A software player for providing hints in problem-based learning according to a new specification
The provision of hints during problem solving has been a successful strategy in the learning process. There exist several computer systems that provide hints to students during problem solving, covering some specific issues of hinting. This article presents a novel software player module for providi...
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| Published in | Computer applications in engineering education Vol. 17; no. 3; pp. 272 - 284 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Hoboken
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
01.09.2009
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1061-3773 1099-0542 |
| DOI | 10.1002/cae.20240 |
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| Abstract | The provision of hints during problem solving has been a successful strategy in the learning process. There exist several computer systems that provide hints to students during problem solving, covering some specific issues of hinting. This article presents a novel software player module for providing hints in problem‐based learning. We have implemented it into the XTutor Intelligent Tutoring System using its XDOC extension mechanism and the Python programming language. This player includes some of the functionalities that are present in different state‐of‐the‐art systems, and also other new relevant functionalities based on our own ideas and teaching experience. The article explains each feature for providing hints and it also gives a pedagogical justification or explanation. We have created an XML binding, so any combination of the model hints functionalities can be expressed as an XML instance, enabling interoperability and reusability. The implemented player tool together with the XTutor server‐side XDOC processor can interpret and run XML files according to this newly defined hints specification. Finally, the article presents several running examples of use of the tool, the subjects where it is in use, and results that lead to the conclusion of the positive impact of this hints tool in the learning process based on quantitative and qualitative analysis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 272–284, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20240 |
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| AbstractList | The provision of hints during problem solving has been a successful strategy in the learning process. There exist several computer systems that provide hints to students during problem solving, covering some specific issues of hinting. This article presents a novel software player module for providing hints in problem‐based learning. We have implemented it into the XTutor Intelligent Tutoring System using its XDOC extension mechanism and the Python programming language. This player includes some of the functionalities that are present in different state‐of‐the‐art systems, and also other new relevant functionalities based on our own ideas and teaching experience. The article explains each feature for providing hints and it also gives a pedagogical justification or explanation. We have created an XML binding, so any combination of the model hints functionalities can be expressed as an XML instance, enabling interoperability and reusability. The implemented player tool together with the XTutor server‐side XDOC processor can interpret and run XML files according to this newly defined hints specification. Finally, the article presents several running examples of use of the tool, the subjects where it is in use, and results that lead to the conclusion of the positive impact of this hints tool in the learning process based on quantitative and qualitative analysis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 272–284, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20240 The provision of hints during problem solving has been a successful strategy in the learning process. There exist several computer systems that provide hints to students during problem solving, covering some specific issues of hinting. This article presents a novel software player module for providing hints in problem-based learning. We have implemented it into the XTutor Intelligent Tutoring System using its XDOC extension mechanism and the Python programming language. This player includes some of the functionalities that are present in different state-of-the-art systems, and also other new relevant functionalities based on our own ideas and teaching experience. The article explains each feature for providing hints and it also gives a pedagogical justification or explanation. We have created an XML binding, so any combination of the model hints functionalities can be expressed as an XML instance, enabling interoperability and reusability. The implemented player tool together with the XTutor server-side XDOC processor can interpret and run XML files according to this newly defined hints specification. Finally, the article presents several running examples of use of the tool, the subjects where it is in use, and results that lead to the conclusion of the positive impact of this hints tool in the learning process based on quantitative and qualitative analysis. |
| Author | Delgado Kloos, Carlos Muñoz-Merino, Pedro J. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Pedro J. surname: Muñoz-Merino fullname: Muñoz-Merino, Pedro J. email: pedmume@it.uc3m.es organization: Department of Telematic Engineering, Carlos III University of Madrid, Av. Universidad, 30. E-28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain – sequence: 2 givenname: Carlos surname: Delgado Kloos fullname: Delgado Kloos, Carlos organization: Department of Telematic Engineering, Carlos III University of Madrid, Av. Universidad, 30. E-28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1109/FIE.2006.322306 10.1016/S0098-1354(00)00540-8 10.1007/11774303_4 10.1080/09500690600560829 10.1207/s15516709cog1304_1 10.1016/j.artmed.2005.04.003 10.1207/s15327809jls0501_2 10.1097/00001888-199301000-00012 10.1109/TE.2005.854571 |
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| References_xml | – reference: S. Suebnukarn and P. Haddawy, A Bayesian approach to generating tutorial hints in a collaborative medical problem-based learning system, Artif Intell Med 38 (2006), 5-24. – reference: V. Aleven and K. R. Koedinger, Limitations of student control: Do students know when they need help?, Lectures Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1839, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, 2000, pp. 292-303. – reference: J. R. Anderson, F. G. Conrad, and A. T. Corbett, Skill acquisition and the lisp tutor, Cogn Sci 13 (1989), 467-505. – reference: M. A. Ringenberg and K. VanLehn, Scaffolding problem solving with annotated, worked-out examples to promote deep learning, Lectures Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4053, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, 2006, pp. 625-634. – reference: K. R. Koedinger, J. R. Anderson, W. H. Hadley, and M. A. Mark, Intelligent tutoring goes to school in the big city, Int J Artif Intell Educ 8 (1997), 30-43. – reference: B. S. Bloom, Taxonomy of educational objectives, David McKay Company, Inc., New York, 1956. – reference: C. Meyer and T. B. Jones, Promoting active learning: Strategies for the college classroom, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, 1993. – reference: E. Harskamp and N. Ding, Structured collaboration versus individual learning in solving physics problems, Int J Sci Educ 28 (2006), 1669-1688. – reference: E. Guzman and R. Conejo, Self-assessment in a feasible, adaptive web-based testing system, IEEE Trans Educ 48 (2005), 688-695. – reference: K. N. Martin and I. Arroyo, AgentX: Using reinforcement learning to improve the effectiveness of intelligent tutoring systems, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 3220, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, 2004, pp. 564-572. – reference: C. Fallon and S. Brown, E-learning standards: A guide to purchasing, developing, and deploying standards-conformant e-learning, St. Lucie Press, Boca Raton, Fla, 2003. – reference: M. Hough and T. Marlin, Web-based interactive learning modules for process control, Comput Chem Eng 24 (2000), 1485-1490. – reference: W. Joolingen, Cognitive tools for discovery learning, Int J Artif Intell Educ 10 (1999), 385-397. – reference: G. Hume, J. Michael, A. Rovick, and M. Evens, Hinting as a tactic in one-on-one tutoring, J Learn Sci 5 (1996), 23-47. – reference: M. A. Albanese and S. Mitchell, Problem based learning: A review of literature on its outcomes and implementation issues, Acad Med 68 (1993), 52-81. – reference: M. Y. Feng, N. T. Heffernan, and K. R. Koedinger, Predicting state test scores better with intelligent tutoring systems: Developing metrics to measure assistance required, Lectures Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4053, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, 2006, pp. 31-40. – reference: D. Ausubel, J. Novak, and H. Hanesian, Educational psychology: A cognitive view, 2nd edition, Holt Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1978. – volume: 8 start-page: 30 year: 1997 end-page: 43 article-title: Intelligent tutoring goes to school in the big city publication-title: Int J Artif Intell Educ – year: 1956 – year: 2005 – volume: 10 start-page: 385 year: 1999 end-page: 397 article-title: Cognitive tools for discovery learning publication-title: Int J Artif Intell Educ – volume: 48 start-page: 688 year: 2005 end-page: 695 article-title: Self‐assessment in a feasible, adaptive web‐based testing system publication-title: IEEE Trans Educ – volume: 68 start-page: 52 year: 1993 end-page: 81 article-title: Problem based learning: A review of literature on its outcomes and implementation issues publication-title: Acad Med – volume: 13 start-page: 467 year: 1989 end-page: 505 article-title: Skill acquisition and the lisp tutor publication-title: Cogn Sci – volume: 38 start-page: 5 year: 2006 end-page: 24 article-title: A Bayesian approach to generating tutorial hints in a collaborative medical problem‐based learning system publication-title: Artif Intell Med – year: 2002 – year: 2006 – year: 2003 – volume: 4053 start-page: 625 year: 2006 end-page: 634 – volume: 24 start-page: 1485 year: 2000 end-page: 1490 article-title: Web‐based interactive learning modules for process control publication-title: Comput Chem Eng – volume: 1839 start-page: 292 year: 2000 end-page: 303 – volume: 3220 start-page: 564 year: 2004 end-page: 572 – year: 1978 – volume: 5 start-page: 23 year: 1996 end-page: 47 article-title: Hinting as a tactic in one‐on‐one tutoring publication-title: J Learn Sci – year: 1993 – year: 1998 – volume: 28 start-page: 1669 year: 2006 end-page: 1688 article-title: Structured collaboration versus individual learning in solving physics problems publication-title: Int J Sci Educ – volume: 4053 start-page: 31 year: 2006 end-page: 40 – volume: 10 start-page: 385 year: 1999 ident: e_1_2_1_7_2 article-title: Cognitive tools for discovery learning publication-title: Int J Artif Intell Educ – ident: e_1_2_1_11_2 – volume: 8 start-page: 30 year: 1997 ident: e_1_2_1_20_2 article-title: Intelligent tutoring goes to school in the big city publication-title: Int J Artif Intell Educ – volume-title: Educational psychology: A cognitive view year: 1978 ident: e_1_2_1_26_2 – ident: e_1_2_1_3_2 – start-page: 625 volume-title: Scaffolding problem solving with annotated, worked‐out examples to promote deep learning, Lectures Notes in Computer Science year: 2006 ident: e_1_2_1_15_2 – volume-title: Promoting active learning: Strategies for the college classroom year: 1993 ident: e_1_2_1_25_2 – ident: e_1_2_1_8_2 – ident: e_1_2_1_5_2 – volume-title: E‐learning standards: A guide to purchasing, developing, and deploying standards‐conformant e‐learning year: 2003 ident: e_1_2_1_2_2 – ident: e_1_2_1_27_2 doi: 10.1109/FIE.2006.322306 – volume-title: Taxonomy of educational objectives year: 1956 ident: e_1_2_1_28_2 – ident: e_1_2_1_9_2 doi: 10.1016/S0098-1354(00)00540-8 – ident: e_1_2_1_10_2 – ident: e_1_2_1_14_2 doi: 10.1007/11774303_4 – ident: e_1_2_1_6_2 doi: 10.1080/09500690600560829 – start-page: 564 volume-title: AgentX: Using reinforcement learning to improve the effectiveness of intelligent tutoring systems, Lecture Notes in Computer Science year: 2004 ident: e_1_2_1_19_2 – ident: e_1_2_1_21_2 – ident: e_1_2_1_23_2 doi: 10.1207/s15516709cog1304_1 – ident: e_1_2_1_24_2 – start-page: 292 volume-title: Limitations of student control: Do students know when they need help?, Lectures Notes in Computer Science year: 2000 ident: e_1_2_1_16_2 – ident: e_1_2_1_18_2 doi: 10.1016/j.artmed.2005.04.003 – ident: e_1_2_1_13_2 doi: 10.1207/s15327809jls0501_2 – ident: e_1_2_1_22_2 doi: 10.1097/00001888-199301000-00012 – ident: e_1_2_1_29_2 – ident: e_1_2_1_17_2 doi: 10.1109/TE.2005.854571 – ident: e_1_2_1_12_2 – ident: e_1_2_1_4_2 |
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