92.40-105.54, and 96.15-101.25% for E, IC, and QY, respectively. CPE-FDS was also successfully applied to the simultaneous analysis of the QY, IC, and E contents in the various pharmaceutical samples. The obtained results were statistically compared with those obtained by the green HPLC method that was previously reported by Yoshioka et al. and modified by us in this study. Conclusions: The data observed indicated that the CPE-FDS method does not require use of great samples for determination of trace amounts of E, IC, and QY and allows for the determination of analytes in high matrix effect samples such as suspension and syrup. The study concludes that the proposed CPE-FDS method could be considered an alternative to the existing chromatographical methods for the simultaneous determination of trace amounts of E, IC, and QY in pharmaceutical dosage forms for routine analysis. Highlights: A new and effective procedure, simultaneous determination, trace amounts of E, QY, and IC was developed. This is the first report that uses CPE coupled with FDS for the analysis of E, QY, and IC. CPE avoids the use of costly, hazardous, and flammable solvents in large quantities. FDS resolves two or three overlapping spectra and eliminates matrix interferences. CPE-FDS did not require use of large samples for determination of trace colorants. Abstract Background: Synthetic colorants are largely used in the pharmaceutical products to increase the attractiveness of products and to help patients distinguish between pharmaceuticals. Despite their commercial advantages, synthetic colorants may, in some cases, have a negative impact on the human body. It is therefore imperative to measure the quantities in food products and pharmaceuticals with a fast, reliable, and sensitive method. Objective: The analyzed synthetic colorants in this study are Erythrosine [(E) E127], Quinoline Yellow [(QY) E104], and Indigo Carmine [(IC) E132]. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a new method for the preconcentration and simultaneous determination of these colorants in pharmaceutical preparations. Method: The developed method has many advantages such as novelty, sensitivity, cost effectiveness, speed, and environmental friendliness. This method is based on the cloud-point extraction (CPE) method coupled with first-derivative spectrophotometry (FDS). In the proposed method, QY, E, and IC were extracted from an aqueous solution by using mixed micelles of TritonX-100 and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The effect of the main parameters such as solution pH, surfactant and salt concentration, incubation time, and temperature on the CPE of colorants were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the extracted surfactant-rich phase was diluted with acetone, and the first-derivative absorbance values were measured at wavelengths 408, 497, and 637 nm for QY, E, and IC, respectively. The CPE-FDS method was applied in the range of 1.0–6.0 μg/mL for E and QY, and 0.3–1.8 μg/mL for IC. Results: The results showed higher correlation coefficients of 0.9990–0.9993 for each colorant. Furthermore, the method was validated for precision and accuracy and assessed the colorants’ contents in the synthetic mixtures that contained different ratios of colorants and pharmaceutical samples. The LOD and LOQ values were 31.0 and 103.0 ng/mL for E, 57.0 and 190.0 ng/mL for QY, and 48.0 and 160.0 ng/mL for IC, respectively. The RSDs at the intermediate concentration level (1.2 μg/mL for IC and 3 μg/mL for QY and for E) were <5%. The recovery values in different ratios of colorants were in the ranges of 90.42–101.14, 92.40–105.54, and 96.15–101.25% for E, IC, and QY, respectively. CPE-FDS was also successfully applied to the simultaneous analysis of the QY, IC, and E contents in the various pharmaceutical samples. The obtained results were statistically compared with those obtained by the green HPLC method that was previously reported by Yoshioka et al. and modified by us in this study. Conclusions: The data observed indicated that the CPE-FDS method does not require use of great samples for determination of trace amounts of E, IC, and QY and allows for the determination of analytes in high matrix effect samples such as suspension and syrup. The study concludes that the proposed CPE-FDS method could be considered an alternative to the existing chromatographical methods for the simultaneous determination of trace amounts of E, IC, and QY in pharmaceutical dosage forms for routine analysis. Highlights: A new and effective procedure, simultaneous determination, trace amounts of E, QY, and IC was developed. This is the first report that uses CPE coupled with FDS for the analysis of E, QY, and IC. CPE avoids the use of costly, hazardous, and flammable solvents in large quantities. FDS resolves two or three overlapping spectra and eliminates matrix interferences. CPE-FDS did not require use of large samples for determination of trace colorants. Synthetic colorants are largely used in the pharmaceutical products to increase the attractiveness of products and to help patients distinguish between pharmaceuticals. Despite their commercial advantages, synthetic colorants may, in some cases, have a negative impact on the human body. It is therefore imperative to measure the quantities in food products and pharmaceuticals with a fast, reliable, and sensitive method. The analyzed synthetic colorants in this study are Erythrosine [(E) E127], Quinoline Yellow [(QY) E104], and Indigo Carmine [(IC) E132]. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a new method for the preconcentration and simultaneous determination of these colorants in pharmaceutical preparations. The developed method has many advantages such as novelty, sensitivity, cost effectiveness, speed, and environmental friendliness. This method is based on the cloud-point extraction (CPE) method coupled with first-derivative spectrophotometry (FDS). In the proposed method, QY, E, and IC were extracted from an aqueous solution by using mixed micelles of TritonX-100 and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The effect of the main parameters such as solution pH, surfactant and salt concentration, incubation time, and temperature on the CPE of colorants were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the extracted surfactant-rich phase was diluted with acetone, and the first-derivative absorbance values were measured at wavelengths 408, 497, and 637 nm for QY, E, and IC, respectively. The CPE-FDS method was applied in the range of 1.0-6.0 μg/mL for E and QY, and 0.3-1.8 μg/mL for IC. The results showed higher correlation coefficients of 0.9990-0.9993 for each colorant. Furthermore, the method was validated for precision and accuracy and assessed the colorants' contents in the synthetic mixtures that contained different ratios of colorants and pharmaceutical samples. The LOD and LOQ values were 31.0 and 103.0 ng/mL for E, 57.0 and 190.0 ng/mL for QY, and 48.0 and 160.0 ng/mL for IC, respectively. The RSDs at the intermediate concentration level (1.2 μg/mL for IC and 3 μg/mL for QY and for E) were <5%. The recovery values in different ratios of colorants were in the ranges of 90.42-101.14, 92.40-105.54, and 96.15-101.25% for E, IC, and QY, respectively. CPE-FDS was also successfully applied to the simultaneous analysis of the QY, IC, and E contents in the various pharmaceutical samples. The obtained results were statistically compared with those obtained by the green HPLC method that was previously reported by Yoshioka et al. and modified by us in this study. The data observed indicated that the CPE-FDS method does not require use of great samples for determination of trace amounts of E, IC, and QY and allows for the determination of analytes in high matrix effect samples such as suspension and syrup. The study concludes that the proposed CPE-FDS method could be considered an alternative to the existing chromatographical methods for the simultaneous determination of trace amounts of E, IC, and QY in pharmaceutical dosage forms for routine analysis. A new and effective procedure, simultaneous determination, trace amounts of E, QY, and IC was developed. This is the first report that uses CPE coupled with FDS for the analysis of E, QY, and IC. CPE avoids the use of costly, hazardous, and flammable solvents in large quantities. FDS resolves two or three overlapping spectra and eliminates matrix interferences. CPE-FDS did not require use of large samples for determination of trace colorants. |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Üstün Özgür, Mahmure Delmidan, Merve |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Mahmure surname: Üstün Özgür fullname: Üstün Özgür, Mahmure organization: Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul, Turkey 34220 – sequence: 2 givenname: Merve surname: Delmidan fullname: Delmidan, Merve organization: Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul, Turkey 34220 |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30646971$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
BookMark | eNo9kU9v3CAQxVGVqvnT3nuqOPbiDRjbmOPK2SSVtm2kbXu1MAxdIhtcjJPm6_WTFWc3EQeG0fsN8_TO0YnzDhD6SMmq5AW5vJdeKuviitYZyXPxBp1RURQZF3l-kmpSkYzlnJ6i82m6J6SgFcnfoVNGqqISnJ6hf1fwAL0fB3ARS6fxL9lbLaP1DnuTOnhjDKhoHwDvxlQEP-599APEYBX-CnHvNTY-4J0d5j5KB36e8BVECIN1r4N2Ty7uISak8b0P0sUJr00S4ab3s8Z3PtnAm78xSPXMLLs0fhhlsNPyfrRxj7_BI74JAA7f3m2b4-_v0Vsj-wk-HO8L9PN686O5zbbfb740622mGKtjVlSalMrwytCuBKWFNnlNDNOVVrkQpKw16wQxHQdGSs0FER0vBSGaFJUpDbtAnw9zx-D_zDDFdrCTgr4_eG5zygXjnDOepKuD9LfsobXO-MVXOhoGq1KGxqb-uhSMlbSu6gSQA6CCn6YAph2DHWR4ailpl6jbl6hbWrdL1An5dFxn7gbQr8BLtuw_jACsuQ |
CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1007_s11082_023_05964_6 crossref_primary_10_1080_19393210_2022_2158495 crossref_primary_10_2116_analsci_20N013 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2019 AOAC International |
Copyright_xml | – notice: COPYRIGHT 2019 AOAC International |
DBID | CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM AAYXX CITATION 7X8 |
DOI | 10.5740/jaoacint.18-0229 |
DatabaseName | Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic |
DatabaseTitle | MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic |
DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef MEDLINE |
Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Agriculture |
EISSN | 1944-7922 |
EndPage | 1252 |
ExternalDocumentID | A593351868 10_5740_jaoacint_18_0229 30646971 |
Genre | Journal Article |
GroupedDBID | --- 0R~ 29J 36B 5GY 5WD 85S A8Z AAIKC AAMNW AAPQZ AAPXW AARHZ AAUAY AAVAP ABCQX ABDBF ABJNI ABMNT ABOCM ABPTD ABXVV ACGFO ACUTJ ADGKP ADGZP ADIPN ADNWM ADQBN ADVEK AEGXH AELWJ AENEX AETBJ AFFZL AFGWE AIAGR AJEEA ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ATGXG BCRHZ BEYMZ CGR CUY CVF EAD EAP EAS EBD ECM EIF EJD EMB EMK EMOBN ESTFP ESX F5P FHSFR FLUFQ FOEOM GAUVT H13 I-F IAG IAO IGS INR JQ1 KBUDW KOP KSI KSN L7B ML- NOMLY NPM OBOKY OJZSN OWPYF OXVGQ P2P PV9 ROX RUSNO RZL SV3 TUS YXANX AASNB AAYXX CITATION ABXZS AGINJ ALXQX CASEJ 7X8 |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c338t-46d05cf76f1b5ecd9df280f3d6dc299058d3b90fb7e305d7909b75900d046f5f3 |
ISSN | 1060-3271 |
IngestDate | Fri Oct 25 09:22:02 EDT 2024 Fri Feb 02 04:11:56 EST 2024 Thu Sep 26 18:47:38 EDT 2024 Wed Oct 16 00:47:12 EDT 2024 |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 4 |
Language | English |
LinkModel | OpenURL |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c338t-46d05cf76f1b5ecd9df280f3d6dc299058d3b90fb7e305d7909b75900d046f5f3 |
Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
PMID | 30646971 |
PQID | 2179377737 |
PQPubID | 23479 |
PageCount | 12 |
ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_2179377737 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A593351868 crossref_primary_10_5740_jaoacint_18_0229 pubmed_primary_30646971 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 2019-07-01 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2019-07-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 07 year: 2019 text: 2019-07-01 day: 01 |
PublicationDecade | 2010 |
PublicationPlace | England |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: England |
PublicationTitle | Journal of AOAC International |
PublicationTitleAlternate | J AOAC Int |
PublicationYear | 2019 |
Publisher | AOAC International |
Publisher_xml | – name: AOAC International |
SSID | ssj0041602 |
Score | 2.2975786 |
Snippet | Synthetic colorants are largely used in the pharmaceutical products to increase the attractiveness of products and to help patients distinguish between... Abstract Background: Synthetic colorants are largely used in the pharmaceutical products to increase the attractiveness of products and to help patients... Background: Synthetic colorants are largely used in the pharmaceutical products to increase the attractiveness of products and to help patients distinguish... |
SourceID | proquest gale crossref pubmed |
SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database |
StartPage | 1241 |
SubjectTerms | Acetone Alkaloids Backup software Bromine compounds Cetrimonium - chemistry Chief financial officers Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods Colorants Coloring Agents - analysis Erythrosine - analysis Food Green Chemistry Technology - methods High performance liquid chromatography Indigo Carmine - analysis Limit of Detection Liquid-Liquid Extraction - methods Methods Quinoline Quinolines - analysis Spectrophotometry - methods Surface active agents |
Title | Development and Validation of an Effective Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Determination of Synthetic Colorants After Cloud Point Extraction and Comparision with New Green HPLC Method |
URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30646971 https://search.proquest.com/docview/2179377737 |
Volume | 102 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1db9MwFLVK9wIPiO-VLxkJCaEqIx9OnDxm6aYKMZi0Fe0tSmJ7m7Q2U0gl2D_jlV_GvXaSpqVIg5eo9UOuk3NiX9vHPoS8VaGKuPCFpUQOA5TId62MoWsqk76HIxBbO88dfQ6mM_bxzD8bDH72VEvLOt8rbrbuK_kfVKEMcMVdsv-AbHdTKIDfgC9cAWG43grjnuJHLwJ8haRadDkgfLnmbGIUB6HPfF2V1xdlXc7RRasYH2nzaK0zPLlEYWG2kCiInbQKmfZGJz8WkCbiya4JNJWVVs7E2ls8uSqXYnxcXkIFDr7XVWs8DnVJGoND_K8ne1FJqVU-4-nxp6SJ_rfc-EucrE9WdpPBN-fLymwyupjj4sfsW73sCD6RV3N4A0afjFrO_qSG3ke1JhDZHsU00XYAPYdrjFv2pCmLGLN45K6367bbIzDrtdKQ0zjbug-fM1vbFpRZAS9uzwktSHGiVVfZCRhjP_I8H60G7pAdFw_pH5KdeH-yf9imAZDoNoLXprpmjRxDfNgMsJYTbWYGG-MdnfecPiD3G1BobNj3kAzk4hG5F59XzaEt8jH51eMhBezpioe0VFBCOx7SP3lIDRMo8JD2eUjXeIg36nhIOx5SzUOqeUg1D-mKh7ouPR5S5CEFHlLNQ4o8bKI_IbPDg9NkajXeIFbheWFtsUDYfqF4oJzcl4WIhHJDW3kiEAVmWH4ovDyyVc4l9GiCR3aUc3TIFTYLlK-8p2S4KBdyl1AlmRNmHhfQmrEQTZjcImeZgJFcziLpjsj7Fp302hwBk8LQGZFMWyRTJ0wRyRF5h_ClyCp82KzZ5AKR8Jy1dMWbEXnTIpxCi47LdObtpi72mZxzj4_IMwN9FxfnC4KIO89vHecFubv6wF6SYV0t5SvIo-v8dcPY34qO1Rk |
link.rule.ids | 315,786,790,27946,27947 |
linkProvider | EBSCOhost |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Development+and+Validation+of+an+Effective+Spectrophotometric+Method+for+Simultaneous+Determination+of+Synthetic+Colorants+After+Cloud+Point+Extraction+and+Comparision+with+New+Green+HPLC+Method&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.au=Ozgur%2C+Mahmure+Ustun&rft.au=Delmidan%2C+Merve&rft.date=2019-07-01&rft.pub=AOAC+International&rft.issn=1060-3271&rft.eissn=1944-7922&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1241&rft_id=info:doi/10.5740%2Fjaoacint.18-0229&rft.externalDocID=A593351868 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1060-3271&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1060-3271&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1060-3271&client=summon |