Crystal nucleation in poly(ether ether ketone)/carbon nanotube nanocomposites at high and low supercooling of the melt
The engineering thermoplastic poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) has a rigid backbone that crystallizes relatively slowly upon cooling the melt. In this study, fast scanning chip calorimetry (FSC) was used to analyze isothermal crystallization between 170 and 285 °C, a range from about 27 K above the g...
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| Published in | Polymer (Guilford) Vol. 199; p. 122548 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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11.06.2020
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| Abstract | The engineering thermoplastic poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) has a rigid backbone that crystallizes relatively slowly upon cooling the melt. In this study, fast scanning chip calorimetry (FSC) was used to analyze isothermal crystallization between 170 and 285 °C, a range from about 27 K above the glass transition temperature up to the melting temperature. Incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNT) enhances nucleation at all crystallization temperatures, including low temperatures. FSC also was employed to study crystallization at cooling rates spanning 0.33 to 8000 K/s, important as PEEK is subject to these conditions during melt processing. The critical cooling rate to produce a vitrified sample was increased from 500 K/s in the neat PEEK to 4000 K/s in a 5% CNT/PEEK nanocomposite due to faster nucleation rate caused by heterogeneous nucleation.
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•FSC was used to study crystallization of PEEK nanocomposites.•AFM and POM were used to characterize the morphology.•Low temperature crystallization shows heterogeneous nucleation.•Critical cooling rate is increased with the incorporation of CNTs. |
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| AbstractList | The engineering thermoplastic poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) has a rigid backbone that crystallizes relatively slowly upon cooling the melt. In this study, fast scanning chip calorimetry (FSC) was used to analyze isothermal crystallization between 170 and 285 °C, a range from about 27 K above the glass transition temperature up to the melting temperature. Incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNT) enhances nucleation at all crystallization temperatures, including low temperatures. FSC also was employed to study crystallization at cooling rates spanning 0.33 to 8000 K/s, important as PEEK is subject to these conditions during melt processing. The critical cooling rate to produce a vitrified sample was increased from 500 K/s in the neat PEEK to 4000 K/s in a 5% CNT/PEEK nanocomposite due to faster nucleation rate caused by heterogeneous nucleation.
[Display omitted]
•FSC was used to study crystallization of PEEK nanocomposites.•AFM and POM were used to characterize the morphology.•Low temperature crystallization shows heterogeneous nucleation.•Critical cooling rate is increased with the incorporation of CNTs. The engineering thermoplastic poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) has a rigid backbone that crystallizes relatively slowly upon cooling the melt. In this study, fast scanning chip calorimetry (FSC) was used to analyze isothermal crystallization between 170 and 285 °C, a range from about 27 K above the glass transition temperature up to the melting temperature. Incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNT) enhances nucleation at all crystallization temperatures, including low temperatures. FSC also was employed to study crystallization at cooling rates spanning 0.33 to 8000 K/s, important as PEEK is subject to these conditions during melt processing. The critical cooling rate to produce a vitrified sample was increased from 500 K/s in the neat PEEK to 4000 K/s in a 5% CNT/PEEK nanocomposite due to faster nucleation rate caused by heterogeneous nucleation. |
| ArticleNumber | 122548 |
| Author | Schaake, Richard P. Seo, Jiho Colby, Ralph H. Androsch, René Gohn, Anne M. Rhoades, Alicyn M. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Anne M. surname: Gohn fullname: Gohn, Anne M. organization: School of Engineering, Penn State Erie, 4701 College Drive, Erie, PA, 16563, United States – sequence: 2 givenname: Jiho surname: Seo fullname: Seo, Jiho organization: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States – sequence: 3 givenname: Ralph H. surname: Colby fullname: Colby, Ralph H. organization: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States – sequence: 4 givenname: Richard P. surname: Schaake fullname: Schaake, Richard P. organization: SKF Research and Technology Development, 3992 AE, Houten, the Netherlands – sequence: 5 givenname: René surname: Androsch fullname: Androsch, René organization: Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099, Halle/Saale, Germany – sequence: 6 givenname: Alicyn M. surname: Rhoades fullname: Rhoades, Alicyn M. email: amh234@psu.edu organization: School of Engineering, Penn State Erie, 4701 College Drive, Erie, PA, 16563, United States |
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| Snippet | The engineering thermoplastic poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) has a rigid backbone that crystallizes relatively slowly upon cooling the melt. In this study,... |
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| SubjectTerms | Calorimetry Carbon nanotubes CNT Cooling rate Crystallization Fast scanning chip calorimetry Glass transition temperature Ketones Low temperature Melt temperature Nanocomposite Nanocomposites Nanotechnology Nanotubes Nucleation PEEK Polyether ether ketones Supercooling Transition temperatures |
| Title | Crystal nucleation in poly(ether ether ketone)/carbon nanotube nanocomposites at high and low supercooling of the melt |
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