Development of a Brief Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention for the Management of Episodic Breathlessness—A Delphi Survey With International Experts
Episodic breathlessness is characterized by a severe worsening of breathlessness intensity that goes beyond usual fluctuations. Episodes are usually short; therefore, nonpharmacological strategies (cognitive and behavioral) seem most promising to be beneficial. Which strategies—delivered separately...
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| Published in | Journal of pain and symptom management Vol. 61; no. 5; pp. 963 - 973.e1 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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United States
Elsevier Inc
01.05.2021
Elsevier Limited |
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| Abstract | Episodic breathlessness is characterized by a severe worsening of breathlessness intensity that goes beyond usual fluctuations. Episodes are usually short; therefore, nonpharmacological strategies (cognitive and behavioral) seem most promising to be beneficial. Which strategies—delivered separately or in combination—might be most effective and feasible remains unclear.
The Delphi survey selects and determines different nonpharmacological strategies for coping with episodic breathlessness to develop a brief cognitive and behavioral intervention for the management of episodic breathlessness.
Using an online Delphi survey comprising three rounds, international, multidisciplinary experts in breathlessness summarized and determined cognitive and behavioral strategies. The a priori target agreement for close-ended questions was 70%.
Experts (n = 41/87; n = 45/85; n = 36/85) agreed on 15 of the 31 cognitive and behavioral strategies. Based on the panellists' opinion, the final version of the cognitive and behavioral intervention comprised the following characteristics: individually tailored intervention, a high proportion of communication, short duration, the involvement of carers, and use of the Breathing, Thinking, Functioning Model of Spathis et al. Consensus upon the delivery of the subsequent strategies within the intervention was reached: handheld fan, forward lean, diaphragmatic breathing, distraction, pursed lips breathing, long breaths out, and relaxation training.
Using the consented nonpharmacological strategies, a brief cognitive and behavioral intervention was developed that balances between individualization and standardization of the intervention. |
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| AbstractList | Episodic breathlessness is characterized by a severe worsening of breathlessness intensity that goes beyond usual fluctuations. Episodes are usually short; therefore, nonpharmacological strategies (cognitive and behavioral) seem most promising to be beneficial. Which strategies-delivered separately or in combination-might be most effective and feasible remains unclear.
The Delphi survey selects and determines different nonpharmacological strategies for coping with episodic breathlessness to develop a brief cognitive and behavioral intervention for the management of episodic breathlessness.
Using an online Delphi survey comprising three rounds, international, multidisciplinary experts in breathlessness summarized and determined cognitive and behavioral strategies. The a priori target agreement for close-ended questions was 70%.
Experts (n = 41/87; n = 45/85; n = 36/85) agreed on 15 of the 31 cognitive and behavioral strategies. Based on the panellists' opinion, the final version of the cognitive and behavioral intervention comprised the following characteristics: individually tailored intervention, a high proportion of communication, short duration, the involvement of carers, and use of the Breathing, Thinking, Functioning Model of Spathis et al. Consensus upon the delivery of the subsequent strategies within the intervention was reached: handheld fan, forward lean, diaphragmatic breathing, distraction, pursed lips breathing, long breaths out, and relaxation training.
Using the consented nonpharmacological strategies, a brief cognitive and behavioral intervention was developed that balances between individualization and standardization of the intervention. Context Episodic breathlessness is characterized by a severe worsening of breathlessness intensity that goes beyond usual fluctuations. Episodes are usually short; therefore, nonpharmacological strategies (cognitive and behavioral) seem most promising to be beneficial. Which strategies-delivered separately or in combination-might be most effective and feasible remains unclear. Objectives The Delphi survey selects and determines different nonpharmacological strategies for coping with episodic breathlessness to develop a brief cognitive and behavioral intervention for the management of episodic breathlessness. Methods Using an online Delphi survey comprising three rounds, international, multidisciplinary experts in breathlessness summarized and determined cognitive and behavioral strategies. The a priori target agreement for close-ended questions was 70%. Results Experts (n = 41/87; n = 45/85; n = 36/85) agreed on 15 of the 31 cognitive and behavioral strategies. Based on the panellists' opinion, the final version of the cognitive and behavioral intervention comprised the following characteristics: individually tailored intervention, a high proportion of communication, short duration, the involvement of carers, and use of the Breathing, Thinking, Functioning Model of Spathis et al. Consensus upon the delivery of the subsequent strategies within the intervention was reached: handheld fan, forward lean, diaphragmatic breathing, distraction, pursed lips breathing, long breaths out, and relaxation training. Conclusion Using the consented nonpharmacological strategies, a brief cognitive and behavioral intervention was developed that balances between individualization and standardization of the intervention. |
| Author | Schloesser, Karlotta Eisenmann, Yvonne Simon, Steffen T. Bergmann, Anja |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Karlotta surname: Schloesser fullname: Schloesser, Karlotta email: karlotta.schloesser@uk-koeln.de organization: Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Department of Palliative Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Yvonne surname: Eisenmann fullname: Eisenmann, Yvonne organization: Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Department of Palliative Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: Anja surname: Bergmann fullname: Bergmann, Anja organization: Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Department of Palliative Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany – sequence: 4 givenname: Steffen T. surname: Simon fullname: Simon, Steffen T. organization: Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Department of Palliative Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33002596$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | 2020 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine Copyright © 2020 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright Elsevier Limited May 2021 |
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| Keywords | Delphi episodic breathlessness cognitive-behavioral |
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| SubjectTerms | Behavior Behavior modification Breathlessness Brief interventions Caregivers Cognitive development Cognitive therapy cognitive-behavioral Cognitive-behavioral factors Coping Delphi Disease management Distraction Dyspnea episodic breathlessness Experts Nonpharmacological strategies Polls & surveys Relaxation Relaxation training Standardization |
| Title | Development of a Brief Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention for the Management of Episodic Breathlessness—A Delphi Survey With International Experts |
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